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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
Copyright (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. Plainfield, N.J.
*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
<hr>
<page="1">
Page 1<p>
<centered><point26>A.</point26></centered>
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw> <tt>(<it>named \'be in the English, and most commonly \'84 in other languages</it>)</tt>. <def> The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek <spn>Alpha</spn>, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (<i>Aleph</i>, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The <i>Aleph</i> was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel <i>Alpha</i> with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet having no vowel symbols.</def>
This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See <i>Guide to pronunciation</i>, §§ 43-74. The regular long <i>a</i>, as in <i>fate</i>, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of \'84 (as in <i>far</i>).
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A♭) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.</def>
<cs><col>A per se</col> <ety>(L. <ets>per se<ets> by itself)</ety>, <cd>one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>
<blockquote>O fair Creseide, the flower and <b>A per se</b>
Of Troy and Greece.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw> <tt>(# <i>emph</i>. #)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <ety>[Shortened form of <ets>an</ets>. AS. \'ben one. See <er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying <i>one</i> or <i>any</i>, but less emphatically.<def> "At <i>a</i> birth"; "In <i>a</i> word"; "At <i>a</i> blow". <i>Shak</i>. <note>It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective <i>few</i> or the phrase <i>great many</i> or <i>good many</i> is interposed; <as>as, <ex>a</ex> dog, <ex>a</ex> house, <ex>a</ex> man; <ex>a</ex> color; <ex>a</ex> sweetness; <ex>a</ex> hundred, <ex>a</ex> fleet, a regiment; <ex>a</ex> few persons, <ex>a</ex> great many days.</as> It is used for <i>an</i>, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with <i>h</i>, see <er>An</er>]; <as>as, a table, <ex>a woman</ex>, <ex>a</ex> year, <ex>a</ex> unit, <ex>a</ex> eulogy, <ex>a</ex> ewe, <ex>a</ex> oneness, such <ex>a</ex> one, etc.</as> Formally <i>an</i> was used both before vowels and consonants.</note>
<p><b>2.</b> <ety>[Originally the preposition <ets>a</ets> (<ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>).]</ety> <def>In each; to or for each; <as>as, "twenty leagues <ex>a</ex> day", "a hundred pounds <ex>a</ex> year", "a dollar <ex>a</ex> yard", etc.</as></def>
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Abbreviated form of <ets>an</ets> (AS. <ets>on</ets>). See <er>On</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In; on; at; by.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>A</i> God's name." "Torn <i>a</i> pieces." "Stand <i>a</i> tiptoe." "<i>A</i> Sundays" <i>Shak</i>. "Wit that men have now <i>a</i> days." <i>Chaucer</i>. "Set them <i>a</i> work." <i>Robynson (More's Utopia)</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in <i>-ing</i> which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition <i>an</i> (which was used before the vowel sound); as in <i>a</i> hunting, <i>a</i> building, <i>a</i> begging. "Jacob, when he was <i>a</i> dying" <i>Heb. xi. 21</i>. "We'll <i>a</i> birding together." " It was <i>a</i> doing." <i>Shak.</i> "He burst out <i>a</i> laughing." <i>Macaulay</i>. The hyphen may be used to connect <i>a</i> with the verbal substantive (as, <i>a</i>-hunting, <i>a</i>-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the <i>a</i> being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.</def>
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw>. <ety>[From AS. <ets>of</ets> off, from. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>Of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "The name of John <i>a</i> Gaunt." "What time <i>a</i> day is it ?" <i>Shak</i>. "It's six <i>a</i> clock." <i>B. Jonson</i>.
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw>. <def> A barbarous corruption of <i>have</i>, of <i>he</i>, and sometimes of <i>it</i> and of <i>they</i>.</def> "So would I <i>a</i> done" "<i>A</i> brushes his hat."
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>A</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A</hw>. <def> An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter</def>
<blockquote>A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-<b>a</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<h1>A-.</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A-.</hw> <def>A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies <i>on</i> or <i>in</i> (from <i>an</i>, <i>a</i> forms of AS. <i>on</i>), denoting a state, as in <i>a</i>foot, on foot, <i>a</i>bed, <i>a</i>miss, <i>a</i>sleep, aground, <i>a</i>loft, <i>a</i>way (AS. <i>onweg</i>), and analogically, <i>a</i>blaze, <i>a</i>tremble, etc. (2) AS. <i>of</i> off, from, as in <i>a</i>down (AS. <i>ofd\'81ne</i> off the <i>dun</i> or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. <i>us-</i>, <i>ur-</i>, Ger. <i>er-</i>), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of <i>away</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>back</i>, as in <i>a</i>rise, <i>a</i>bide, <i>a</i>go. (4) Old English <i>y-</i> or <i>i-</i> (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle <i>ge-</i>, cognate with OHG. <i>ga-</i>, <i>gi-</i>, Goth. <i>ga-</i>), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French <i>\'85</i> (L. <i>ad</i> to), as in <i>a</i>base, <i>a</i>chieve. (6) L. <i>a</i>, <i>ab</i>, <i>abs</i>, from, as in <i>a</i>vert. (7) Greek insep. prefix α without, or privative, not, as in <i>a</i>byss, <i>a</i>theist; akin to E. <i>un-</i>.</def>
<note>Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix <i>a</i> takes its origin.</note>
<h1>A 1</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A 1</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.</def>
<note>A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.</note>
<h1>Aam</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Aam</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>aam</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ama</ets>; cf. L. <ets>hama</ets> a water bucket, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>Aum</asp> and <asp>Awm</asp>.]</altsp>
<h1>Aard-vark</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Aard"-vark`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D., earth-pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate mammal, of the genus <spn>Orycteropus</spn>, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.</def>
<h1>Aard-wolf</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Aard"-wolf`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D, earth-wolf]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous quadruped (<spn>Proteles Lalandii</spn>), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See <er>Proteles</er>.</def>
<h1>Aaronic, Aaronical</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw><hw>Aa*ron"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Aa*ron"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.</def>
<h1>Aaron's rod</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Aar"on's rod`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the golden-rod.</def>
<h1>Ab-</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Ab-</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies <i>from</i>, <i>away</i> , <i>separating</i>, or <i>departure</i>, as in <i>ab</i>duct, <i>abs</i>tract, <i>abs</i>cond. See <er>A-</er>(6).</def>
<h1>Ab</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Ab</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Of Syriac origin.]</ety> <def>The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August.</def>
<i>W. Smith.</i>
<h1>Abaca</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Ab"a*ca</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The native name.]</ety> <def>The Manila-hemp plant (<spn>Musa textilis</spn>); also, its fiber. See <cref>Manila hemp</cref> under <er>Manila</er>.</def>
<h1>Abacinate</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A*bac"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abacinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abacinare</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>bacinus</ets> a basin.]</ety> <def>To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abacination</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A*bac`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abacinating.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abaciscus</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Ab`a*cis"cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr.<?/, dim of <?/. See <er>Abacus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus.</def>
<h1>Abacist</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>Ab"a*cist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL <ets>abacista</ets>, fr. <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.</def>
<h1>Aback</h1>
<Xpage=1>
<hw>A*back"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>back</ets>; AS. <ets>on b\'91c</ets> at, on, or toward the back. See <er>Back</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Toward the back or rear; backward.</def> "Therewith aback she started."
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Behind; in the rear.</def>
<i>Knolles. </i>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.</def>
<i>Totten.</i>
<cs><col>To be taken aback</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. <sd>(b)</sd> To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited.</cd></cs>
<i>Dickens.</i>
<h1>Aback</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ack</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abacus.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>B. Jonson.</i>
<h1>Abactinal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ac"ti*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>actinal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal.</def> "The aboral or <i>abactinal</i> area."
<i>L. Agassiz.</i>
<h1>Abaction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Stealing cattle on a large scale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abactor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ac"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fr. <ets>abigere</ets> to drive away; <ets>ab+agere</ets> to drive.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abaculus</h1>
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<hw>A*bac"u*lus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abaculi</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.</def>
<i>Fairholt.</i>
<h1>Abacus</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*cus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>>; E. <plu>pl. <plw>Abacuses</plw> ; L. pl. <plw>Abaci</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abacus</ets>, <ets>abax</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See <er>Column</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.</def>
<cs><col>Abacus harmonicus</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument.</cd></cs>
<i>Crabb.</i>
<h1>Abada</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*da</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pg., the female rhinoceros.]</ety> <def>The rhinoceros.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Purchas.</i>
<h1>Abaddon</h1>
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<hw>A*bad"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>\'bebadd\'d3n</ets> destruction, abyss, fr. <ets>\'bebad</ets> to be lost, to perish.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hell; the bottomless pit.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>
<blockquote>In all her gates, <b>Abaddon</b> rues
Thy bold attempt.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abaft</h1>
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<hw>A*baft"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a</ets>-on + OE. <ets>baft</ets>, <ets>baften</ets>, <ets>biaften</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'91ftan</ets>; <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind. See <er>After</er>, <er>Aft</er>, <er>By</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Behind; toward the stern from; <as>as, <ex>abaft</ex> the wheelhouse</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col>. <cd>See under <er>Beam</er>.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abaft</h1>
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<hw>A*baft"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern; aft; <as>as, to go <ex>abaft</ex></as>.</def>
<h1>Abaisance</h1>
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<hw>A*bai"sance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[For <ets>obeisance</ets>; confused with F. <ets>abaisser</ets>, E. abase]</ety> <def>Obeisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Jonson.</i>
<h1>Abaiser</h1>
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<hw>A*bai"ser</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ivory black or animal charcoal.</def>
<i>Weale.</i>
<hr>
<page="2">
Page 2<p>
<h1>Abaist</h1>
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<hw>A*baist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <def>Abashed; confounded; discomfited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abalienate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*al"ien*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abalienare</ets>; <ets>ab + alienus</ets> foreign, alien. See <er>Alien</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To estrange; to withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To cause alienation of (mind).</def>
<i>Sandys.</i>
<h1>Abalienation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*al`ien*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abalienatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abalianation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abalone</h1>
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<hw>Ab`a*lo"ne</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A univalve mollusk of the genus <spn>Haliotis</spn>. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks.</def>
<h1>Aband</h1>
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<hw>A*band"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[Contracted from <ets>abandon</ets>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote> Enforced the kingdom to <b>aband</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To banish; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Mir. for Mag.</i>
<h1>Abandon</h1>
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<hw>A*ban"don</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abandoned</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abandoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abandoner</ets>, F.<ets>abandonner</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>)+<ets>bandon</ets> permission, authority, LL. <ets>bandum</ets>, <ets>bannum</ets>, public proclamation, interdiction, <ets>bannire</ets> to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. <ets>bandwjan</ets> to show by signs, to designate OHG. <ets>ban</ets>proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>That he might . . . <b>abandon</b> them from him.
<i>Udall.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Being all this time <b>abandoned</b> from your bed.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.</def>
<blockquote>Hope was overthrown, yet could not be <b>abandoned</b>.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad sense.</def>
<blockquote>He <b>abandoned</b> himself . . . to his favorite vice.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from.</syn> -- <usage><er>To Abandon</er>, <er>Desert</er>, <er>Forsake</er>. These words agree in representing a person as <i>giving up</i> or <i>leaving</i> some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. <i>Abandon</i> is more widely applicable than <i>forsake</i> or <i>desert</i>. The Latin original of <i>desert</i> appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of <i>persons</i> in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to <i>desert</i> one's colors, to <i>desert</i> one's post, to <i>desert</i> one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were <i>deserted</i>, a <i>deserted</i> village, <i>deserted</i> halls. <i>Forsake</i> implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to <i>forsake</i> the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.</usage>
<h1>Abandon</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"don</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abandon</ets>. fr. <ets>abandonner</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abandonment; relinquishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abandon</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A`ban`don"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.</def>
<h1>Abandoned</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"doned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Forsaken, deserted.</def> "Your <i>abandoned</i> streams."
<i>Thomson.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; <as>as, an <ex>abandoned</ex> villain</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.</syn> -- <usage><er>Abandoned</er>, <er>Profligate</er>, <er>Reprobate</er>. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. <er>Profligate</er> has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a <er>profligate</er> court, a <er>profligate</er> ministry. <er>Abandoned</er> is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of <er>abandoned</er> character. <er>Reprobate</er> describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.</usage>
<blockquote> God gave them over to a <b>reprobate</b> mind.
<i>Rom. i. 28.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abandonedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"doned*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Unrestrainedly.</def>
<h1>Abandonee</h1>
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<hw>A*ban`don*ee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anything is legally abandoned.</def>
<h1>Abandoner</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"don*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abandons.</def>
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>
<h1>Abandonment</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"don*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abandonnement</ets>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.</def>
<blockquote>The <b>abandonment</b> of the independence of Europe.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Com. Law)</fld> <def>(a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Careless freedom or ease; abandon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Carlyle.</i>
<h1>Abandum</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"*dum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything forfeited or confiscated.</def>
<h1>Abanet</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>Ab"a*net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Abnet</er>.</def>
<h1>Abanga</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*ban"ga</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.]</ety> <def>A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.</def>
<h1>Abannation, Abannition</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw><hw>Ab`an*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`an*nition</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abannatio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + LL. bannire to banish.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Banishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Abarticulation</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>articulation</ets> : cf. F. abarticulation. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.</def>
<i>Coxe.</i>
<h1>Abase</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*base"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.&p.p.</tt> <er>Abased</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. abaisser, LL. <ets>abassare</ets>, <ets>abbassare</ets> ; <ets>ad + bassare</ets>, fr. <ets>bassus</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; <as>as, to <ex>abase</ex> the eye</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<i>Bacon.</i>
<blockquote>Saying so, he <b>abased</b> his lance.
<i>Shelton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.</def>
<blockquote>Whosoever exalteth himself shall be <b>abased</b>.
<i>Luke xiv. ll.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abase</er>, <er>Debase</er>, <er>Degrade</er>. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. <i>Abase</i> has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to <i>abase</i> one's self before God. <i>Debase</i> has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or <i>making it base</i>. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to <i>debase</i> the coin of the kingdom, to <i>debase</i> the mind by vicious indulgence, to <i>debase</i> one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. <i>Degrade</i> has reference to a bringing down from some higher <i>grade</i> or from some standard. Thus, a priest is <i>degraded</i> from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, <i>degraded</i> by intemperance, a <i>degrading</i> employment, etc. "Art is <i>degraded</i> when it is regarded only as a trade."</syn>
<h1>Abased</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*based"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Lowered; humbled.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <ety>[F. <ets>abaiss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.</def>
<h1>Abasedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bas"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Abjectly; downcastly.</def>
<h1>Abasement</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*base"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abaissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation.</def>
<h1>Abaser</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bas"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>He who, or that which, abases.</def>
<h1>Abash</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bash"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abashed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abashing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abaissen</ets>, <ets>abaisshen</ets>, <ets>abashen</ets>, OF.<ets>esbahir</ets>, F. <ets>\'82bahir</ets>, to astonish, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + the interjection <ets>bah</ets>, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with <ets>abase</ets>. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.</def>
<blockquote><b>Abashed</b>, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>He was a man whom no check could <b>abash</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abash</er>, Confuse, <er>Confound</er>. <i>Abash</i> is a stronger word than <i>confuse</i>, but not so strong as <i>confound</i>. We are <i>abashed</i> when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was <i>abashed</i> in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are <i>confounded</i> when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually <i>confounded</i> at the discovery of his guilt.</usage>
<blockquote>Satan stood
Awhile as mute, <b>confounded</b> what to say.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abashedly</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bash"ed*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abashed manner.</def>
<h1>Abashment</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bash"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>\'82bahissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.</def>
<h1>Abassi, Abassis</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw><hw>A*bas"si</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bas"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar.& Per. <ets>ab\'bes\'c6</ets>, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.</def>
<h1>Abatable</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bat"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abated; <as>as, an <ex>abatable</ex> writ or nuisance</as>.</def>
<h1>Abate</h1>
<Xpage=2>
<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp.& p.p.</tt> <er>Abated</er>, <tt>p.pr. & vb.n</tt>. <er>Abating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatre</ets> to beat down, F. <ets>abattre</ets>, LL. <ets>abatere</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> or <ets>ad + batere</ets>, <ets>battere</ets> (popular form for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to beat). Cf. <er>Bate</er>, <er>Batter</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To beat down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>The King of Scots . . . sore <b>abated</b> the walls.
<i>Edw. Hall.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a demand; to <ex>abate</ex> pride, zeal, hope.</as></def>
<blockquote>His eye was not dim, nor his natural force <b>abated</b>.
<i>Deut. xxxiv. 7.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deduct; to omit; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> something from a price</as>.</def>
<blockquote>Nine thousand parishes, <b>abating</b> the odd hundreds.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>To blunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>To <b>abate</b> the edge of envy.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>To reduce in estimation; to deprive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>She hath <b>abated</b> me of half my train.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a nuisance, to <ex>abate</ex> a writ</as>. (b) <fld>(Eng.</fld> <i>Law</i>) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be <i>abated</i> entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets.</def>
<cs><col>To abate a tax</col>, <cd>to remit it either wholly or in part.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abate</h1>
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<hw>A*bate"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abate</er>, <ets>v</ets>.<ets>t</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; <as>as, pain <ex>abates</ex>, a storm <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>
<blockquote>The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly <b>abated</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; <as>as, a writ <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>To abate into a freehold</col>, <col>To abate in lands</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See <er>Abatement</er>, 4.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abate</er>, <er>Subside</er>. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. <i>Abate</i> expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm <i>abates</i>, the cold <i>abates</i>, the force of the wind <i>abates</i>; or, the wind <i>abates</i>, a fever <i>abates</i>. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves <i>subside</i> after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger <i>abates</i>, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage <i>abates</i>". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is <i>subside</i>; as, the tumult of the people <i>subsides</i>, the public mind <i>subsided</i> into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion <i>subsides</i>, his joy quickly <i>subsided</i>, his grief <i>subsided</i> into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use <i>abate</i>; as, his joy will <i>abate</i> in the progress of time; and so in other instances.</usage>
<h1>Abate</h1>
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<hw>A*bate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abatement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<h1>Abatement</h1>
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<hw>A*bate"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abatement</ets>, F. <ets>abattement</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; <as>as, the <ex>abatement</ex> of a nuisance is the suppression thereof</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>
<i>Blackstone.</i>
<cs><mcol><col>Defense in abatement</col>, <col>Plea in abatement</col></mcol>, <fld>(Law)</fld>, <col>plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abater</h1>
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<hw>A*bat"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, abates.</def>
<h1>Abatis, Abattis</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"a*tis</hw>, <hw>Aba"t*tis</hw>,<hw> <tt>(#)</tt> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatis</ets>, <ets>abattis</ets>, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.</def>
<h1>Abatised</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*tised</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Provided with an abatis.</def>
<h1>Abator</h1>
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<hw>A*ba"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>
<i>Blackstone.</i>
<h1>Abattoir</h1>
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<hw>A`bat`toir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abattoirs</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[F., fr. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.</def>
<h1>Abature</h1>
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<hw>Ab"a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abatture</ets>, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them.</def>
<i>Crabb.</i>
<h1>Abatvoix</h1>
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<hw>A`bat`voix"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abattre</ets> to beat down + <ets>voix</ets> voice.]</ety> <def>The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.</def>
<h1>Abawed</h1>
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<hw>Ab*awed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>p.p.</tt> <ety>[Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. <ets>abaubir</ets> to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. <ets>ad + balbus</ets> stammering.]</ety> <def>Astonished; abashed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abaxial, Abaxile</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab*ax"i*al</hw> (#), <hw>Ab*ax"ile</hw> (#),<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>axis</ets> axle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Away from the axis or central line; eccentric</def>.
<i>Balfour.</i>
<h1>Abay</h1>
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<hw>A*bay"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abay</ets> barking.]</ety> <def>Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See <er>Bay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abb</h1>
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<hw>Abb</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beweb</ets>, <ets>\'beb</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>web</ets>. See <er>Web</er>.]</ety> <def>Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, <i>abb wool</i> is wool for the <i>abb</i>.</def>
<h1>Abba</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.</def>
<h1>Abbacy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ba*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbacies</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbey</er>.]</ety> <def>The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.</def>
<h1>Abbatial</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ba"tial</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbatialis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>abbatial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to an abbey; <as>as, <ex>abbatial</ex> rights</as>.</def>
<h1>Abbatical</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bat"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abbatial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abb\'82</h1>
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<hw>Ab"b\'82`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt><ety>[F. <ets>abb\'82</ets>. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>The French word answering to the English <i>abbot</i>, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.</def>
<note>\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.</note>
<i>Littr\'82.</i>
<h1>Abbess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF.<ets>abaesse</ets>, <ets>abeesse</ets>, F. <ets>abbesse</ets>, L. <ets>abbatissa</ets>, fem. of <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See <er>Abbey</er>.</def>
<h1>Abbey</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bey</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abbeys</plw> <tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[OF. <ets>aba\'8be</ets>, F. <ets>abbaye</ets>, L. <ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. abbas abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings.</def>
<note>&hand; The men are called <it>monks</it>, and governed by an abbot; the women are called <i>nuns</i>, and governed by an abbess.</note>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The church of a monastery.</def>
<hr>
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<note>In London, <i>the Abbey</i> means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead <i>Abbey</i>, the residence of Lord Byron.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See <er>Cloister</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abbot</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bot</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>abbod</ets>, <ets>abbad</ets>, L. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets> father. Cf. <er>Abba</er>, <er>Abb\'90</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>The superior or head of an abbey.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys.</def>
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>
<cs><col>Abbot of the people</col>. <cd>a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abbot of Misrule</col> (or <col>Lord of Misrule</col>)</mcol>, <cd>in medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the <er>Abbot of Unreason</er>.</cd></cs>
<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>
<h1>Abbotship</h1>
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<hw>Ab"bot*ship</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[<ets>Abbot</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or office of an abbot.</def>
<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abbreviated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abbreviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + breviare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.</def>
<blockquote>It is one thing to <b>abbreviate</b> by contracting, another by cutting off.
<i>Bacon.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.</def>
<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abbreviated; abridged; shortened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "The <i>abbreviate</i> form."
<i>Earle.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.</def>
<h1>Abbreviate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An abridgment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Elyot.</i>
<h1>Abbreviated</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.</def>
<h1>Abbreviation</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre`vi*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abbreviatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viation</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of shortening, or reducing.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.</def>
<i>Tylor.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; <as>as, <ex>Gen</ex></as>. for <i>Genesis</i>; <i>U</i>.<i>S</i>.<i>A</i>. for <i>United States of America</i>.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.</def>
<i>Moore.</i>
<h1>Abbreviator</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL.: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viateur</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abbreviates or shortens.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.</def>
<h1>Abbreviatory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.</def>
<h1>Abbreviature</h1>
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<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.</def>
<blockquote>This is an excellent <b>abbreviature</b> of the whole duty of a Christian.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abb wool</h1>
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<hw>Abb" wool</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> See <er>Abb</er>.</def>
<h1>A B C</h1>
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<hw>A B C"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>The simplest rudiments of any subject; <as>as, the <ex>A B C</ex> of finance</as>.</def>
<cs><col>A B C book</col>, <cd>a primer.</cd></cs>
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Abdal</h1>
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<hw>Ab"dal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ar. <ets>bad\'c6l</ets>, pl. <ets>abd\'bel</ets>, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. <ets>badala</ets> to change, substitute.]</ety> <def>A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.</def>
<h1>Abderian</h1>
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<hw>Ab*de"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[From <ets>Abdera</ets>, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]</ety> <def>Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.</def>
<h1>Abderite</h1>
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<hw>Ab*de"rite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Abderita</ets>, <ets>Abderites</ets>, fr. Gr. '<?/.]</ety> <def>An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.</def>
<cs><col>The Abderite</col>, <cd>Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abdest</h1>
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<hw>Ab"dest</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Per. <ets>\'bebdast</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> water + <ets>dast</ets> hand.]</ety> <def>Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.</def>
<i>Heyse.</i>
<h1>Abdicable</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*ca*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abdicated.</def>
<h1>Abdicant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>abdicare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by <i>of</i>.</def>
<blockquote>Monks <b>abdicant</b> of their orders.
<i>Whitlock.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abdicant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>
<i>Smart.</i>
<h1>Abdicate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abdicated</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abdicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abdicare</ets>; <ets>ab + dicare</ets> to proclaim, akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the throne, the crown, the papacy</as>.</def>
<note>&hand; The word <i>abdicate</i> was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender.</note>
<blockquote>The cross-bearers <b>abdicated</b> their service.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.</def>
<blockquote>He <b>abdicates</b> all right to be his own governor.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>The understanding <b>abdicates</b> its functions.
<i>Froude.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To reject; to cast off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bp. Hall.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abdicate</er>, <er>Resign</er>. <i>Abdicate</i> commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the government</as>. <i>Resign</i> is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister <i>resigns</i>, a military officer <i>resigns</i>, a clerk <i>resigns</i>. The expression, "The king <i>resigned</i> his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of <i>resign</i> which are not here brought into view.</usage>
<h1>Abdicate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <def>To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity.</def>
<blockquote>Though a king may <b>abdicate</b> for his own person, he cannot <b>abdicate</b> for the monarchy.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abdication</h1>
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<hw>Ab`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abdication</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; <as>as, <ex>abdication</ex> of the throne, government, power, authority</as>.</def>
<h1>Abdicative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*ca*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or implying, abdication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Abdicator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*ca`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abdicates.</def>
<h1>Abditive</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditivus</ets>, fr. <ets>abdere</ets> to hide.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Abditory</h1>
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<hw>Ab"di*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for hiding or preserving articles of value.</def>
<i>Cowell.</i>
<h1>Abdomen</h1>
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<hw>Ab*do"men</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. <ets>abdomen</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Anat.</fld>) <def>The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.</def>
<h1>Abdominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abdominal</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; <as>as, the <ex>abdominal</ex> regions, muscles, cavity</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; <as>as, <ex>abdominal</ex> fishes</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Abdominal ring</col> <fld>(Anat.</fld>)<cd>, a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the <i>pubes<i>; -- called also <altname>inguinal ring</altname>.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abdominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abdominals</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Abdominales</plw></plu>. <def>A fish of the group Abdominales.</def>
<h1>Abdominales</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"les</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., masc. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.</def>
<h1>Abdominalia</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*na"li*a</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., neut. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.</def>
<h1>Abdominoscopy</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abdomen</ets> + Gr. <?/ to examine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.</def>
<h1>Abdominothoracic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.</def>
<h1>Abdominous</h1>
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<hw>Ab*dom"i*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.</def>
<blockquote>Gorgonius sits, <b>abdominous</b> and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
<i>Cowper.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abduce</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abduced</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abducere</ets> to lead away; <ets>ab + ducere</ets> to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Abduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>If we <b>abduce</b> the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate.
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abduct</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duct"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abducted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abductus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abducere</ets>. See <er>Abduce</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.</def>
<h1>Abduction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abduction</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away.</def>
<i>Roget.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; <as>as, the <ex>abduction</ex> of a child, the <ex>abduction</ex> of an heiress</as>.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.</def>
<h1>Abductor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*duc"tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abducts.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; <as>as, the <ex>abductor oculi</ex>, which draws the eye outward</as>.</def>
<h1>Abeam</h1>
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<hw>A*beam"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>beam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.</def>
<h1>Abear</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beberan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets> to bear.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To bear; to behave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>So did the faery knight himself <b>abear</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put up with; to endure.</def> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>
<i>Dickens.</i>
<h1>Abearance</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Blackstone.</i>
<h1>Abearing</h1>
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<hw>A*bear"ing</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Sir. T. More.</i>
<h1>Abecedarian</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abecedarius</ets>. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>One engaged in teaching the alphabet.</def>
<i>Wood.</i>
<h1>Abecedarian, Abecedary</h1>
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<hw><hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw>, <hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary.</def>
<cs><mcol><col>Abecedarian psalms</col>, <col>hymns</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet.</cd></cs>
<i>Hook.</i>
<h1>Abecedary</h1>
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<hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Fuller.</i>
<h1>Abed</h1>
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<hw>A*bed"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> in, on + <ets>bed</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In bed, or on the bed.</def>
<blockquote>Not to be <b>abed</b> after midnight.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To childbed (in the phrase "<i>brought abed</i>," that is, delivered of a child).</def>
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Abegge</h1>
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<hw>A*beg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <def> Same as <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abele</h1>
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<hw>A*bele"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[D. <ets>abeel</ets> (<ets>abeel</ets>-<ets>boom</ets>), OF. <ets>abel</ets>, <ets>aubel</ets>, fr. a dim. of L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>The white polar <spn>(Populus alba)</spn>.</def>
<blockquote>Six <b>abeles</b> i' the churchyard grow.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abelian, Abelite, Abelonian</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bel"i*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A"bel*ite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A`bel*o"ni*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.</def>
<h1>Abelmosk</h1>
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<hw>A"bel*mosk`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL. <ets>abelmoschus</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>abu</ets>-<ets>l</ets>-<ets>misk</ets> father of musk, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., producing musk. See <er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub <spn>(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus</i>)</spn>, of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called <i>musk mallow</i>.</def>
<h1>Ab er-de-vine</h1>
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<hw>Ab` er-de-vine"</hw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.</fld>) <def>The European siskin <spn>(Carduelis spinus)</spn>, a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.</def>
<h1>Aberr</h1>
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<hw>Ab*err"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrare</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wander; to stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<h1>Aberrance, Aberrancy</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab*er"rance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab*er"ran*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <def>State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc.</def>
<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.</fld>), <cd>the deviation of a curve from a circular form.</cd></cs>
<h1>Aberrant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*er"rant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberrans</ets>, <ets>-rantis</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Aberr</er>.] <p><b>1.</b> <def>Wandering; straying from the right way.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.</def>
<blockquote>The more <b>aberrant</b> any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Aberrate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"er*rate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>; <ets>ab + errare</ets> to wander. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>To go astray; to diverge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>Their own defective and <b>aberrating</b> vision.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Aberration</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aberration</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type.</def> "The <i>aberration</i> of youth." <i>Hall</i>. "<i>Aberrations</i> from theory." <i>Burke</i>.
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A partial alienation of reason.</def> "Occasional <i>aberrations</i> of intellect." <i>Lingard</i>.
<blockquote>Whims, which at first are the <b>aberrations</b> of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called <i>annual aberration</i>, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and <i>dairy</i> or <i>diurnal aberration</i>, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. <i>Planetary aberration</i> is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called <i>spherical aberration</i>, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and <i>chromatic aberration</i>, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.</def>
<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.</def>
<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See <er>Insanity</er>.</syn>
<h1>Aberrational</h1>
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<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by aberration.</def>
<h1>Aberuncate</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>aberuncare</ets>, for <ets>aberruncare</ets>. See <er>Averruncate</er>.]</ety> <def>To weed out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Aberuncator</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*run"ca*tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A weeding machine.</def>
<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p.p.</tt> <er>Abetted</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p.pr. & vb.n.</tt> <er>Abetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>beter</ets> to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets> to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets> to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See <er>Bait</er>, <er>Bet</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of persons and acts; <as>as, to <ex>abet</ex> an ill-doer; to <ex>abet</ex> one in his wicked courses; to <ex>abet</ex> vice; to <ex>abet</ex> an insurrection.</as></def> "The whole tribe <i>abets</i> the villany."
<i>South.</i>
<blockquote>Would not the fool <b>abet</b> the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
<i>Gay.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>.
<blockquote>Our duty is urged, and our confidence <b>abetted</b>.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld><def>To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at.</syn>
<h1>Abet</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of abetting; aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abetment</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of abetting; <as>as, an <ex>abetment</ex> of treason, crime, etc.</as></def>
<h1>Abettal</h1>
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<hw>A*bet"tal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abetment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<hr>
<page="4">
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<h1>Abetter, Abettor</h1>
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<hw><hw>A*bet"ter</hw>, <hw>A*bet*tor</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.</def>
<note>&hand; The form <i>abettor</i> is the legal term and also in general use.</note>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abettor</er>, <er>Accessory</er>, <er>Accomplice</er>.</syn> <usage> These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An <i>abettor</i> is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An <i>accessory</i> supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but <i>accedes</i> to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an <i>accessory</i>. An <i>accomplice</i> is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no <i>abettors</i> or <i>accessories</i>, but all are held to be principals or <i>accomplices</i>.</usage>
<h1>Abevacuation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>evacuation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A partial evacuation.</def>
<i>Mayne.</i>
<h1>Abeyance</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OF. <ets>abeance</ets> expectation, longing; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>baer</ets>, <ets>beer</ets>, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. <ets>bayer</ets>, LL. <ets>badare</ets> to gape.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.</def>
<note>&hand; When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in <i>abeyance</i>, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears.</note>
<i>Blackstone.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suspension; temporary suppression.</def>
<blockquote>Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of <b>abeyance</b>.
<i>De Quincey.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abeyancy</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"an*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abeyance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Hawthorne.</i>
<h1>Abeyant</h1>
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<hw>A*bey"ant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Being in a state of abeyance.</def>
<h1>Abhal</h1>
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<hw>Ab"hal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.</def>
<h1>Abhominable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abominable.</def> <note>[A false orthography anciently used; <i>h</i> was foisted into various words; hence <i>abholish</i>, for <i>abolish</i>, etc.]</note>
<blockquote>This is <b>abhominable</b>, which he [Don Armado] would call <b>abominable</b>.
<i>Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abhominal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hom`i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> away from + <ets>homo</ets>, <ets>hominis</ets>, man.]</ety> <def>Inhuman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Fuller.</i>
<h1>Abhor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abhorred</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abhorring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorrere</ets>; <ets>ab + horrere</ets> to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F. <ets>abhorrer</ets>. See <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe.</def>
<blockquote><b>Abhor</b> that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.
<i>Rom. xii. 9.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To fill with horror or disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>It doth <b>abhor</b> me now I speak the word.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>To protest against; to reject solemnly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>I utterly <b>abhor</b>, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abhor</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; -- with</def> <i>from</i>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "To <i>abhor</i> from those vices."
<i>Udall.</i>
<blockquote>Which is utterly <b>abhorring</b> from the end of all law.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abhorrence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.</def>
<h1>Abhorrency</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"ren*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abhorrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Locke.</i>
<h1>Abhorrent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*hor"rent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorens</ets>, <ets>-rentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abhorrere</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; <as>as, <ex>abhorrent</ex> thoughts</as>.</def>
<blockquote>The persons most <b>abhorrent</b> from blood and treason.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn <b>abhorrent</b>.
<i>Clover.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by <i>to</i>.</def> "Injudicious profanation, so <i>abhorrent</i> to our stricter principles."
<i>Gibbon.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Detestable.</def> "Pride, <i>abhorrent</i> as it is."
<i>I. Taylor.</i>
<h1>Abhorrently</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*hor"rent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abhorrence.</def>
<h1>Abhorrer</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*hor"rer</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abhors.</def>
<i>Hume.</i>
<h1>Abhorrible</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*hor"ri*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Detestable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abhorring</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*hor"ring</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Detestation.</def>
<i>Milton.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Object of abhorrence.</def>
<i>Isa. lxvi. 24.</i>
<h1>Abib</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A"bib</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb. <ets>ab\'c6b</ets>, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.]</ety> <def>The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called <i>Nisan</i>.</def>
<i>Kitto.</i>
<h1>Abidance</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bid"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (<i>with</i>).</def>
<blockquote>The Christians had no longer <b>abidance</b> in the holy hill of Palestine.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>A judicious <b>abidance</b> by rules.
<i>Helps.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abide</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bide"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abode</er> <tt>(#)</tt>, formerly <er>Abid</er><tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abiding</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'beb\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>b\'c6dan</ets> to bide. See <er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait; to pause; to delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with <i>with</i> before a person, and commonly with <i>at</i> or <i>in</i> before a place.</def>
<blockquote>Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
<i>Gen. xxiv. 55.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain.</def>
<blockquote>Let every man <b>abide</b> in the same calling.
<i>1 Cor. vii. 20.</i></blockquote>
<cs>Followed by <it>by</it>: <col>To abide by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.</cd>
<blockquote>The poor fellow was obstinate enough <b>to abide by</b> what he said at first.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>
<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To acquiesce; to conform to; as, <i>to abide by</i> a decision or an award.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abide</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bide"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; <as>as, I <ex>abide</ex> my time</as>.</def> "I will <i>abide</i> the coming of my lord."
<i>Tennyson.</i>
<note>[[Obs.], with a <i>personal</i> object.</note>
<blockquote>Bonds and afflictions <b>abide</b> me.
<i>Acts xx. 23.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To endure; to sustain; to submit to.</def>
<blockquote>[Thou] shalt <b>abide</b> her judgment on it.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.</def>
<blockquote>She could not <b>abide</b> Master Shallow.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <note>[Confused with <i>aby</i> to pay for. See <er>Aby</er>.]</note> <def>To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.</def>
<blockquote>Dearly I <b>abide</b> that boast so vain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abider</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bid"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abides, or continues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Speedy goers and strong <i>abiders</i>."
<i>Sidney.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>One who dwells; a resident.</def>
<i>Speed.</i>
<h1>Abiding</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bid"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Continuing; lasting.</def>
<h1>Abidingly</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bid"ing*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Permanently.</def>
<i>Carlyle.</i>
<h1>Abies</h1>
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<hw>A"bi*es</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., fir tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.</def>
<h1>Abietene</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"i*e*tene</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abies</ets>, <ets>abietis</ets>, a fir tree.]</ety> <def>A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine <spn>(Pinus sabiniana)</spn> of California.</def>
<h1>Abietic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*et"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; <as>as, <ex>abietic</ex> acid, called also <ex>sylvic</ex> acid</as>.</def>
<i>Watts.</i>
<h1>Abietin, Abietine</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw><hw>Ab"i*e*tin</hw>, <hw>Ab"i*e*tine</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abietene</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.</def>
<i>Watts.</i>
<h1>Abietinic</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*e*tin"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to abietin; <as>as, <ex>abietinic</ex> acid</as>.</def>
<h1>Abietite</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"i*e*tite</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe <spn>(Abies pectinata)</spn>.</def>
<i>Eng. Cyc.</i>
<h1>Abigail</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"i*gail</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[The proper name used as an appellative.]</ety> <def>A lady's waiting-maid.</def>
<i>Pepys.</i>
<blockquote>Her <b>abigail</b> reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in.
<i>Leslie.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abiliment</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bil"i*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Ability</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abilities</plw><tt>(#)</tt>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>habilet\'82</ets>, earlier spelling <ets>habilit\'82</ets> (with silent <ets>h</ets>), L. <ets>habilitas</ets> aptitude, ability, fr. <ets>habilis</ets> apt. See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the <i>plural</i>, faculty, talent.</def>
<blockquote>Then the disciples, every man according to his <b>ability</b>, determined to send relief unto the brethren.
<i>Acts xi. 29.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Natural <b>abilities</b> are like natural plants, that need pruning by study.
<i>Bacon.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of <b>ability</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.</syn> <usage> <er>Ability</er>, <er>Capacity</er>. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. <i>Ability</i> has reference to the <i>active</i> exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the <i>ability</i> with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be <i>done</i>, and the power of <i>doing</i> it. <i>Capacity</i> has reference to the <i>receptive</i> powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of <i>resources</i> and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary <i>capacity</i> of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "<i>Capacity</i>," says H. Taylor, "is requisite to devise, and <i>ability</i> to execute, a great enterprise." The word <i>abilities</i>, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.</usage>
<mhw><h1>Abime or Abyme</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bime"</hw> or <hw>A*byme"</hw></mhw> (#), <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ab\'8cme</ets>. See <er>Abysm</er>.]</ety> <def>A abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abiogenesis</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life + <?/, origin, birth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also <altname>abiogeny</altname>, and opposed to <contr>biogenesis</contr>.</def>
<blockquote>I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of <b>abiogenesis</b>.
<i>Huxley, 1870.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abiogenetic</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<h1>Abiogenist</h1>
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<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent.</def>
<i>Huxley.</i>
<h1>Abiogenous</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced by spontaneous generation.</def>
<h1>Abiogeny</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*og"e*ny</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>
<h1>Abiological</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>biological</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.</def>
<h1>Abirritant</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that diminishes irritation.</def>
<h1>Abirritate</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>irritate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.</def>
<h1>Abirritation</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.</def>
<h1>Abirritative</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by abirritation or debility.</def>
<h1>Abit</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>A*bit"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<def> 3d sing. pres. of <er>Abide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjicere</ets> to throw away; <ets>ab + jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting forth.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Cast down; low-lying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
<b>Abject</b> and lost lay these, covering the flood.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; <as>as, <ex>abject</ex> posture, fortune, thoughts</as>.</def> "Base and <i>abject</i> flatterers." <i>Addison</i>. "An <i>abject</i> liar." <i>Macaulay</i>.
<blockquote>And banish hence these <b>abject</b>, lowly dreams.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.</syn>
<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ject"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From <er>Abject</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <def>To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Donne.</i>
<h1>Abject</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>Shall these <b>abjects</b>, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abjectedness</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ject"ed*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A very abject or low condition; abjectness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i> Boyle.</i>
<h1>Abjection</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*jec"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abjection</ets>, L. <ets>abjectio</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of bringing down or humbling.</def> "The <i>abjection</i> of the king and his realm."
<i>Joe.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being rejected or cast out.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>An <b>adjection</b> from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation.</def>
<blockquote>That this should be termed baseness, <b>abjection</b> of mind, or servility, is it credible?
<i>Hooker.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abjectly</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"ject*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Meanly; servilely.</def>
<h1>Abjectness</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"ject*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.</def>
<i>Grew.</i>
<h1>Abjudge</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*judge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>, v. Cf. <er>Abjudicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by judicial decision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abjudicate</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ju"di*cate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjudicare</ets>; <ets>ab + judicare</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, and cf. <er>Abjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Ash.</i>
<h1>Abjudication</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Rejection by judicial sentence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Knowles.</i>
<h1>Abjugate</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab"ju*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjugare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To unyoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Abjunctive</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*junc"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjungere</ets>; <ets>ab + jungere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Exceptional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>It is this power which leads on from the accidental and <b>abjunctive</b> to the universal.
<i>I. Taylor.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abjuration</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`ju*ra"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abjuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abjuration</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; <as>as, <ex>abjuration</ex> of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A solemn recantation or renunciation; <as>as, an <ex>abjuration</ex> of heresy</as>.</def>
<cs><col>Oath of abjuration</col>, <cd>an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender.</cd></cs>
<i>Brande & C.</i>
<h1>Abjuratory</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Containing abjuration.</def>
<h1>Abjure</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*jure"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abjured</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abjuring</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abjurare</ets> to deny upon oath; <ets>ab + jurare</ets> to swear, fr. <ets>jus</ets>, <ets>juris</ets>, right, law; cf. F. <ets>abjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> allegiance to a prince</as>. <i>To abjure the realm</i>, is to swear to abandon it forever.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> errors</as>.</def> "Magic I here <i>abjure</i>."
<i>Shak.</i>
<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abjure</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*jure"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To renounce on oath.</def>
<i>Bp. Burnet.</i>
<h1>Abjurement</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*jure"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Renunciation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abjurer</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*jur"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abjures.</def>
<h1>Ablactate</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*lac"tate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablactatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablactare</ets>; <ets>ab + lactare</ets> to suckle, fr. <ets>lac</ets> milk.]</ety> <def>To wean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Ablactation</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`lac*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam.</def>
<i>Blount.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The process of grafting now called <i>inarching</i>, or <i>grafting by approach</i>.</def>
<h1>Ablaqueate</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*la"que*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatus</ets>, p. p. of. <ets>ablaqueare</ets>; fr. <ets>ab + laqueus</ets> a noose.]</ety> <def>To lay bare, as the roots of a tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Ablaqueation</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*la`que*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablaqueatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Evelyn.</i>
<h1>Ablastemic</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab`las*tem"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Non-germinal.</def>
<h1>Ablation</h1>
<Xpage=4>
<hw>Ab*la"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ablatus</ets> p. p. of <ets>auferre</ets> to carry away; <ets>ab + latus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ferre</ets> carry: cf. F. <ets>ablation</ets>. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A carrying or taking away; removal.</def>
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extirpation.</def>
<i>Dunglison.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Wearing away; superficial waste.</def>
<i>Tyndall.</i>
<h1>Ablatitious</h1>
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<hw>Ab`la*ti"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Diminishing; <as>as, an <ex>ablatitious</ex> force</as>.</def>
<i>Sir J. Herschel.</i>
<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>ablatif</ets>, <ets>ablative</ets>, L. <ets>ablativus</ets> fr. <ets>ablatus</ets>. See <er>Ablation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Taking away or removing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, <b>ablative</b> directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.
<i>Bp. Hall.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being <i>removal</i>, <i>separation</i>, or <i>taking away</i>.</def>
<h1>Ablative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw>, <fld>(Gram.</fld>) <def>The ablative case.</def>
<cs><col>ablative absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, <i>Tarquinio regnante<i>, Pythagoras venit, <i>i. e.<i>, Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.</cd></cs>
<h1>Ablaut</h1>
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<hw>Ab"laut</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., off-sound; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>laut</ets> sound.]</ety> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; <as>as, <ex>get</ex>, <ex>gat</ex>, <ex>got</ex>; <ex>sing</ex>, <ex>song</ex>; <ex>hang</ex>, <ex>hung</ex>.</as></def>
<i>Earle.</i>
<-- p. 5 -->
<h1>Ablaze</h1>
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<hw>A*blaze"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blaze</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On fire; in a blaze, gleaming.</def>
<i>Milman.</i>
<blockquote>All <b>ablaze</b> with crimson and gold.
<i>Longfellow.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire.</def>
<blockquote>The young Cambridge democrats were all <b>ablaze</b> to assist Torrijos.
<i>Carlyle.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>Comp.</tt> <er>Abler</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>superl.</tt> <er>Ablest</er> <tt>(#)</tt>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets> that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. <ets>habere</ets> to have, hold. Cf. <er>Habile</er> and see <er>Habit</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Fit; adapted; suitable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>A many man, to ben an abbot <b>able</b>.
<i>Chaucer.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; <as>as, an <ex>able</ex> workman, soldier, seaman, a man <ex>able</ex> to work; a mind <ex>able</ex> to reason; a person <ex>able</ex> to be generous; <ex>able</ex> to endure pain; <ex>able</ex> to play on a piano.</as></def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; <as>as, the <ex>ablest</ex> man in the senate; an <ex>able</ex> speech.</as></def>
<blockquote>No man wrote <b>abler</b> state papers.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; <as>as, <ex>able</ex> to inherit or devise property</as>.</def>
<note><col>Able for</col>, is Scotticism. <blockquote>"Hardly <b>able for</b> such a march."
<i>Robertson.</i></note>
<syn>Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.</syn>
<h1>Able</h1>
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<hw>A"ble</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make able; to enable; to strengthen.</def>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To vouch for.</def> "I 'll <i>able</i> them."
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>able</h1>
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<hw>*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>. <ety>[F. -<ets>able</ets>, L. -<ets>abilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; <as>as, mov<ex>able</ex>, able to be moved; amend<ex>able</ex>, able to be amended; blam<ex>able</ex>, fit to be blamed; sal<ex>able</ex>.</as></def>
<note>The form <wordforms><wf>ible<wf></wordforms> is used in the same sense.</note>
<note>&hand; It is difficult to say when we are not to use -<i>able</i> instead of -<i>ible</i>. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -<i>able</i> only."</note>
<i>Fitzed. Hall.</i>
<h1>Able-bodied</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-bod"ied</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.</def> "<i>Able</i>-<i>bodied</i> vagrant." <i>Froude</i>. -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-bod"ied*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt>.</wordforms>
<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablegare</ets>; <ets>ab + legare</ets> to send with a commission. See <er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To send abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Ablegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.</def>
<h1>Ablegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`le*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablegatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sending abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>
<h1>Able-minded</h1>
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<hw>A`ble-mind"ed</hw> (#), <tt>a.</tt> <def>Having much intellectual power.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt></wordforms>
<h1>Ableness</h1>
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<hw>A"ble*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Ability of body or mind; force; vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>
<h1>Ablepsy</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lep*sy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to see.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Urquhart.</i>
<h1>Abler</h1>
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<hw>A"bler</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def> <tt>comp.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>A"blest</wf> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt>, <def><tt>superl.</tt> of <er>Able</er>.</def></wordforms>
<mhw><h1>Ablet, Ablen</h1>
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<hw>Ab"let</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab"len</hw></mhw> <ety>[F. <ets>ablet</ets>, <ets>ablette</ets>, a dim. fr. LL. <ets>abula</ets>, for <ets>albula</ets>, dim. of <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Abele</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>; the bleak.</def>
<h1>Abligate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"li*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + ligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ligare</ets> to tie.]</ety> <def>To tie up so as to hinder from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abligurition</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lig`u*ri"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abligurito</ets>, fr. <ets>abligurire</ets> to spend in luxurious indulgence; <ets>ab + ligurire</ets> to be lickerish, dainty, fr. <ets>lingere</ets> to lick.]</ety> <def>Prodigal expense for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Ablins</h1>
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<hw>A"blins</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>
<h1>Abloom</h1>
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<hw>A*bloom"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>bloom</ets>.]</ety> <def>In or into bloom; in a blooming state.</def>
<i>Masson.</i>
<h1>Ablude</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lude"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abludere</ets>; <ets>ab + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To be unlike; to differ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bp. Hall.</i>
<h1>Abluent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"lu*ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abluens</ets>, p. pr. of. <ets>abluere</ets> to wash away; <ets>ab + luere</ets> (<ets>lavere</ets>, <ets>lavare</ets>). See <er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <def>Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent.</def> -- <wordforms><tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A detergent.</def></wordforms>
<h1>Ablush</h1>
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<hw>A*blush"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blushing; ruddy.</def>
<h1>Ablution</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu`tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ablutio</ets>, fr. <ets>abluere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ablution</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The water used in cleansing.</def> "Cast the <i>ablutions</i> in the main."
<i>Pope.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.</def>
<h1>Ablutionary</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to ablution.</def>
<h1>Abluvion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*lu"vi*on</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abluvio</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which is washed off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Dwight.</i>
<h1>Ably</h1>
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<hw>A"bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an able manner; with great ability; <as>as, <ex>ably</ex> done, planned, said</as>.</def>
<h1>-ably</h1>
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<hw>-a*bly</hw><tt>(#)</tt>. <def>A suffix composed of <it>-able</it> and the adverbial suffix <it>-ly</it>; <as>as, <it>favorably</it></as></def>.
<h1>Abnegate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abnegated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abnegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatus</ets>,p. p. of <ets>abnegare</ets>; <ets>ab + negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny and reject; to abjure.</def>
<i>Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.</i>
<h1>Abnegation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ne*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abn\'82gation</ets>.]</ety> <def>a denial; a renunciation.</def>
<blockquote>With <b>abnegation</b> of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
<i>Knox.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abnegative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnegativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denying; renouncing; negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Clarke.</i>
<h1>Abnegator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ne*ga`tor</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> [L.] <def>One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abnet</h1>
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<hw>Ab"net</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Heb.]</ety> <def>The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.</def>
<h1>Abnodate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"no*date</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abnodare</ets>; <ets>ab + nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <def>To clear (tress) from knots.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Blount.</i>
<h1>Abnodation</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>Ab`no*da"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of cutting away the knots of trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Crabb.</i>
<h1>Abnormal</h1>
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<hw>Ab*nor"mal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[For earlier <ets>anormal</ets>.F. <ets>anormal</ets>, LL. <ets>anormalus</ets> for <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Confused with L. <ets>abnormis</ets>. See <er>Anomalous</er>, <er>Abnormous</er>, <er>Anormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular.</def> "That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. "
<i>Froude.</i>
<h1>Abnormality</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>Ab`nor*mal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormalities</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity.</def>
<i>Darwin.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Something abnormal.</def>
<h1>Abnormally</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>Ab*nor"mal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abnormal manner; irregularly.</def>
<i>Darwin.</i>
<h1>Abnormity</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>Ab*nor"mi*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abnormities</plw> <tt>(#)</plu></tt>. <ety>[LL. <ets>abnormitas</ets>. See <er>Abnormous</er>.]</ety> <def>Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity.</def> "An <i>abnormity</i> . . . like a calf born with two heads."
<i>Mrs. Whitney.</i>
<h1>Abnormous</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>Ab*nor"mous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abnormis</ets>; <ets>ab + norma</ets> rule. See <er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Abnormal; irregular.</def>
<i>Hallam.</i>
<blockquote>A character of a more <b>abnormous</b> cast than his equally suspected coadjutor.
<i>State Trials.</i>
<h1>Aboard</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*board"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> on, in + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>
<def> On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Alongside; <as>as, close <ex>aboard</ex></as>.</def>
<cs><fld>Naut.</fld>: <col>To fall aboard of</col>, <cd>to strike a ship's side; to fall foul of.</cd> -- <col>To haul the tacks aboard</col>, <cd>to set the courses.</cd> -- <col>To keep the land aboard</col>, <cd>to hug the shore.</cd> -- <col>To lay (a ship) aboard</col>, <cd>to place one's own ship close alongside of (a ship) for fighting.</cd></cs>
<h1>Aboard</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*board"</hw>, <tt>prep.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On board of; <as>as, to go <ex>aboard</ex> a ship</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Across; athwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>Nor iron bands <b>aboard</b>
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abodance</h1>
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<hw>A*bod"ance</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>.]</ety> <def>An omen; a portending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abode</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bode"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>pret.</tt> <def>of <er>Abide</er>.</def>
<h1>Abode</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abad</ets>, <ets>abood</ets>, fr. <ets>abiden</ets> to abide. See <er>Abide</er>. For the change of vowel, cf. <ets>abode</ets>, imp. of <ets>abide</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Act of waiting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Shak.</i>
<blockquote>And with her fled away without <b>abode</b>.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.</def>
<blockquote>He waxeth at your <b>abode</b> here.
<i>Fielding.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.</def>
<blockquote>Come, let me lead you to our poor <b>abode</b>.
<i>Wordsworth.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abode</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>, <tt>v. t.</tt>]</ety> <def>An omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true <b>abodes</b>.
<i>Chapman.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abode</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To bode; to foreshow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Abode</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To be ominous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Dryden.</i>
<h1>Abodement</h1>
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<hw>A*bode"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding; an omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Abodements</i> must not now affright us."
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Aboding</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bod"ing</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abolish</h1>
<Xpage=5>
<hw>A*bol"ish</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abolished</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abolishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abolir</ets>, L. <ets>abolere</ets>, <ets>aboletum</ets>; <ets>ab + olere</ets> to grow. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>abolish</ex> slavery, to <ex>abolish</ex> folly</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>
<blockquote>And with thy blood <b>abolish</b> so reproachful blot.
<i>Spenser.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to <b>abolish</b> him.
<i>Tennyson.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abolish</er>, <er>Repeal</er>, <er>Abrogate</er>, <er>Revoke</er>, <er>Annul</er>, <er>Nullify</er>, <er>Cancel</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. <i>Abolish</i> applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to <i>abolish</i> monopolies, serfdom, slavery. <i>Repeal</i> describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. <i>Abrogate</i> was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to <i>their</i> act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. <i>Revoke</i> denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to <i>revoke</i> a decree, to <i>revoke</i> a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the <i>revocation</i> of the Edict of Nantes. <i>Annul</i> is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to <i>annul</i> a contract, to <i>annul</i> an agreement. <i>Nullify</i> is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to <i>nullify</i> an act of Congress. <i>Cancel</i> is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force.</usage>
<h1>Abolishable</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being abolished.</def>
<h1>Abolisher</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abolishes.</def>
<h1>Abolishment</h1>
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<hw>A*bol"ish*ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abolissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction.</def>
<i>Hooker.</i>
<h1>Abolition</h1>
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<hw>Ab"o*li"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>abolere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abolition</ets>. See <er>Abolish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; <as>as, the <ex>abolition</ex> of slavery or the slave trade; the <ex>abolition</ex> of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.</as></def>
<note>&hand; The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete</note>
<h1>Abolitionism</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The principles or measures of abolitionists.</def>
<i>Wilberforce.</i>
<h1>Abolitionist</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.</def>
<h1>Abolitionize</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*li`tion*ize</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To imbue with the principles of abolitionism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Bartlett.</i>
<h1>Aboma</h1>
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<hw>A*bo"ma</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American serpent (<spn>Boa aboma</spn>).</def>
<h1>Abomasum, Abomasus</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab`o*ma"sum</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>Ab`o*ma"sus</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>,<hw> <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>omasum</ets> (a Celtic word.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach <i>omasum</i>. See <er>Ruminantia</er>.</def>
<h1>Abominable</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abominable</ets>. L. <ets>abominalis</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<note>&hand; Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.], "a<i>bomynable</i> syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company of friars."</note>
<i>G. P. Marsh.</i>
<h1>Abominableness</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness.</def>
<i>Bentley.</i>
<h1>Abominably</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*na*bly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.</def>
<h1>Abominate</h1>
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<hw>A*bom"i*nate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abominated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abominatus</ets>, p. p. or <ets>abominari</ets> to deprecate as ominous, to abhor, to curse; <ets>ab + omen</ets> a foreboding. See <er>Omen</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; <as>as, to <ex>abominate</ex> all impiety</as>.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See <er>Hate</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abomination</h1>
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<hw>A*bom`i*na"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abominacioun</ets>, <ets>-cion</ets>, F. <ets>abominatio</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; <as>as, he holds tobacco in <ex>abomination</ex></as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.</def>
<blockquote>Antony, most large in his <b>abominations</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>A cause of pollution or wickedness.</def>
<syn>Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.</syn>
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i>
<h1>Aboon</h1>
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<hw>A*boon"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <def>and <i>adv</i>. Above.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>
<blockquote><b>Aboon</b> the pass of Bally-Brough.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>The ceiling fair that rose <b>aboon</b>.
<i>J. R. Drake.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Aboral</h1>
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<hw>Ab*o"ral</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets>. + E. <ets>oral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.</def>
<h1>Abord</h1>
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<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Manner of approaching or accosting; address.</def>
<i>Chesterfield.</i>
<h1>Abord</h1>
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<hw>A*bord"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>, <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>bord</ets> rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See <er>Border</er>, <er>Board</er>.]</ety> <def>To approach; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Digby.</i>
<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Aborigines</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; <as>as, the <ex>aboriginal</ex> tribes of America</as>.</def> "Mantled o'er with <i>aboriginal</i> turf."
<i>Wordsworth.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Of or pertaining to aborigines; <as>as, a Hindoo of <ex>aboriginal</ex> blood</as>.</def>
<h1>Aboriginal</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>An animal or a plant native to the region.</def>
<blockquote>It may well be doubted whether this frog is an <b>aboriginal</b> of these islands.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Aboriginality</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being aboriginal.</def>
<i>Westm. Rev.</i>
<h1>Aboriginally</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Primarily.</def>
<h1>Aboriginess</h1>
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<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>Aborigines</ets>; <ets>ab + origo</ets>, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (<ets>ab origine</ets>) inhabited Latium or Italy. See <er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The original fauna and flora of a geographical area</def>
<h1>Aborsement</h1>
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<hw>A*borse"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortment; abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bp. Hall.</i>
<h1>Aborsive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Abortive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Fuller.</i>
<h1>Abort</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortare</ets>, fr. <ets>abortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aboriri</ets>; <ets>ab + oriri</ets> to rise, to be born. See <er>Orient</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.</def>
<h1>Abort</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An untimely birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Sir H. Wotton.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>An aborted offspring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Holland.</i>
<h1>Aborted</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"ed</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Brought forth prematurely.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; <as>as, spines are <ex>aborted</ex> branches</as>.</def>
<blockquote>The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less <b>aborted</b> in their mature state.
<i>Owen.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Aborticide</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"ti*cide</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus + caedere</ets> to kill. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.</def>
<h1>Abortifacient</h1>
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<hw>A*bor`ti*fa"cient</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets> (see <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.) + <ets>faciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing miscarriage.</def> -- <tt>n.</tt> <def>A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.</def>
<h1>Abortion</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortio</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage.</def>
<note>&hand; It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the <i>abortion</i>, "causing or procuring <i>abortion</i>" is the full name of the offense.</note>
<i>Abbott.</i>
<hr>
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<p><b>2.</b> <def>The immature product of an untimely birth.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; <as>as, his attempt</as>. proved an <i>abortiori</i>.</def>
<h1>Abortional</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.</def>
<i>Carlyle.</i>
<h1>Abortionist</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tion*ist</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who procures abortion or miscarriage.</def>
<h1>Abortive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Produced by abortion; born prematurely; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> child</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Made from the skin of a still-born animal; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> vellum</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Plunged in that <i>abortive</i> gulf."
<i>Milton.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> attempt</as>.</def> "An <i>abortive</i> enterprise."
<i>Prescott.</i>
<p><b>5.</b> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> organ, stamen, ovule, etc.</as></def>
<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Causing abortion; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> medicines</as>.</def> <i>Parr</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cutting short; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> treatment of typhoid fever</as>.</def>
<h1>Abortive</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Shak.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A fruitless effort or issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion.</def><-- now usu. abortifacient. -->
<i>Dunglison.</i>
<h1>Abortively</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.</def>
<h1>Abortiveness</h1>
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<hw>A*bor"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abortive.</def>
<h1>Abortment</h1>
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<hw>A*bort"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abought</h1>
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<hw>A*bought"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <def>of <er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abound</h1>
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<hw>A*bound"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abounded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abounden</ets>, F. <ets>abonder</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abundare</ets> to overflow, abound; <ets>ab + unda</ets> wave. Cf. <er>Undulate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.</def>
<blockquote>The wild boar which <b>abounds</b> in some parts of the continent of Europe.
<i>Chambers.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Where sin <b>abounded</b> grace did much more <b>abound</b>.
<i>Rom. v. 20.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To be copiously supplied; -- followed by <i>in</i> or <i>with</i>.</def>
<cs><col>To abound in</col>, <cd>to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by.</cd> -- <col>To abound with</col>, <cd>to be filled with; to possess in great numbers.</cd></cs>
<blockquote>Men <b>abounding in</b> natural courage.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>A faithful man shall <b>abound with</b> blessings.
<i>Prov. xxviii. 20.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>It <b>abounds with</b> cabinets of curiosities.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<h1>About</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>aboute</ets>, <ets>abouten</ets>, <ets>abuten</ets>; AS. <ets>\'bebutan</ets>, <ets>onbutan</ets>; <ets>on + butan</ets>, which is from <ets>be</ets> by + u<ets>tan</ets> outward, from <ets>ut</ets> out. See <er>But</er>, <er>Out</er>.]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>Around; all round; on every side of.</def> "Look <i>about</i> you." <i>Shak</i>. "Bind them <i>about</i> thy neck." <i>Prov. iii. 3</i>.
<p><b>2.</b> <def>In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person).</def> "Have you much money <i>about</i> you?"
<i>Bulwer.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout.</def>
<blockquote>Lampoons . . . were handed <b>about</b> the coffeehouses.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Roving still <b>about</b> the world.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size, quantity.</def> "To-morrow, <i>about</i> this time." <i>Exod. ix. 18</i>. "<i>About</i> my stature." <i>Shak</i>.
<blockquote>He went out <b>about</b> the third hour.
<i>Matt. xx. 3.</i></blockquote>
<note>&hand; This use passes into the adverbial sense.</note>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>In concern with; engaged in; intent on.</def>
<blockquote>I must be <b>about</b> my Father's business.
<i>Luke ii. 49.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>6.</b> <mark>Before a verbal noun or an infinitive</mark>: <def>On the point or verge of; going; in act of.</def>
<blockquote>Paul was now <b>about</b>to open his mouth.
<i>Acts xviii. 14.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>7.</b> <def>Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching.</def> "To treat <i>about</i> thy ransom."
<i>Milton.</i>
<blockquote>She must have her way <b>about</b> Sarah.
<i>Trollope.</i></blockquote>
<h1>About</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>On all sides; around.</def>
<blockquote>'Tis time to look <b>about</b>.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; <as>as, a mile <ex>about</ex>, and a third of a mile across</as>.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Here and there; around; in one place and another.</def>
<blockquote>Wandering <b>about</b> from house to house.
<i>1 Tim. v. 13.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; <as>as, <ex>about</ex> as cold; <ex>about</ex> as high</as>; -- also of quantity, number, time.</def> "There fell . . . <i>about</i> three thousand men."
<i>Exod. xxii. 28.</i>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; <as>as, to face <ex>about</ex>; to turn one's self <ex>about</ex>.</as></def>
<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to cause to take place; to accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To come about</col>, <cd>to occur; to take place. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go about</col>, <col>To set about</col></mcol>, <cd>to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. "Shall we <i>set about<i> some revels?</cd> <i>Shak</i>. -- <col>Round about</col>, <cd>in every direction around.</cd></cs>
<h1>About-sledge</h1>
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<hw>A*bout"-sledge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The largest hammer used by smiths.</def>
<i>Weale.</i>
<h1>Above</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>prep.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>above</ets>, <ets>aboven</ets>, <ets>abuffe</ets>, AS. <ets>abufon</ets>; <ets>an</ets> (or <ets>on</ets>) on + <ets>be</ets> by + <ets>ufan</ets> upward; cf. Goth. <ets>uf</ets> under. \'fb199. See <er>Over</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; -- opposed to <i>below</i> or <i>beneath</i>.</def>
<blockquote>Fowl that may fly <b>above</b> the earth.
<i>Gen. i. 20.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; <as>as, things <ex>above</ex> comprehension; <ex>above</ex> mean actions; conduct <ex>above</ex> reproach.</as></def> "Thy worth . . . is actions <i>above</i> my gifts."
<i>Marlowe.</i>
<blockquote>I saw in the way a light from heaven <b>above</b> the brightness of the sun.
<i>Acts xxxvi. 13.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> a hundred</as>. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See <er>Above</er>, <tt>adv.</tt>, 4.)</def>
<cs><col>above all</col>, <cd>before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things.</cd></cs>
<cs><col>Over and above</col>, <tt>prep. or adv.</tt>, <cd>besides; in addition to.</cd></cs>
<h1>Above</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; <as>as, the clouds <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page.</def> "That was said <i>above</i>."
<i>Dryden.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Higher in rank or power; <as>as, he appealed to the court <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>More than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> five hundred were present</as>.</def>
<note><i>Above</i> is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word <i>mentioned</i>, <i>quoted</i>, or the like; as, the <i>above</i> observations, the <i>above</i> reference, the <i>above</i> articles. -- <i>Above</i> is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from <i>above</i>."
<i>Josh. iii. 13.</i>
It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of <i>before</i>, <i>previously</i>; as, <i>above</i>-cited, <i>above</i>-described, <i>above</i>-mentioned, <i>above</i>-named, <i>above</i>said, <i>above</i>specified, <i>above</i>-written, <i>above</i>-given.</note>
<h1>Aboveboard</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"board`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception.</def> "Fair and <i>aboveboard</i>."
<i>Burke.</i>
<note>&hand; This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.</note>
<h1>Above-cited</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"-cit`ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.</def>
<h1>Abovedeck</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"deck`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>On deck; and hence, like <i>aboveboard</i>, without artifice.</def>
<i>Smart.</i>
<mhw><h1>Above-mentioned, Above-named</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"-men`tioned</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <hw>A*bove"-named`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.</def>
<h1>Abovesaid</h1>
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<hw>A*bove"said`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Mentioned or recited before.</def>
<h1>Abox</h1>
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<hw>A*box"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv. & a.</tt> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Braced aback.</def>
<h1>Abracadabra</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.</def>
<h1>Abradant</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"dant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.</def>
<h1>Abrade</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abraded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abradere</ets>, <ets>abrasum</ets>, to scrape off; <ets>ab + radere</ets> to scrape. See <er>Rase</er>, <er>Raze</er>.]</ety> <def>To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; <as>as, to <ex>abrade</ex> rocks</as>.</def>
<i>Lyell.</i>
<h1>Abrade</h1>
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<hw>A*brade"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>Same as <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abrahamic</h1>
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<hw>A`bra*ham"ic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; <as>as, the <ex>Abrachamic</ex> covenant</as>.</def>
<mhw><h1>Abrahamitic, ical</h1>
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<hw>A`bra*ham*it"ic</hw>, <hw>*ic*al</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Relating to the patriarch Abraham.</def>
<mhw><h1>Abraham-man <i>or</i> Abram-man</h1>
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<hw>A"bra*ham-man`</hw><tt>(#)</tt> <i>or</i> <hw>A"bram-man`</hw></mhw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. <i>Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).</i>]</ety> <def> One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.</def>
<i>Nares.</i>
<cs><col>To sham Abraham</col>, <cd>to feign sickness.</cd></cs>
<i>Goldsmith.</i>
<h1>Abraid</h1>
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<hw>A*braid"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t. & i.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abraiden</ets>, to awake, draw (a sword), AS. <ets>\'bebredgan</ets> to shake, draw; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bregdan</ets> to shake, throw. See <er>Braid</er>.]</ety> <def>To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abranchial</h1>
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<hw>A*bran"chi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Abranchiate.</def>
<h1>Abranchiata</h1>
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<hw>A*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n. pl.</tt> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, pl., the gills of fishes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.</def>
<h1>Abranchiate</h1>
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<hw>A*bran"chi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without gills.</def>
<h1>Abrase</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rase"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <def>Rubbed smooth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "An <i>abrase</i> table."
<i>B. Jonson.</i>
<h1>Abrasion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrasio</ets>, fr. <ets>abradere</ets>. See <er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; <as>as, the <ex>abrasion</ex> of coins</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The substance rubbed off.</def>
<i>Berkeley.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.</def>
<i>Dunglison.</i>
<h1>Abrasive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ra"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Producing abrasion.</def>
<i>Ure.</i>
<mhw><h1>Abraum or Abraum salts</h1>
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<hw>A*braum"</hw> or <hw>A*braum" salts</hw> <tt>(#)</tt></mhw>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Ger., fr. <ets>abr\'84umen</ets> to remove.]</ety> <def>A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.</def>
<h1>Abraxas</h1>
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<hw>A*brax"as</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.]</ety> <def>A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.</def>
<h1>Abray</h1>
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<hw>A*bray"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v.</tt> <ety>[A false form from the preterit <ets>abraid</ets>, <ets>abrayde</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Spenser.</i>
<h1>Abreast</h1>
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<hw>A*breast"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>breast</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Side by side, with breasts in a line; <as>as, "Two men could hardly walk <ex>abreast</ex></as>."</def>
<i>Macaulay.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with <i>of</i>.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; <as>as, to keep <ex>abreast</ex> of [or with] the present state of science</as>.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>At the same time; simultaneously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote><b>Abreast</b> therewith began a convocation.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abregge</h1>
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<hw>A*breg"ge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>See <er>Abridge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abrenounce</h1>
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<hw>Ab`re*nounce"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrenuntiare</ets>; <ets>ab + renuntiare</ets>. See <er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <def>To renounce.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "They <i>abrenounce</i> and cast them off."
<i>Latimer.</i>
<h1>Abrenunciation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>abrenuntiatio</ets>. See <er>Abrenounce</er>.]</ety> <def>Absolute renunciation or repudiation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>An <b>abrenunciation</b> of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abreption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rep"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abreptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abripere</ets> to snatch away; <ets>ab + rapere</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <def>A snatching away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abreuvoir</h1>
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<hw>A`breu`voir"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., a watering place.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.</def>
<i>Gwilt.</i>
<h1>Abricock</h1>
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<hw>A"bri*cock</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apricot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Abridge</h1>
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<hw>A*bridge"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abridged</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abridging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregen</ets>, OF. <ets>abregier</ets>, F. <ets>abr\'82ger</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er> and cf. <er>Abbreviate</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> labor; to <ex>abridge</ex> power or rights.</as></def> "The bridegroom . . . <i>abridged</i> his visit."
<i>Smollett.</i>
<blockquote>She retired herself to Sebaste, and <b>abridged</b> her train from state to necessity.
<i>Fuller.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> a history or dictionary</as>.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by <i>of</i>, and formerly by <i>from</i>; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> one of his rights</as>.</def>
<h1>Abridger</h1>
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<hw>A*bridg"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abridges.</def>
<h1>Abridgment</h1>
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<hw>A*bridg"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregement</ets>. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; <as>as, an <ex>abridgment</ex> of pleasures or of expenses</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation.</def>
<blockquote>Ancient coins as <b>abridgments</b> of history.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>What <b>abridgment</b> have you for this evening? What mask? What music?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abridgment</er>, <er>Compendium</er>, <er>Epitome</er>, <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Synopsis</er>.</syn> <usage> An <i>abridgment</i> is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an <i>abridgment</i> of a dictionary. A <i>compendium</i> is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a <i>compendium</i> of American literature. An <i>epitome</i> corresponds to a <i>compendium</i>, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an <i>epitome</i> of history. An <i>abstract</i> is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A <i>synopsis</i> is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.</usage>
<h1>Abroach</h1>
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<hw>A*broach"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[OE. <ets>abrochen</ets>, OF. <ets>abrochier</ets>. See <er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Chaucer.</i>
<h1>Abroach</h1>
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<hw>A*broach"</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broach</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped.</def>
<blockquote>Hogsheads of ale were set <b>abroach</b>.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir.</def> "Mischiefs that I set <i>abroach</i>."
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Abroad</h1>
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<hw>A*broad"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broad</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; <as>as, a tree spreads its branches <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>
<blockquote>The fox roams far <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Prior.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; <as>as, to walk <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>
<blockquote>I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court <b>abroad</b>.
<i>Evelyn.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; <as>as, we have broils at home and enemies <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def> "Another prince . . . was living <i>abroad</i>."
<i>Macaulay.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely.</def>
<blockquote>He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze <b>abroad</b> the matter.
<i>Mark i. 45.</i></blockquote>
<cs><col>To be abroad</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you <i>are all abroad<i> in your guess. <sd>(b)</sd> To be at a loss or nonplused.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abrogable</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Capable of being abrogated.</def>
<h1>Abrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abrogated; abolished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Latimer.</i>
<h1>Abrogate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abrogated</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abrogating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrogare</ets>; <ets>ab + rogare</ets> to ask, require, propose. See <er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.</def>
<blockquote>Let us see whether the New Testament <b>abrogates</b> what we so frequently see in the Old.
<i>South.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or <b>abrogate</b>.
<i>Burke.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To put an end to; to do away with.</def>
<i>Shak.</i>
<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abrogation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`ro*ga"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrogare</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abrogation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abrogating; repeal by authority.</def>
<i>Hume.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abrogative</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga*tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Tending or designed to abrogate; <as>as, an <ex>abrogative</ex> law</as>.</def>
<h1>Abrogator</h1>
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<hw>Ab"ro*ga`tor</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who repeals by authority.</def>
<h1>Abrood</h1>
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<hw>A*brood"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of brooding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Abp. Sancroft.</i>
<h1>Abrook</h1>
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<hw>A*brook"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brook</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To brook; to endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrumpere</ets> to break off; <ets>ab + rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; <as>as, <ex>abrupt</ex> places</as>.</def> "Tumbling through ricks <i>abrupt</i>,"
<i>Thomson.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious.</def> "The cause of your <i>abrupt</i> departure."
<i>Shak.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected.</def>
<blockquote>The <b>abrupt</b> style, which hath many breaches.
<i>B. Jonson.</i></blockquote>
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<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Suddenly terminating, as if cut off.</def>
<i>Gray.</i>
<syn>Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.</syn>
<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptum</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abrupt place.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark> <blockquote>"Over the vast <i>abrupt</i>."
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abrupt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To tear off or asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Till death <i>abrupts</i> them."
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<h1>Abruption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rup"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrumpere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abruption</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.</def>
<i>Woodward.</i>
<h1>Abruptly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Precipitously.</def>
<cs><col>Abruptly pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.</cd></cs>
<i>Gray.</i>
<h1>Abruptness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*rupt"ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; <as>as, <ex>abruptness</ex> of style or manner</as>.</def>
<h1>Abscess</h1>
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<hw>Ab"scess</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscesses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>abscessus</ets> a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. <ets>abscessus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absedere</ets> to go away; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to go off, retire. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process.</def>
<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>, <cd>an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abscession</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sces"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscessio</ets> a separation; fr. <ets>absedere</ets>. See <er>Abscess</er>.]</ety> <def>A separating; removal; also, an abscess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Gauden. Barrough.</i>
<h1>Abscind</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scind"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absindere</ets>; <ets>ab + scindere</ets> to rend, cut. See <er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> "Two syllables . . . <i>abscinded</i> from the rest."
<i>Johnson.</i>
<h1>Abscision</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sci"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscisio</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abscission</er>.</def>
<h1>Absciss</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sciss</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>pl. <plw>Abscisses</plw> <tt>(#)</tt></plu>. <def>See <er>Abscissa</er>.</def>
<h1>Abscissa</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sa</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt>; <plu>E. pl. <plw>Abscissas</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Absciss\'91</plw></plu>. <ety>[L., fem. of <ets>abscissus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absindere</ets> to cut of. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes.</def><note> When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the <i>abscissa</i> of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the <i>abscissa</i> may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the <i>abscissa</i> of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.</note>
<h1>Abscission</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scis"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abscissio</ets>. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of cutting off.</def> "Not to be cured without the <i>abscission</i> of a member."
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The state of being cut off.</def>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."</def>
<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absconded</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absconding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abscondere</ets> to hide; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + condere</ets> to lay up; <ets>con + d\'ddre</ets> (only in comp.) to put. Cf. <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.</def>
<blockquote>The marmot <b>absconds</b> all winter.
<i>Ray.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; <as>as, an <ex>absconding</ex> debtor</as>.</def>
<blockquote>That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to <b>abscond</b>.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abscond</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hide; to conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bentley.</i>
<h1>Abscondence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Phillips.</i>
<h1>Absconder</h1>
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<hw>Ab*scond"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absconds.</def>
<h1>Absence</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. L. <ets>absentia</ets>. See <er>Absent</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to <i>presence</i>.</def>
<blockquote>Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my <b>absence</b>.
<i>Phil. ii. 12.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Want; destitution; withdrawal.</def> "In the <i>absence</i> of conventional law."
<i>Kent.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); <as>as, <ex>absence</ex> of mind</as>.</def> "Reflecting on the little <i>absences</i> and distractions of mankind."
<i>Addison.</i>
<blockquote>To conquer that abstraction which is called <b>absence</b>.
<i>Landor.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>absens</ets>, <ets>absentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abesse</ets> to be away from; <ets>ab + esse</ets> to be. Cf. <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present.</def> "Expecting <i>absent</i> friends."
<i>Shak.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Not existing; lacking; <as>as, the part was rudimental or <ex>absent</ex></as>.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; <as>as, an <ex>absent</ex> air</as>.</def>
<blockquote>What is commonly called an <b>absent</b> man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
<i>Chesterfield.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- <er>Absent</er>, <er>Abstracted</er>.</syn> <usage> These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as <i>absent</i> when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as <i>abstracted</i> when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. <i>Absence</i> of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; <i>abstraction</i> commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.</usage>
<h1>Absent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absented</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absenter</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.</def>
<blockquote>If after due summons any member <b>absents</b> himself, he is to be fined.
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To withhold from being present.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "Go; for thy stay, not free, <i>absents</i> thee more."
<i>Milton.</i>
<h1>Absentaneous</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[LL. <ets>absentaneus</ets>. See <er>absent</er>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to absence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Absentation</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*ta"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The act of absenting one's self.</def>
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i>
<h1>Absentee</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; <as>as, an Irish <ex>absentee</ex></as>.</def>
<i>Macaulay.</i>
<h1>Absenteeism</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sen*tee"ism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.</def>
<h1>Absenter</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absents one's self.</def>
<h1>Absently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ly</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absent or abstracted manner.</def>
<h1>Absentment</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sent"ment</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being absent; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Barrow.</i>
<h1>Absent-minded</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sent-mind"ed</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <tt>n.</tt> -- <wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<h1>Absentness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sent*ness</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absent-minded.</def>
<i>H. Miller.</i>
<h1>Absey-book</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sey-book`</hw><tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An A-B-C book; a primer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Shak.</i>
<h1>Absinthate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>
<h1>Absinth, Absinthe</h1>
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<hw><hw>Ab"sinth`</hw>, <hw>Ab"sinthe`</hw><hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absinthe</ets>. See <er>Absinthium</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The plant absinthium or common wormwood.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.</def>
<h1>Absinthial</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*al</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.</def>
<h1>Absinthian</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*an</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Of the nature of wormwood.</def> "<i>Absinthian</i> bitterness."
<i>T. Randolph.</i>
<h1>Absinthiate</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin"thi*ate</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[From L. <ets>absinthium</ets>: cf. L. <ets>absinthiatus</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with wormwood.</def>
<h1>Absinthiated</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*a`ted</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Impregnated with wormwood; <as>as, <ex>absinthiated</ex> wine</as>.</def>
<h1>Absinthic</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.</def>
<h1>Absinthin</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thin</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>.</def>
<i>Watts.</i>
<h1>Absinthism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sin*thism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth.</def>
<h1>Absinthium</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sin"thi*um</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common wormwood <spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>, an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.</def>
<h1>Absis</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sis</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>See <er>Apsis</er>.</def>
<h1>Absist</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absistere</ets>, p. pr. <ets>absistens</ets>; <ets>ab + sistere</ets> to stand, causal of <ets>stare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Raleigh.</i>
<h1>Absistence</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sist"ence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A standing aloof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absolvere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absolu</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an <ex>absolute</ex> promise or command; <ex>absolute</ex> power; an <ex>absolute</ex> monarch.</as></def>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> perfection; <ex>absolute</ex> beauty.</as></def>
<blockquote>So <b>absolute</b> she seems,
And in herself complete.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to <contr>relative</contr> and <contr>comparative</contr>; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> motion; <ex>absolute</ex> time or space.</as></def>
<note><i>Absolute</i> rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from <i>relative</i> rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.</note>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.</def>
<note>&hand; In this sense God is called <i>the Absolute</i> by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.</note>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; non-relative.</def>
<note>&hand; It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether <i>the absolute</i>, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.</note>
<blockquote>To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of <b>the absolute</b>.
<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>6.</b> <def>Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>I am <b>absolute</b> 't was very Cloten.
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>7.</b> <def>Authoritative; peremptory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With <b>absolute</b> forefinger, brown and ringed.
<i>Mrs. Browning.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>8.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pure; unmixed; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>
<p><b>9.</b> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; <as>as, the case <ex>absolute</ex></as>. See <cref>Ablative absolute</cref>, under <er>Ablative</er>.</def>
<cs><col>Absolute curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve.</cd> -- <col>Absolute equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the sum of the optic and eccentric equations.</cd> -- <col>Absolute space</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>space considered without relation to material limits or objects.</cd> -- <col>Absolute terms</col>. <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity.</cd> <i>Davies & Peck</i>. -- <col>Absolute temperature</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero.</cd> -- <col>Absolute zero</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273° centigrade or -459.4° Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.</syn>
<h1>Absolute</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.</def>
<h1>Absolutely</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.</def>
<h1>Absoluteness</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lute*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.</def>
<h1>Absolution</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>absolution</ets>, L. <ets>absolutio</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.</def> "Government . . . granting <i>absolution</i> to the nation."
<i>Froude.</i>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.</def>
<note>&hand; In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.</note>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.</def>
<i>P. Cyc.</i>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>The form of words by which a penitent is absolved.</def>
<i>Shipley.</i>
<p><b>6.</b> <def>Delivery, in speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>B. Jonson.</i>
<cs><col>Absolution day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>Tuesday before Easter.</cd></cs>
<h1>Absolutism</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tism</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism.</def>
<blockquote>The element of <b>absolutism</b> and prelacy was controlling.
<i>Palfrey.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Doctrine of absolute decrees.</def>
<i>Ash.</i>
<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of <i>the absolute</i>.</def>
<i>Sir. W. Hamilton.</i>
<h1>Absolutist</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; <as>as, <ex>absolutist</ex> principles</as>.</def>
<h1>Absolutistic</h1>
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<hw>Ab`so*lu*tis"tic</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.</def>
<h1>Absolutory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sol"u*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolutorius</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve.]</ety> <def>Serving to absolve; absolving.</def> "An absolutory sentence."
<i>Ayliffe.</i>
<h1>Absolvable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*ble</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>That may be absolved.</def>
<h1>Absolvatory</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"a*to*ry</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Conferring absolution; absolutory.</def>
<h1>Absolve</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solve"</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absolved</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvere</ets> to set free, to absolve; <ets>ab + solvere</ets> to loose. See <er>Assoil</er>, <er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; <as>as, to <ex>absolve</ex> a subject from his allegiance; to <ex>absolve</ex> an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment.</as></def>
<blockquote>Halifax was <b>absolved</b> by a majority of fourteen.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.</def>
<blockquote>In his name I <b>absolve</b> your perjury.
<i>Gibbon.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To finish; to accomplish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>The work begun, how soon <b>absolved</b>.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>To resolve or explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "We shall not <i>absolve</i> the doubt."
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absolve</er>, <er>Exonerate</er>, <er>Acquit</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a man as <i>absolved</i> from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to <i>absolve</i> from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as <i>exonerated</i>, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to <i>exonerate</i> from suspicion, to <i>exonerate</i> from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as <i>acquitted</i>, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was <i>acquitted</i> of all participation in the crime.</usage>
<h1>Absolvent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absolvere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Carlyle.</i>
<h1>Absolvent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>An absolver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Hobbes.</i>
<h1>Absolver</h1>
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<hw>Ab*solv"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who absolves.</def>
<i>Macaulay.</i>
<h1>Absonant</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nant</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>ab + sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to <i>consonant</i>.</def> "<i>Absonant</i> to nature."
<i>Quarles.</i>
<h1>Absonous</h1>
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<hw>Ab"so*nous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absonus</ets>; <ets>ab + sonus</ets> sound.]</ety> <def>Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> "<i>Absonous</i> to our reason."
<i>Glanvill.</i>
<h1>Absorb</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Absorbed</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Absorbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbere</ets>; <ets>ab + sorbere</ets> to suck in, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>absorber</ets>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include.</def> "Dark oblivion soon <i>absorbs</i> them all."
<i>Cowper.</i>
<blockquote>The large cities <b>absorb</b> the wealth and fashion.
<i>W. Irving.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body.</def>
<i>Bacon.</i>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; <as>as, <ex>absorbed</ex> in study or the pursuit of wealth</as>.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal <i>absorbs</i> gases. So heat, light, and electricity are <i>absorbed</i> or taken up in the substances into which they pass.</def>
<i>Nichol.</i>
<i>p. 8</i>
<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absorb</er>, <er>Engross</er>, <er>Swallow up</er>, <er>Engulf</er>.</syn> <usage> These words agree in one general idea, that of <i>completely taking up</i>. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as <i>absorbed</i> (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as <i>ebgrossed</i> (lit., seized upon in the <i>gross</i>, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as <i>swallowed up</i> and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as <i>engulfed</i> in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, <i>engulfed</i> in misery, ruin, etc.</usage>
<blockquote>That grave question which had begun to <b>absorb</b> the Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
<i>Milman.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Too long hath love <b>engrossed</b> Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
<i>Tickell.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Should not the sad occasion <b>swallow up</b>
My other cares?
<i>Addison.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>And in destruction's river
<b>Engulf</b> and swallow those.
<i>Sir P. Sidney.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Absorbability</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state or quality of being absorbable.</def>
<i> Graham (Chemistry).</i>
<h1>Absorbable</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"a*ble</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>absorbable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up.</def>
<i>Kerr.</i>
<h1>Absorbedly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.</def>
<h1>Absorbency</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"en*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>
<h1>Absorbent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absorbere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.</def>
<cs><col>Absorbent ground</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.</cd></cs>
<h1>Absorbent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Anything which absorbs.</def>
<blockquote>The ocean, itself a bad <b>absorbent</b> of heat.
<i>Darwin.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.</def>
<h1>Absorber</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who, or that which, absorbs.</def>
<h1>Absorbing</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorb"ing</hw>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Swallowing, engrossing; <as>as, an <ex>absorbing</ex> pursuit</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ab*sorb"ing</wf>, <tt>adv.</tt></wordforms>
<h1>Absorbition</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sor*bi"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<h1>Absorpt</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorpt`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Absorbed.</def> <mark>[Arcahic.]</mark> "<i>Absorpt</i> in care."
<i>Pope.</i>
<h1>Absorption</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorp"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>absorptio</ets>, fr. <ets>absorbere</ets>. See <er>Absorb</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of bodies in a whirlpool, the <ex>absorption</ex> of a smaller tribe into a larger</as>.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of light, heat, electricity, etc.</as></def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.</def>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; <as>as, <ex>absorption</ex> in some employment</as>.</def>
<h1>Absorptive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorp"tive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def> Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.</def>
<i>E. Darwin.</i>
<h1>Absorptiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sorp"tive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.</def>
<h1>Absorptivity</h1>
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<hw>Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Absorptiveness.</def>
<h1>Absquatulate</h1>
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<hw>Ab*squat"u*late</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <def>To take one's self off; to decamp.</def> <mark>[A jocular word. U. S.]</mark>
<h1>Absque hoc</h1>
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<hw>Abs"que hoc</hw> <tt>(#)</tt><def>. <ety>[L., without this.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.</def>
<h1>Abstain</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. i.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstained</er> <tt>(#)</tt>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>absteynen</ets>, <ets>abstenen</ets>, OF. <ets>astenir</ets>, <ets>abstenir</ets>, F. <ets>abstenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abstinere</ets>, <ets>abstentum</ets>, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety> <def>To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with <i>from</i>.</def>
<blockquote>Not a few <b>abstained</b> from voting.
<i>Macaulay.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Who <b>abstains</b> from meat that is not gaunt?
<i>Shak.</i></blockquote>
<syn>Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish.</syn>
<h1>Abstain</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To hinder; to withhold.</def>
<blockquote>Whether he <b>abstain</b> men from marrying.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstainer</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stain"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors.</def>
<h1>Abstemious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstemius</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + root of <ets>temetum</ets> intoxicating drink.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Abstaining from wine.</def> <mark>[Orig. Latin sense.]</mark>
<blockquote>Under his special eye
<b>Abstemious</b> I grew up and thrived amain.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions.</def>
<blockquote>Instances of longevity are chiefly among the <b>abstemious</b>.
<i>Arbuthnot.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> diet</as>.</def>
<i>Gibbon.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> life</as>.</def> "One <i>abstemious</i> day."
<i>Pope.</i>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>Promotive of abstemiousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>Such is the virtue of the <b>abstemious</b> well.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstemiousness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than <i>temperance</i>.</def>
<h1>Abstention</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sten"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abstaining; a holding aloof.</def>
<i>Jer. Taylor.</i>
<h1>Abstentious</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sten"tious</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <def>Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.</def>
<i>Farrar.</i>
<h1>Absterge</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterge</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergere</ets>, <ets>abstersum</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tergere</ets> to wipe. Cf. F <ets>absterger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<i>Quincy.</i>
<h1>Abstergent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstergens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstergere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to cleanse, detergent.</def>
<h1>Abstergent</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; <as>as, soap is an <ex>abstergent</ex></as>.</def>
<h1>Absterse</h1>
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<hw>Ab*sterse"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Sir T. Browne.</i>
<h1>Abstersion</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstersion</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.</def>
<blockquote>The task of ablution and <b>abstersion</b> being performed.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstersive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstersif</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Cleansing; purging.</def>
<i>Bacon.</i>
<h1>Abstersive</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Something cleansing.</def>
<blockquote>The strong <b>abstersive</b> of some heroic magistrate.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstersiveness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*ster"sive*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The quality of being abstersive.</def>
<i>Fuller.</i>
<h1>Abstinence</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nence</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinence</ets>, L. <ets>abstinentia</ets>, fr. <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also <altname>total abstinence</altname>.</def>
<blockquote>The <b>abstinence</b> from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
<i>Locke.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.</def>
<blockquote>Penance, fasts, and <b>abstinence</b>,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
<i>Dryden.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstinency</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nen*cy</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>Abstinence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<h1>Abstinent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[F. <ets>abstinent</ets>, L. <ets>abstinens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.</def>
<i>Beau. & Fl.</i>
<h1>Abstinent</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>One who abstains.</def>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.</def>
<h1>Abstinently</h1>
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<hw>Ab"sti*nent*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>With abstinence.</def>
<h1>Abstorted</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stort"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[As if fr. <ets>abstort</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist.]</ety> <def>Wrested away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Bailey.</i>
<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#; 277)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <ety>[L. <ets>abstractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrahere</ets> to draw from, separate; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>.]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Withdraw; separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<blockquote>The more <b>abstract</b> . . . we are from the body.
<i>Norris.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; <as>as, <ex>abstract</ex> truth, <ex>abstract</ex> numbers</as>. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to <ant>concrete</ant>; <as>as, honesty is an <ex>abstract</ex> word</as>.</def> <i>J. S. Mill</i>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; <as>as, "reptile" is an <ex>abstract</ex> or general name</as>.</def>
<i>Locke.</i>
<blockquote>A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an <b>abstract</b> name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "<b>abstract</b> name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Abstracted; absent in mind.</def> "<i>Abstract</i>, as in a trance."
<i>Milton.</i>
<cs><col>An abstract idea</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure.</cd> -- <col>Abstract terms</col>, <cd>those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or <i>abstract terms<i> are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.</cd> -- <col>Abstract numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abstract</col> ∨ <col>Pure mathematics</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>
<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <wordforms>[<tt>imp. & p. p.</tt> <er>Abstracted</er>; <tt>p. pr. & vb. n.</tt> <er>Abstracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety>
<p><b>1.</b> <def>To withdraw; to separate; to take away.</def>
<blockquote>He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution <b>abstracted</b> from his own prejudices.
<i>Sir W. Scott.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>To draw off in respect to interest or attention; <as>as, his was wholly <ex>abstracted</ex> by other objects</as>.</def>
<blockquote>The young stranger had been <b>abstracted</b> and silent.
<i>Blackw. Mag.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute.</def>
<i>Whately.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>To epitomize; to abridge.</def>
<i>Franklin.</i>
<p><b>5.</b> <def>To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; <as>as, to <ex>abstract</ex> goods from a parcel, or money from a till</as>.</def>
<blockquote>Von Rosen had quietly <b>abstracted</b> the bearing-reins from the harness.
<i>W. Black.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>6.</b> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense <i>extract</i> is now more generally used.</def>
<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"</hw>, <tt>v. t.</tt> <def>To perform the process of abstraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>
<blockquote>I own myself able to <b>abstract</b> in one sense.
<i>Berkeley.</i></blockquote>
<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief.</def>
<blockquote>An <b>abstract</b> of every treatise he had read.
<i>Watts.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>Man, the <b>abstract</b>
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
<i>Ford.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>A state of separation from other things; <as>as, to consider a subject in the <ex>abstract</ex>, or apart from other associated things</as>.</def>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>An abstract term.</def>
<blockquote>The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the <b>abstracts</b> "paternity" and "filiety."
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>4.</b> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance.</def>
<cs><col>Abstract of title</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an epitome of the evidences of ownership.</cd></cs>
<syn>Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See <er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>
<h1>Abstracted</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>a.</tt> <p><b>1.</b> <def>Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.</def>
<blockquote>The evil <b>abstracted</b> stood from his own evil.
<i>Milton.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <def>Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<p><b>3.</b> <def>Abstract; abstruse; difficult.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>
<i>Johnson.</i>
<p><b>4.</b> <def>Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind.</def> "An <i>abstracted</i> scholar."
<i>Johnson.</i>
<h1>Abstractedly</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ly</hw>, <tt>adv.</tt> <def>In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.</def>
<h1>Abstractedness</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ness</hw>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>The state of being abstracted; abstract character.</def>
<h1>Abstracter</h1>
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<hw>Ab*stract"er</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <def>One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.</def>
<h1>Abstraction</h1>
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<hw>Ab*strac"tion</hw> <tt>(#)</tt>, <tt>n.</tt> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>abstraction</ets>. See <er>Abstract</er>, <tt>a.</tt>]</ety> <p><b>1.</b> <def>The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.</def>
<blockquote>A wrongful <b>abstraction</b> of wealth from certain members of the community.
<i>J. S. Mill.</i></blockquote>
<p><b>2.</b> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called <i>abstraction</i>. So, also, when it considers <i>whiteness</i>, <i>softness</i>, <i>virtue</i>, <i>existence</i>, as separate from any particular objects.</def>
<note>&hand; <i>Abstraction</i> is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body.</note>
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