The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section S
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Title: The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section S
Author: Project Gutenberg
Noah Webster
Release date: September 1, 1996 [eBook #668]
Most recently updated: November 2, 2024
Language: English
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUTENBERG WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY: SECTION S ***
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Version published 1913
by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
S.
S (s), the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonant,
and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It
has two principal sounds; one a mere hissing, as in sack, this; the
other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides
these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It
generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the
middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a
few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms
the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 255-261.
Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin,
which got the letter through the Greek from the Phœnician. The ultimate
origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t,
and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase,
razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were;
chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).
-s. 1. [OE. es, AS. as.] The suffix used to form the plural of most
words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.
2. [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. - ð.] The suffix used to form the third
person singular indicative of English verbs; as in falls, tells, sends.
3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, -- originally the
genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s.
-'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.] The suffix used to form the possessive singular
of nouns; as, boy's; man's.
's. A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. "My heart's
subdued." Shak.
Sa"adh (sä"d), n. See Sadh.
Saan (sän), n. pl. (Ethnol.) Same as Bushmen.
Sab`a*dil"la (sb`*dl"l), n. [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.) A Mexican
liliaceous plant (Schœnocaulon officinale); also, its seeds, which
contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in medicine as an
emetic and purgative.
Sa*bæ"an (?), a. & n. Same as Sabian.
Sa*bæ"an*ism (?), n. Same as Sabianism.
{ Sa"bæ*ism (?), Sa"ba*ism (?) }, n. See Sabianism.
Sa"bal (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of
the Southern United States.
Sab"a*oth (sb"*th or s"b*th; 277), n. pl. [Heb. tseb'th, pl. of tsb',
an army or host, fr. tsb', to go forth to war.] 1. Armies; hosts. [Used
twice in the English Bible, in the phrase "The Lord of Sabaoth."]
2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.
Sab"bat (?), n. [See Sabbath.] In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal
assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their
orgies.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an (?), n. [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See
Sabbath.] 1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as
holy, agreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the
Decalogue.
There were Christians in the early church who held this opinion, and
certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold it now.
2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of
Sabbatarians.
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward
(1673).
Sab"bath (?), n. [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr.
sa`bbaton, fr. Heb. shabbth, fr. shbath to rest from labor. Cf.
Sabbat.] 1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for
rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in
the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a
transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the
week, which is called also Lord's Day.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Ex. xx. 8.
2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and
festival. Lev. xxv. 4.
3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort,
sorrow, or the like.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb.
Pope.
Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath
breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Sabbath-day's
journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the
Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.
Syn. -- Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with
Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the
first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the
Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of
the week has been called "the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday
is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United
States, as it is in England. "So if we will be the children of our
heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbath day,
which is the Sunday." Homilies.
Sab"bath*less, a. Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence,
without respite or rest. Bacon.
{ Sab*bat"ic (?), Sab*bat"ic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. sabbatique.]
Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or
bringing an intermission of labor.
Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the
Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest,
or lie without tillage.
Sab"ba*tism (?), n. [L. sabbatismus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to keep the
Sabbath: cf. F. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.] Intermission of labor, as
upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.
Sab"ba*ton (?), n. [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden
shoe.] A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part of
the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.
Sa*be"an (?), a. & n. Same as Sabian.
Sa"be*ism (?), n. Same as Sabianism.
||Sa*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.) A genus of
||tubicolous annelids having a circle of plumose gills around the head.
Sa*bel"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of
Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.
Sa*bel"li*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter
of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is but one
person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only
different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the Father.
Sa*bel"li*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl.) The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius.
See Sabellian, n.
Sa*bel"loid (?), a. [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or related to, the
genus Sabella. -- Sa*bel"loid, n.
{ Sa"ber, Sa"bre } (?), n. [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin;
cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr. zabo`s crooked,
curved.] A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and
usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword.
Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
{ Sa"ber, Sa"bre }, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered (?) or Sabred (&?;); p.
pr. & vb. n. Sabering or Sabring (&?;).] [Cf. F. sabrer.] To strike,
cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber.
You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission.
Burke.
{ Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill` }, n. (Zoöl.) The curlew.
Sa"bi*an (?), a. [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and Sabæan.] 1. Of
or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic
plants.
2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the heavenly
bodies.
Sa"bi*an, n. An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the
heavenly bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]
Sa"bi*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion;
that species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon,
and stars; heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]
||Sab"i*cu (?), n. The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree
||(Lysiloma Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.
Sa"bine (?), a. [L. Sabinus.] Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines,
a people of Italy. -- n. One of the Sabine people.
Sab"ine (?), n. [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines. Cf.
Savin.] (Bot.) See Savin.
Sa"ble (?), n. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL.
sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel;
all fr. Russ. sóbole.] 1. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel
family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe,
Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.
The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur
consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by
another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according
to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most
valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of
Siberia, Russia, and British North America.
The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct
species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the
Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.
2. The fur of the sable.
3. A mourning garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural.
"Sables wove by destiny." Young.
4. (Her.) The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal
lines crossing each other.
Sa"ble (?), a. Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used
chiefly in poetry.
Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now
stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world.
Young.
Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus
niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the
female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Sable iron, a superior
quality of Russia iron; -- so called because originally stamped with
the figure of a sable. -- Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.
Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling (?).]
To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
Sabled all in black the shady sky.
G. Fletcher.
||Sa`bot" (s`b"), n. [F.] 1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the
||peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European
||countries.
2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag
and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a
piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the
rifling.
||Sa`bo"tière (?), n. [F.] A kind of freezer for ices.
Sa"bre (?), n. & v. See Saber.
||Sa"bre*tasche` (?), n. [F. sabretache, G. säbeltasche; säbel saber +
||tasche a pocket.] (Mil.) A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at
||the left side, suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil.
||Sci.).
Sa*bri"na work` (?). A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table
covers, etc. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).
Sab"u*lose (?), a. [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.] (Bot.)
Growing in sandy places.
Sab`u*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being sabulous; sandiness;
grittiness.
Sab"u*lous (?), a. [L. sabulosus.] Sandy; gritty.
Sac (sk), n. (Ethnol.) See Sacs.
Sac, n. [See Sake, Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) The privilege formerly enjoyed by
the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing
fines. Cowell.
Sac (sk), n. [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.] 1. See 2d
Sack.
2. (Biol.) A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and
either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.
Sac"a*lait (?), n. (Zoöl.) A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie.
[Southern U.S.]
Sa"car (?), n. See Saker.
Sac*cade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) A sudden, violent check of a horse by
drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull.
Sac"cate (?), a. [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.] 1. (Biol.)
Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as
a petal.
2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores
having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.
Sac"cha*rate (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic acid. (b) In a
wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate,
with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.
Sac*char"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a
white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose,
sucrose, etc.
Sac`cha*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.] Producing
sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.
Sac*char"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Saccharifying (?).] [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]
To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
Sac`cha*ril"la (?), n. A kind of muslin.
Sac`cha*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F.
saccharimètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of
saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers'
and distillers' worts. [Written also saccharometer.]
The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its
scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of
any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a
complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted
through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar indicated
by the relative deviation of the plane of polarization.
Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to saccharimetry;
obtained by saccharimetry.
Sac`cha*rim"e*try (sk`k*rm"*tr), n. The act, process or method of
determining the amount and kind of sugar present in sirup, molasses,
and the like, especially by the employment of polarizing apparatus.
Sac"cha*rin (sk"k*rn), n. [F., from L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.) A
bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and
regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; -- so called because
formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).
Sac"cha*ri*nate (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharinic acid. (b) A
salt of saccharine.
Sac"cha*rine (? or ?), a. [F. saccharin, fr. L. saccharon sugar, Gr.
&?;, &?;, &?;, Skr. çarkara. Cf. Sugar.] Of or pertaining to sugar;
having the qualities of sugar; producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine
taste; saccharine matter.
Sac"cha*rine (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A trade name for benzoic sulphinide.
[Written also saccharin.]
Sac"cha*rin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in the
free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling
dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.
Sac"cha*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Saccharizing (?).] To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
{ Sac"cha*roid (?), Sac`cha*roid"al (?) }, a. [L. saccharon sugar +
-oid: cf. F. saccharoïde.] Resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance,
consistency, or composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.
Sac`cha*rom"e*ter (?), n. A saccharimeter.
||Sac`cha*ro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; sugar + &?;, &?;, a
||fungus.] (Biol.) A genus of budding fungi, the various species of
||which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up
||sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in
||producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ is
||the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.
||Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. (Biol.) A family of fungi consisting
||of the one genus Saccharomyces.
Sac"cha*ro*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of saccharonic acid.
Sac"cha*rone (?), n. [Saccharin + lactone.] (Chem.) (a) A white
crystalline substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin,
and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid,
C6H10O2, obtained by the reduction of saccharin.
Sac`cha*ron"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is
obtained from saccharone (a) by hydration, and forms a well-known
series of salts.
Sac"cha*rose` (?), n. (Chem.) Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general,
any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the
type. See Sucrose.
Sac"cha*rous (?), a. Saccharine.
||Sac"cha*rum (?), n. [NL. See Saccharine.] (Bot.) A genus of tall
||tropical grasses including the sugar cane.
Sac`cho*lac"tate (?), n. [See Saccholactic.] (Chem.) A salt of
saccholactic acid; -- formerly called also saccholate. [Obs.] See
Mucate.
Sac`cho*lac"tic (?), a. [L. saccharon sugar + lac, lactis, milk.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic
acid; saccholic. [Obs.]
Sac*chol"ic (?), a. Saccholactic. [Obs.]
Sac*chul"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of sacchulmic acid.
Sac*chul"mic (?), a. [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to,
or designating, an acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the
long-continued boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It
resembles humic acid. [Written also sacculmic.]
Sac*chul"min (?), n. (Chem.) An amorphous huminlike substance
resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.
Sac*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.] (Biol.) Bearing a
sac.
Sac"ci*form (?), a. [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.) Having the
general form of a sac.
||Sac`co*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. &?; a
||tongue.] (Zoöl.) Same as Pellibranchiata.
Sac"cu*lar (?), a. Like a sac; sacciform.
Sac"cu*la`ted (?), a. Furnished with little sacs.
Sac"cule (?), n. [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.] A little sac;
specifically, the sacculus of the ear.
Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the sacculus and
cochlea of the ear.
Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the sacculus and
utriculus of the ear.
||Sac"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Sacculi (#). [L., little sack.] (Anat.) A
||little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See
||the Note under Ear.
||Sac"cus (?), n.; pl. Sacci (#). [L., a sack.] (Biol.) A sac.
Sa*cel"lum (?), n.; pl. Sacella (#). [L., dim. of sacrum a sacred
place.] (a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a divinity.
(b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. Shipley.
Sac`er*do"tal (?), a. [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos, -otis, a priest,
fr. sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.] Of or pertaining to
priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood;
priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions.
The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency
which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority.
Macaulay.
Sac`er*do"tal*ism (?), n. The system, style, spirit, or character, of a
priesthood, or sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the
sacerdotal order.
Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv. In a sacerdotal manner.
Sach"el (sch"l), n. A small bag. See Satchel.
Sa"chem (s&acr";chem), n. A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a
sagamore. See Sagamore.
Sa"chem*dom (-dm), n. The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. Dr.
T. Dwight.
Sa"chem*ship, n. Office or condition of a sachem.
||Sa`chet" (?), n. [F., dim. of sac. See Sac.] A scent bag, or perfume
||cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefs, garments, etc., to perfume
||them.
Sa*ci"e*ty (?), n. Satiety. [Obs.] Bacon.
Sack (sk), n. [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco, It. secco), from L.
siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr. 'ischno`s, Skr. sikata sand, Ir.
sesc dry, W. hysp. Cf. Desiccate.] A name formerly given to various dry
Spanish wines. "Sherris sack." Shak.
Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other ingredients.
Sack, n. [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, sæcc, L. saccus, Gr. sa`kkos from
Heb. sak; cf. F. sac, from the Latin. Cf. Sac, Satchel, Sack to
plunder.] 1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a
receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather,
and the like; a large pouch.
2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the
substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat,
two bushels. McElrath.
3. [Perhaps a different word.] Originally, a loosely hanging garment
for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a
decorative appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves,
worn by women; as, a dressing sack. [Written also sacque.]
4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to
bottom without a cross seam.
5. (Biol.) See 2d Sac, 2.
Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under Basket. -- Sack tree
(Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into
lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and
leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom. -- To give the sack to or get
the sack, to discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or
be jilted. [Slang]
Sack, v. t. 1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn.
Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson.
L. Wallace.
2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders. [Colloq.]
Sack, n. [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty
packed up, fr. L. saccus. See Sack a bag.] The pillage or plunder, as
of a town or city; the storm and plunder of a town; devastation;
ravage.
The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, -- by which phrase
is to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which
the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and
property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or
age.
Prescott.
Sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sacking.] [See
Sack pillage.] To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate;
to ravage.
The Romans lay under the apprehensions of seeing their city sacked
by a barbarous enemy.
Addison.
Sack"age (?; 48), n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack.
[R.] H. Roscoe.
Sack"but (?), n. [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut, earlier, a
sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by foot soldiers to
unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and push; fr. saquier, sachier,
to pull, draw (perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a
bag; see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see Butt to thrust). The name
was given to the musical instrument from its being lengthened and
shortened.] (Mus.) A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so
contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone
required; -- said to be the same as the trombone. [Written also
sagbut.] Moore (Encyc. of Music).
The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been a stringed
instrument.
Sack"cloth` (?; 115), n. Linen or cotton cloth such as sacks are made
of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning,
distress, mortification, or penitence.
Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.
2 Sam. iii. 31.
Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe.
Sandys.
Sack"clothed` (?), a. Clothed in sackcloth.
Sack"er (?), n. One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and
pillage of a town.
Sack"ful (?), n.; pl. Sackfuls (&?;). As much as a sack will hold.
Sack"ful, a. Bent on plunder. [Obs.] Chapman.
Sack"ing, n. [AS. sæccing, from sæcc sack, bag.] Stout, coarse cloth of
which sacks, bags, etc., are made.
Sack"less, a. [AS. sacleás; sacu contention + leás loose, free from.]
Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Sack"-winged` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a peculiar pouch developed near
the front edge of the wing; -- said of certain bats of the genus
Saccopteryx.
Sacque (?), n. [Formed after the analogy of the French. See 2d Sack.]
Same as 2d Sack, 3.
Sa"cral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region
of the sacrum.
Sac"ra*ment (?), n. [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery,
a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred, sacer sacred: cf. F.
sacrement. See Sacred.] 1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman
soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a
solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.]
I'll take the sacrament on't.
Shak.
2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn covenant; a sacred thing; a
mystery. [Obs.]
God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and
the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their
portion of sorrows.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Theol.) One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ,
the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers;
hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.
Syn. -- Sacrament, Eucharist. -- Protestants apply the term sacrament
to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath.
and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation,
penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament
denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to
the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the
Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes
the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same
ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's
sufferings and death. "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure
great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of
thanksgiving for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ra*ment (?), v. t. To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.
Sac`ra*men"tal (?), a. [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental,
sacramentel.] 1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of
the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemnly binding; as,
sacramental rites or elements.
2. Bound by a sacrament.
The sacramental host of God's elect.
Cowper.
Sac`ra*men"tal, n. That which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ism (?), n. The doctrine and use of sacraments;
attachment of excessive importance to sacraments.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the real objective
presence of Christ's body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.
Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv. In a sacramental manner.
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F. sacramentaire.]
1. (Eccl.) A name given in the sixteenth century to those German
reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the
holy eucharist.
2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of sacraments.
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a. 1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the
sacramentals; sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the
sacraments; sacramental.
2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries (#). [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F.
sacramentaire.] 1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church,
written by Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St.
Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments,
the dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several
ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.
2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1.
Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries.
Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ra*ment*ize (?), v. i. To administer the sacraments. [R.]
Both to preach and sacramentize.
Fuller.
||Sa*cra"ri*um (?), n.; pl. -ria (#). [L., fr. sacer sacred.] 1. A sort
||of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special
||divinity.
2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.
3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.
Sa"crate (?), v. t. [L. sacratus, p. p. of sacrare. See Sacred.] To
consecrate. [Obs.]
Sa*cra"tion (?), n. Consecration. [Obs.]
Sa"cre (?), n. See Saker.
Sa"cre, v. t. [F. sacrer. See Sacred.] To consecrate; to make sacred.
[Obs.] Holland.
Sa"cred (?), a. [Originally p. p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F.
sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf. Consecrate,
Execrate, Saint, Sexton.] 1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony;
especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use;
consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day;
sacred service.
2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular;
religious; as, sacred history.
Smit with the love of sacred song.
Milton.
3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest
title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to
extreme reverence; venerable.
Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing
privilege him.
Shak.
Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names
of earth and heaven.
Cowley.
4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable.
Secrets of marriage still are sacred held.
Dryden.
5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; -- with to.
A temple, sacred to the queen of love.
Dryden.
6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or
the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic]
But, to destruction sacred and devote.
Milton.
Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women,
founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into
America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the
higher branches of female education. -- Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See
Hamadryas. -- Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo
speciosa or Nelumbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily;
also, the plant itself. See Lotus. -- Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab.
-- Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. - - Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of
numerous species of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ.
Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by
the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyrus oxyrhynchus. -- Sacred ibis.
See Ibis. -- Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus
Semnopithecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the
entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The
bhunder, or rhesus monkey. -- Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where
a deceased person is buried.
Syn. -- Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted;
religious; venerable; reverend.
-- Sa"cred*ly (#), adv. -- Sa"cred*ness, n.
{ Sacrif"ic (?), Sa*crif"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis.
See Sacrifice.] Employed in sacrifice. [R.] Johnson.
Sa*crif"ic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Sa*crif"ic*ant (?), n. [L. sacrificans, p. pr. See Sacrifice.] One who
offers a sacrifice. [R.]
Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.
Sa*crif"ic*a*to*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.] Offering sacrifice.
[R.] Sherwood.
Sac"ri*fice (?; 277), n. [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice, F. sacrifice, fr.
L. sacrificium; sacer sacred + facere to make. See Sacred, and Fact.]
1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory rite.
Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To Dagon.
Milton.
2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity; an
immolated victim, or an offering of any kind, laid upon an altar, or
otherwise presented in the way of religious thanksgiving, atonement, or
conciliation.
Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice.
Milton.
My life, if thou preserv'st my life, Thy sacrifice shall be.
Addison.
3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else;
devotion of some desirable object in behalf of a higher object, or to a
claim deemed more pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted or given
up; as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to
interest.
4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant]
Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt offering, under Burnt. -- Sacrifice hit
(Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind that the batter loses his
chance of tallying, but enables one or more who are on bases to get
home or gain a base.
Sac"ri*fice (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacrificed (&?;); p. pr. &
vb. n. Sacrificing (&?;).] [From Sacrifice, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L.
sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See
-fy.] 1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a divinity
by way of expiation or propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or
thanksgiving; to immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for
sin, to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an
ox or a sheep.
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid.
Milton.
2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for the sake of
obtaining something; to give up in favor of a higher or more imperative
object or duty; to devote, with loss or suffering.
Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance,
and to empty fears.
Prior.
The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the sake of . . .
making this boy his heir.
G. Eliot.
3. To destroy; to kill. Johnson.
4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value.
[Tradesmen's Cant]
Sac"ri*fice, v. i. To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things
consumed on the altar; to offer sacrifice.
O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that meek man, who
well had sacrificed.
Milton.
Sac"ri*fi`cer (?), n. One who sacrifices.
Sac`ri*fi"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices;
consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. "Sacrificial rites."
Jer. Taylor.
Sac"ri*lege (?), n. [F. sacrilège, L. sacrilegium, from sacrilegus that
steals, properly, gathers or picks up, sacred things; sacer sacred +
legere to gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.] The sin or crime of
violating or profaning sacred things; the alienating to laymen, or to
common purposes, what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious
persons or uses.
And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege to dig.
Spenser.
Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with the
spoils of sacrilege.
South.
Sac`ri*le"gious (?), a. [From sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.] Violating
sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving sacrilege; profane;
impious.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands.
Pope.
-- Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv. -- Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.
Sac"ri*le`gist (?), n. One guilty of sacrilege.
Sac"ring (?), a. & n. from Sacre.
Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
Sa"crist (?), n. [LL. sacrista. See Sacristan.] A sacristan; also, a
person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and
take care of the books.
Sac"ris*tan (?), n. [F. sacristain, LL. sacrista, fr. L. sacer. See
Sacred, and cf. Sexton.] An officer of the church who has the care of
the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.
Sac"ris*ty (?), n.; pl. Sacristies (#). [F. sacristie, LL. sacristia,
fr. L. sacer. See Sacred.] An apartment in a church where the sacred
utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a vestry.
Sa"cro- (&?;). (Anat.) A combining form denoting connection with, or
relation to, the sacrum, as in sacro-coccygeal, sacro-iliac,
sacrosciatic.
Sac"ro*sanct (?), a. [L. sucrosanctus.] Sacred; inviolable. [R.] Dr. H.
More.
Sa`cro*sci*at"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the sacrum
and the hip; as, the sacrosciatic foramina formed by the sacrosciatic
ligaments which connect the sacrum and the hip bone.
Sa`cro*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sacrum and
that part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; as, the
sacrovertebral angle.
||Sa"crum (?), n.; pl. sacra (&?;). [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os
||sacrum the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.) That part of the
||vertebral column which is directly connected with, or forms a part
||of, the pelvis.
It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less
consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the
pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size
very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.
Sacs (sks), n. pl.; sing. Sac (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians,
which, together with the Foxes, formerly occupied the region about
Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]
Sad (sd), a. [Compar. Sadder (?); supperl. Saddest.] [OE. sad sated,
tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. sæd satisfied, sated; akin to D.
zat, OS. sad, G. satt, OHG. sat, Icel. saðr, saddr, Goth. saþs, Lith.
sotus, L. sat, satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. 'a`menai to satiate,
'a`dnh enough. Cf. Assets, Sate, Satiate, Satisfy, Satire.] 1. Sated;
satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.]
Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a
bitter sweet.
Chaucer.
2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few
phrases; as, sad bread.]
His hand, more sad than lump of lead.
Spenser.
Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.
Mortimer.
3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; -- said of colors. "Sad-colored clothes."
Walton.
Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all
sad colors.
Mortimer.
4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.]
"Ripe and sad courage." Chaucer.
Lady Catharine, a sad and religious woman.
Bacon.
Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both
parties.
Ld. Berners.
5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction;
downcast; gloomy; mournful.
First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you
come so unprovided.
Shak.
The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.
Milton.
6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad
misfortune.
7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] "Sad tipsy
fellows, both of them." I. Taylor.
Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds;
as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like.
Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett.
Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless;
downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.
Sad, v. t. To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.]
How it sadded the minister's spirits!
H. Peters.
||Sad"da (?), n. [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a hundred
||+ dar door, way.] A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of
||the Zend- Avesta, or sacred books.
Sad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Saddening.] To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive.
[Obs.]
Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it
doth to clay lands.
Mortimer.
(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth. (c) To make grave or
serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful.
Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene.
Pope.
Sad"den, v. i. To become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.
Sad"der (?), n. Same as Sadda.
Sad"dle (?), n. [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G. sattel,
OHG. satal, satul, Icel. söðull, Dan. & Sw. sadel; cf. Russ. siedlo;
all perh. ultimately from the root of E. sit.] 1. A seat for a rider,
-- usually made of leather, padded to span comfortably a horse's back,
furnished with stirrups for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened
in place with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or
tricycle.
2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being
fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to keep
the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc.
3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal with
the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.
4. (Naut.) A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped
to receive the end of another spar.
5. (Mach.) A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a
convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.
6. (Zoöl.) The clitellus of an earthworm.
7. (Arch.) The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the
floor or landing; -- so called because it spans and covers the joint
between two floors.
Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of
a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss. -- Saddle gall (Far.), a sore
or gall upon a horse's back, made by the saddle. -- Saddle girth, a
band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its place.
-- saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a saddle.
-- Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending up
the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up edge of
the next sheet. -- Saddle roof, (Arch.), a roof having two gables and
one ridge; -- said of such a roof when used in places where a different
form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called
also saddleback roof. -- Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated
bivalve shell of the genera Placuna and Anomia; -- so called from its
shape. Called also saddle oyster.
Sad"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling
(?).] [AS. sadelian.] 1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for
riding. "saddle my horse." Shak.
Abraham rose up early, . . . and saddled his ass.
Gen. xxii. 3.
2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber; as,
to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.
Sad"dle*back` (?), a. Same as Saddle-backed.
Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See Saddle roof, under Saddle.
Sad"dle*back`, n. 1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge
having a concave outline at the top.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) The harp seal. (b) The great blackbacked gull (Larus
marinus). (c) The larva of a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which
has a large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.
Sad"dle-backed` (?), a. 1. Having the outline of the upper part concave
like the seat of a saddle.
2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.
Sad"dle*bags (?), n. pl. Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or
a band, formerly much used by horseback riders to carry small articles,
one bag hanging on each side.
Sad"dle*bow` (?), n. [AS. sadelboga.] The bow or arch in the front part
of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.
Sad"dle*cloth` (?; 115), n. A cloth under a saddle, and extending out
behind; a housing.
Sad"dled (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a broad patch of color across the back,
like a saddle; saddle-backed.
Sad"dler (?), n. One who makes saddles.
2. (Zoöl.) A harp seal.
Sad"dler*y (?), n. 1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses;
the articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.
2. The trade or employment of a saddler.
Sad"dle-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a saddle. Specifically: (a) (Bot.)
Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a rounded form.
Henslow.
(b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without being
broken at top; -- said of strata.
Sad"dle*tree` (?), n. The frame of a saddle.
For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to begin.
Cowper.
Sad`du*ca"ic (?; 135), a. Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as,
Sadducaic reasonings.
Sad"du*cee (?), n. [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. &?;, Heb. Tsaddkm; -- so
called from Tsdk, the founder of the sect.] One of a sect among the
ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the
existence of angels. -- Sad`du*ce"an (#), a.
{ Sad"du*cee`ism (?), Sad"du*cism (?) }, n. The tenets of the
Sadducees.
Sad"du*cize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sadducized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sadducizing (?).] To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. Atterbury.
Sadh (?), n. [Skr. sdhu perfect, pure.] A member of a monotheistic sect
of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the Quakers in many respects. Balfour (Cyc.
of India).
Sad"i`ron (?), n. [Probably sad heavy + iron.] An iron for smoothing
clothes; a flatiron.
Sad"ly, adv. 1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.]
In go the spears full sadly in arest.
Chaucer.
2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.]
To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our neglect, we lost
her as we came.
Milton.
3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. "He sadly suffers in
their grief." Dryden.
Sad"ness, n. 1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]
2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.]
Her sadness and her benignity.
Chaucer.
3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess; sorrowfulness;
dejection.
Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See Grief.
||Sadr (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); -- so
||called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See
||Lotus (b).
||Saeng"er*fest (?), n. [G. sängerfest.] A festival of singers; a
||German singing festival.
Safe (?), a. [Compar. Safer (?); superl. Safest.] [OE. sauf, F. sauf,
fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare, safety. Cf. Salute,
Salvation, Sage a plant, Save, Salvo an exception.] 1. Free from harm,
injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or injury;
unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from disease; safe from
storms; safe from foes. "And ye dwelled safe." 1 Sam. xii. 11.
They escaped all safe to land.
Acts xxvii. 44.
Established in a safe, unenvied throne.
Milton.
2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger;
confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe
harbor; a safe bridge, etc. "The man of safe discretion." Shak.
The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe
retreat.
Milton.
3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or
custody; as, the prisoner is safe.
But Banquo's safe? Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides.
Shak.
Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first
base even if no error is made by the other side.
Syn. -- Secure; unendangered; sure.
Safe (?), n. A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A
strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel, etc., or
a closet or vault of brickwork) for containing money, valuable papers,
or the like. (b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for
securing provisions from noxious animals or insects.
Safe, v. t. To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.
Safe"-con"duct (?), n. [Safe + conduct: cf. F. sauf-conduit.] That
which gives a safe passage; either (a) a convoy or guard to protect a
person in an enemy's country or a foreign country, or (b) a writing,
pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to enable him to travel
with safety. Shak.
Safe`-con*duct" (?), v. t. To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to.
[Poetic]
He him by all the bonds of love besought To safe-conduct his love.
Spenser.
Safe"guard` (?), n. [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.] 1. One who, or
that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. Shak.
Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne.
Granville.
2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.
3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.
Safe"guard`, v. t. To guard; to protect. Shak.
Safe"-keep"ing (?), n. [Safe + keep.] The act of keeping or preserving
in safety from injury or from escape; care; custody.
Safe"ly, adv. In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil
consequences.
Safe"ness, n. The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard,
danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an
experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.
Safe"-pledge" (?), n. (Law) A surety for the appearance of a person at
a given time. Bracton.
Safe"ty (?), n. [Cf. F. sauveté.] 1. The condition or state of being
safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or
loss.
Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest .
. . With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element.
Milton.
2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from liability to
cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or
secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against
harm or loss, etc.
Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand
sorrows off, And credit thy repentance!
Beau. & Fl.
3. Preservation from escape; close custody.
Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return.
Shak.
4. (Football) Same as Safety touchdown, below.
Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. --
Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is capable
of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in water; a life
preserver. -- Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water;
a safety belt. -- Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine
lift, having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope
should break. -- Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp. -- Safety match,
a match which can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for
the purpose. -- Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a
guard covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer. --
Safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible. -- Safety switch. See
Switch. -- Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's
touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received
its last impulse from a man on his own side; -- distinguished from
touchback. See Touchdown. -- Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent
explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular
connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel tube with
bulbs for adding those reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or
violent effervescence. -- Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a
spring or weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam,
or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the
pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve
opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less
than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.
Saf"flow (?), n. (Bot.) The safflower. [Obs.]
Saf"flow`er (?), n. [F. safleur, saflor, for safran, influenced by
fleur flower. See Saffron, and Flower.] 1. (Bot.) An annual composite
plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a
dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron.
2. The dried flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.
3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b).
Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the
safflower.
Saf"fron (?; 277), n. [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It. zafferano, Sp.
azafran, Pg. açafrão; all fr. Ar. & Per. za' farn.] 1. (Bot.) A bulbous
iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers with large yellow
stigmas. See Crocus.
2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the
stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in
coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly much
used in medicine.
3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the
Crocus sativus.
Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See Safflower. -- Meadow
saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnale) of Europe,
resembling saffron. -- Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a
South African tree (Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself. --
Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the stigmas
of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).
Saf"fron (?; 277), a. Having the color of the stigmas of saffron
flowers; deep orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.
Saf"fron, v. t. To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to
spice. [Obs.]
And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication.
Chaucer.
Saf"fron*y (?), a. Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish.
Lord (1630).
Saf"ra*nin (?), n. (Chem.) (a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from
the saffron. [R.] (b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and
formerly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; --
called also Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin. (c) An orange-red
dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of creosol, and used as
a substitute for the safflower dye.
Saf"ra*nine (? or ?), n. [So called because used as a substitute for
safranin.] (Chem.) An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced
artificially by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in
dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine
proper is the type.
Sag (sg), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sagging (?).]
[Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG. sacken, D. zakken. Cf.
Sink, v. i.] 1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied
pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable
supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room
sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as,
a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.
2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag; to
bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care,
trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced. [R.]
The mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with
doubt nor shake with fear.
Shak.
3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily.
To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind,
sea, or current; to drift to leeward; -- said of a vessel. Totten.
Sag, v. t. To cause to bend or give way; to load.
Sag, n. State of sinking or bending; sagging.
Sa"ga (s"g), n.; pl. Sagas (-gz). [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See
Say, and cf. Saw.] A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic
tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European
popular historical or religious tale of olden time.
And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old.
Longfellow.
Sa*ga"cious (?), a. [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire to perceive
quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Presage.]
1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a
trail.
Sagacious of his quarry from so far.
Milton.
2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and
judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage;
wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark.
Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our
apprehension.
Dr. H. More.
Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them
into general propositions.
Locke.
Syn. -- See Shrewd.
-- Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa*ga"cious*ness, n.
Sa*gac"i*ty (?), n. [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.] The quality of being
sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of
discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness.
Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell.
Cowper.
Natural sagacity improved by generous education.
V. Knox.
Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. -- Sagacity,
Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an
abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to
penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard
against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best
possible advantage.
Sag"a*more (?), n. 1. [Cf. Sachem.] The head of a tribe among the
American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous with sachem,
but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief
of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it
sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.
2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.
Sag"a*pen (?), n. Sagapenum.
||Sag`a*pe"num (?), n. [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
||sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbnaj, Per. sakbnah,
||sikbnah.] (Med.) A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula.
||It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S.
||Disp.
Sag"a*thy (?), n. [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.] A mixed woven
fabric of silk and cotton, or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light
woolen fabric.
Sage (?), n. [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in
allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A
suffruticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green
foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended
to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament,
as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush.
Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of Salvia (S. pratensis)
growing in meadows in Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with
sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spinach and other
plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of
the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage
grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves
of garden sage. -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse
(Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of
Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is
called sage cock, and the female sage hen. -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit
(Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which
inhabits the arid regions of Western North America and lives among
sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of
the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female
of the sage grouse. -- Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow
(Amphispiza Belli, var. Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of
the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher
(Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the
sagebrush plains of Western North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.), a
species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly
sessile grayish green leaves.
Sage (?), a. [Compar. Sager (?); superl. Sagest.] [F., fr. L. sapius
(only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin
to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.] 1. Having nice discernment and
powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious.
All you sage counselors, hence!
Shak.
2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the
purpose.
Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice,
counseled the general to retreat.
Milton.
3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards] in sage and solemn tunes
have sung." Milton.
Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.
Sage, n. A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man
venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave
philosopher.
At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come,
And guides the Eastern sages.
Milton.
Sage"brush` (?), n. A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of
the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions
of the American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.
Sage"ly, adv. In a sage manner; wisely.
Sa*gene" (?), n. [Russ. sajene.] A Russian measure of length equal to
about seven English feet.
Sage"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity;
prudence; gravity. Ascham.
Sag"e*nite (?), n. [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See Seine.]
(Min.) Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in
quartz.
Sag`e*nit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz
when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly
rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.
Sag"ger (?), n. [See Seggar.] 1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which
fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a seggar.
2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.
Sag"ging (?), n. A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in
consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in
the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.
Sag"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. saginatus, p. p. of saginare to fat, fr.
sagina stuffing.] To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar."
Cowper.
Sag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. saginatio.] The act of fattening or
pampering. [R.] Topsell.
||Sa*git"ta (?), n. [L., an arrow.] 1. (Astron.) A small constellation
||north of Aquila; the Arrow.
2. (Arch.) The keystone of an arch. [R.] Gwilt.
3. (Geom.) The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the
versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its resemblance to an arrow
resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]
4. (Anat.) The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most
fishes.
5. (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having
lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the
type of the class Chætognatha.
Sag"it*tal (?), a. [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. sagittal.] 1. Of or
pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an
arrowlike appendage.
2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region
of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove,
on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane;
mesial; as, a sagittal section of an animal.
Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in
the top of the skull; -- called also rabdoidal suture, and
interparietal suture.
||Sag`it*ta"ri*us (?), n. [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius
||belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth
||of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about
||November 22, marked thus [] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal
||constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting
||an arrow.
Sag"it*ta"ry (?), n. [See Sagittarius.] 1. (Myth.) A centaur; a
fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver.
Shak.
2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure of an
archer over the door. Shak.
Sag"it*ta*ry, a. [L. sagittarius.] Pertaining to, or resembling, an
arrow. Sir T. Browne.
Sag"it*tate (?), a. [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.] Shaped
like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged
downward.
Sag"it*ta`ted (?), a. Sagittal; sagittate.
Sag"it*to*cyst (?), n. [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.) A defensive
cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such
cells are found in certain Turbellaria.
Sa"go (s"g), n. [Malay. sgu.] A dry granulated starch imported from the
East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet
for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is
prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees,
but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous
plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, etc.).
Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint
(Arum maculatum). -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields
sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen (Med.), a
morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the
organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies
looking like grains of sago.
Sa*goin" (?), n. [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American
name).] (Zoöl.) A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.
||Sa"gum (?), n.; pl. Saga (#). [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. &?;. Cf. Say
||a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.) The military cloak of the Roman
||soldiers.
||Sa"gus (?), n. [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.) A genus of palms from which
||sago is obtained.
Sa"gy (?), a. Full of sage; seasoned with sage.
||Sa"hib (?), ||Sa"heb (&?;), n. [Ar. çhib master, lord, fem. çhibah.]
||A respectful title or appellation given to Europeans of rank. [India]
||Sa"hi*bah (?), n. [See Sahib.] A lady; mistress. [India]
Sa*hid"ic (?), a. Same as Thebaic.
Sah"lite (?), n. (Min.) See Salite.
||Sa*hui" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A marmoset.
||Sa"i (?), n. [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.) See Capuchin, 3 (a).
||Sai"bling (?), n. [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.) A European mountain trout
||(Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also Bavarian charr.
Sa"ic (?), n. [F. saïque, Turk. shaïka.] (Naut.) A kind of ketch very
common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen
topsail.
Said (?), imp. & p. p. of Say.
Said, a. Before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid;
-- used chiefly in legal style.
||Sai"ga (?), n. [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.) An antelope (Saiga Tartarica)
||native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has
||erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and
||ears.
Sai"kyr (?), n. (Mil.) Same as Saker. [Obs.]
Sail (?), n. [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal,
G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. √ 153.] 1. An extent of
canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable
as a power for propelling vessels through the water.
Behoves him now both sail and oar.
Milton.
2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.
3. A wing; a van. [Poetic]
Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails.
Spenser.
4. The extended surface of the arm of a windmill.
5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.
In this sense, the plural has usually the same form as the singular;
as, twenty sail were in sight.
6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the
water.
Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails.
Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the
line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with
their foot in line with the keel. A fore- and-aft sail is triangular,
or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech.
Square sails are quadrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases
under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay.
Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending.
-- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. -- Sail hook, a small hook used in
making sails, to hold the seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room
where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a
vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.),
the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. -- Shoulder-of- mutton
sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to
set on a boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. -- To
loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. -- To make sail
(Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail
(Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. -- To set sail
(Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. -- To
shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part.
-- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting,
or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate
pretension. -- Under sail, having the sails spread.
Sail (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.]
[AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.] 1. To be impelled or driven
forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be
impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.
2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.
3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they
sailed from London to Canton.
4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.
5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without
apparent exertion, as a bird.
As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the
lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air.
Shak.
Sail, v. t. 1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails;
hence, to move or journey upon (the water) by means of steam or other
force.
A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea.
Dryden.
2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through.
Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the wingèd gales.
Pope.
3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's
own ship. Totten.
Sail"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a
sailable river.
Sail"boat`, n. A boat propelled by a sail or sails.
Sail"cloth` (?), n. Duck or canvas used in making sails.
Sail"er (?), n. 1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.
2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words descriptive of
speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.
Sail"fish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish
(Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.
Sail"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the
motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of
starting on a voyage.
2. (Naut.) The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as,
globular sailing; oblique sailing.
For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular,
Oblique, Parallel, etc.
Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next
below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under
the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the
hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of
master in 1862.
Sail"less (?), a. Destitute of sails. Pollok.
Sail"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. --
Sail"mak`ing, n.
Sail"or (?), n. One who follows the business of navigating ships or
other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships;
one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.
Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer.
Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus,
or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; -- called also
porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt- water bream. (b) A species
of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food
fish common on the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also
hogfish, and pigfish.
Sail"y (?), a. Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.
Saim (?), n. [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.] Lard;
grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
||Sai*mir" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The squirrel monkey.
Sain (?), obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen. Said. Shak.
Sain, v. t. [Cf. Saint, Sane.] To sanctify; to bless so as to protect
from evil influence. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
Sain"foin (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) +
foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint)
+ foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa)
cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick
trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]
Saint (snt), n. [F., fr. L. sanctus sacred, properly p. p. of sancire
to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to
sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.] 1. A person
sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue;
any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God.
Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints.
1 Cor. i. 2.
2. One of the blessed in heaven.
Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate,
circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing.
Milton.
3. (Eccl.) One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.]
Saint Andrew's cross. (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See
Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum
Crux-Andreæ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's
cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6,
under Cross. -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so
called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession
of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium
flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony
was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.),
the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint
Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapweed (Centaurea solstitialis)
flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard
(Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and
sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in
Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races,
the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. -- Saint
Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-in-a-mist. See under Love.
-- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid
stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabœcia
polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day. See
under Distaff. -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminous, flamelike appearance,
sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point
on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardarms. It has also
been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from
elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a
Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or
a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint
of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a
field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in
the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign,
a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner
next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal
navy of England; -- called also the white ensign. Brande & C. -- Saint
George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the
union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral.
[Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of
soda-lime plate glass, so called from St. Gobain in France, where it
was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree
of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the
nux vomica. -- Saint James's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus)
worn by pilgrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. -- Saint
James's-wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). -- Saint
John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant
of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers;
-- called also John's-wort. -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for
three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England;
-- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.),
a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is
very mucilaginous and is used in medicine. -- Saint Martin's summer, a
season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn
in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St.
Martin's Festival, occurring on November 11. It corresponds to the
Indian summer in America. Shak. Whittier. -- Saint Patrick's cross.
See Illust. 4, under Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March,
anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and
patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory,
under John. -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants,
as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. -- Saint
Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia),
having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white
blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.
-- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the supposed
cures wrought on intercession to this saint.
Saint (snt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.] To
make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of
the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to
(some one).
A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified,
though never sainted.
Addison.
To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety.
Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.
Pope.
Saint, v. i. To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.
Saint"dom (-dm), n. The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.
Saint"ed, a. 1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted
king." Shak.
Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats.
Milton.
2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for dead.
Saint"ess, n. A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.
Saint"hood (?), n. 1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a
saint. Walpole.
2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered
collectively.
It was supposed he felt no call to any expedition that might
endanger the reign of the military sainthood.
Sir W. Scott.
Saint"ish, a. Somewhat saintlike; - - used ironically.
Saint"ism (?), n. The character or quality of saints; also,
hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.
Saint"like` (?), a. Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a
saint; saintly.
Glossed over only with a saintlike show.
Dryden.
Saint"li*ness (?), n. Quality of being saintly.
Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier (?); superl. Saintliest.] Like a saint;
becoming a holy person.
So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity.
Milton.
Saint*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.) One who writes
the lives of saints. [R.]
Saint"ship, n. The character or qualities of a saint.
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an (?), n. A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who
died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in
common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the
members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which
exist. Brande & C.
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism (?), n. The principles, doctrines, or practice
of the Saint-Simonians; -- called also Saint- Simonism.
Saith (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]
Saithe (?), n. [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.) The pollock, or coalfish; --
called also sillock. [Scot.]
Sai"va (? or ?), n. [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.] One of an important
religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.
Sai"vism (?), n. The worship of Siva.
Sa*jene" (?), n. Same as Sagene.
Sa"jou (?; F. &?;), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sapajou.
Sake (sk), n. [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a
cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache
thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth.
sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakam, Icel. saka to
contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive,
defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek.
Cf. Seek.] Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive;
reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly
in such phrases as, for the sake of, for his sake, for man's sake, for
mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain;
to go abroad for the sake of one's health.
Moved with wrath and shame and ladies' sake.
Spenser.
I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake.
Gen. viii. 21.
Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite?
Milton.
Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of
knowledge.
Sir W. Hamilton.
The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for
euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1 Cor. x. 28.
The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. "For both our
sakes." Shak.
Sa"ker (s"kr), n. [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either
fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. "ie`rax falcon, from
"iero`s holy, or more probably from Ar. çaqr hawk.] [Written also
sacar, sacre.] 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern
Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.
The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret.
(b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (Mil.) A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm.
On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers.
Macaulay.
The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the
rampart.
Hawthorne.
Sa"ker*et (s"kr*t), n. [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zoöl.) The male of the
saker (a).
Sa"ki (s"k), n. [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.]
(Zoöl.) Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the
genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is
not prehensile.
The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P. leucocephala),
and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P. chiropotes), are among
the best-known.
Sa"ki (sä"k), n. The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.
Sak"ti (?), n. [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.) The divine energy, personified as
the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.
||Sal (sl), n. [Hind. sl, Skr. çla.] (Bot.) An East Indian timber tree
||(Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light
||brown color, close-grained, heavy, and durable. [Written also saul.]
Sal (sl), n. [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.) Salt.
Sal absinthii [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained
from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). -- Sal acetosellæ
[NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See
Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white
crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained
from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as
a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis.
So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at
the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia.
-- Sal catharticus [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. -- Sal
culinarius [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. -- Sal
Cyrenaicus. [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus,
Sal duplicatum [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called
because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and
one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium
acetate. -- Sal enixum [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. --
Sal gemmæ [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. -- Sal Jovis
[NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the alchemical
name of tin being Jove. -- Sal Martis [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol,
or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being Mars. -- Sal
microcosmicum [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under
Microcosmic. -- Sal plumbi [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. -- Sal
prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. -- Sal
Saturni [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; -- the
alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Sal sedativus [NL.] (Old
Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. -- Sal Seignette [F. seignette,
sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium
carbonate. See under Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli [NL.] (Old Chem.), white
vitriol; zinc sulphate. -- Sal volatile. [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal
ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.
||Sa*laam" (s*läm"), n. Same as Salam.
Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as
he was folding up that letter.
Prof. Wilson.
Sa*laam", v. i. To make or perform a salam.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him.
H. James.
Sal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being salable;
salableness. Duke of Argyll.
Sal"a*ble (?), a. [From Sale.] Capable of being sold; fit to be sold;
finding a ready market. -- Sal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"a*bly, adv.
Sa*la"cious (?), n. [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr.
salire to leap. See Salient.] Having a propensity to venery; lustful;
lecherous. Dryden.
-- Sa*la"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa*la"cious*ness, n.
Sa*lac"i*ty (?), n. [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité] Strong propensity
to venery; lust; lecherousness.
Sal"ad (sl"ad), n. [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to
salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.] 1. A preparation of
vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually
dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a
relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc.
Leaves eaten raw are termed salad.
I. Watts.
2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster,
mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar,
mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad.
Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba),
sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.
Sal"ade (?), n. A helmet. See Sallet.
Sal"ad*ing (?), n. Vegetables for salad.
Sal`æ*ra"tus (?), n. See Saleratus.
Sal"a*gane (?), n. [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.) The esculent
swallow. See under Esculent.
Sal"al-ber`ry (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The
edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from
California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape
and of a dark purple color.
||Sa*lam (s*läm"), n. [Ar. salm peace, safety.] A salutation or
||compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance,
||performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the
||forehead. [Written also salaam.]
Sal"a*man`der (?), n. [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. &?;; cf. Per.
samander, samandel.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Urodela,
belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied
genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their
habits.
The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a
long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related
to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could
live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural
coldness of its body.
I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this
two and thirty years.
Shak.
Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire,
we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth
immediately.
Sir T. Browne.
2. (Zoöl.) The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United
States.
3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated,
and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.
4. A large poker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
5. (Metal.) Solidified material in a furnace hearth.
Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool
(Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.
||Sal`a*man*dri"na (?), n.; pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Urodela,
||comprising salamanders.
Sal`a*man"drine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander;
enduring fire. Addison.
Sal`a*man"droid (?), a. [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining
to the salamanders.
||Sal`a*man*droi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Amphibia
||including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.
Sal"am*stone` (? or ?), n. (Min.) A kind of blue sapphire brought from
Ceylon. Dana.
Sa*lan"ga*na (?), n. The salagane.
Sal"a*ried (?), a. Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a
salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.
Sal"a*ry (?), a. [L. salarius.] Saline [Obs.]
Sal"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Salaries (#). [F. salaire, L. salarium,
originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt,
which was a part of their pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal
salt. See Salt.] The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to
be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as
by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.
This is hire and salary, not revenge.
Shak.
Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a
day or week, is usually called wages.
Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.
Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying
(?).] To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to
salary a clerk; to salary a position.
Sale (?), n. See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.
Sale, n. [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E. sell. See Sell, v. t.] 1. The act
of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the
ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable
consideration, or for a price in money.
2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market.
They shall have ready sale for them.
Spenser.
3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in
market; auction. Sir W. Temple.
Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be
bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to
sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise
of. [Obs.] Milton.
Sale"a*ble (?), a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc. See Salable, Salably, etc.
Sal"eb (?), n. (Med.) See Salep.
Sal`e*bros"i*ty (?), n. Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.
Sal"e*brous (?), a. [L. salebrosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr.
salire to leap.] Rough; rugged. [Obs.]
Sal"ep (sl"p), n. [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word
for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's
testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.] The
dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to
make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with
hot water. U. S. Disp.
Sal`e*ra"tus (?), n. [NL. sal aëratus; -- so called because it is a
source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old
Chem.) Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline
taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under
Sodium.) It is largely used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or
cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingredient of
most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing
drinks.
Sales"man (slz"man), n.; pl. Salesmen (-men). [Sale + man.] One who
sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.
Sales"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Saleswomen (&?;). A woman whose occupation is
to sell goods or merchandise.
Sale"work` (?), n. Work or things made for sale; hence, work done
carelessly or slightingly. Shak.
Sa"lian (?), a. Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves
early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. -- n.
A Salian Frank.
Sa"li*ant (?), a. (Her.) Same as Salient.
Sal"i*aunce (?), a. [See Sally.] Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce
saliaunce." Spenser.
Sal"ic (sl"k), a. [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth
century, formed a body of laws called in Latin leges Salicæ.] Of or
pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also
salique.]
Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth
century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the
inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a
law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned
provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne.
This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of
Europe, as Spain.
Sal`i*ca"ceous (sl`*k"shs), a. [L. salix, -icis, the willow.] Belonging
or relating to the willow.
Sal"i*cin (?), n. [L. salix, - icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See
Sallow the tree.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark and leaves of
several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter
white crystalline substance.
Sal"i*cyl (?), n. [Salicin + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.
Sal"i*cyl`al (?), n. [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.) A thin, fragrant,
colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet
(Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of salicin, saligenin, etc. It
reddens on exposure. Called also salicylol, salicylic aldehyde, and
formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.
Sal"i*cyl`ate (-t), n. (Chem.) A salt of salicylic acid.
Sal`i*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium
hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid)
by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a
white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its
salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
Sal"i*cyl`ide (?), n. [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.
Sal"i*cyl`ite (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of salicylal; -- named after
the analogy of a salt.
Sal"i*cyl`ol (?), n. [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Same as
Salicylal.
Sa*lic"y*lous (? or ?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
substance formerly called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]
Sa"li*ence (?), n. [See Salient.] 1. The quality or condition of being
salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.
2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection;
protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.
Sa"li*en*cy (?), n. Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal
lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.
Sa"li*ent (?), a. [L. saliens, -entis, p. pr. of salire to leap; cf. F.
saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..] 1. Moving by leaps or springs;
leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.
2. Shooting out or up; springing; projecting.
He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly
action.
Burke.
3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent;
conspicuous; noticeable.
He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general
comprehensiveness of mind.
Bancroft.
4. (Math. & Fort.) Projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle; --
opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.
5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient.
Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a
polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.),
a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.
Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.) A salient angle or part; a projection.
Sa"li*ent*ly, adv. In a salient manner.
Sa*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sal salt + -ferous.] Producing, or
impregnated with, salt.
Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some
geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains
beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to
the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.
Sal"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.) Capable
of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia
is salifiable.
Sal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.) The act,
process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.
Sal"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Salifying (?).] [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in
comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a
salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a
base or an acid.
Sa*lig"e*nin (?), n. [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.) A phenol alcohol
obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline
substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.
Sal"i*got (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) The water chestnut (Trapa natans).
Sal*im"e*ter (?), n. [L. sal salt + -meter.] An instrument for
measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written
also salometer.]
Sal*im"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the amount of salt
in a substance.
Sa*li"na (?), n. [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See
Saline, a.] 1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.
2. Salt works.
Sa*li"na pe"ri*od (?). [So called from Salina, a town in New York.]
(Geol.) The period in which the American Upper Silurian system,
containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed.
See the Chart of Geology.
Sal`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs.]
Greenhill.
Sa"line (? or ?; 277), a. [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae
salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.] 1. Consisting of salt, or
containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline
cathartic.
2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.
Sa"line (? or ?; 277), n. [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.] A salt
spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.
Sal"ine (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root
residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]
2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium,
lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.
Sa*line"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt; saltness.
Sal`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Saline + -ferous.] Same as Saliferous.
Sa*lin"i*form (?), a. Having the form or the qualities of a salt,
especially of common salt.
Sa*lin"i*ty (?), n. Salineness. Carpenter.
Sal`i*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Saline + -meter.] A salimeter.
Sa*lin"ous (?), a. Saline. [Obs.]
Sal"ique (? or ?), a. [F.] Salic. Shak.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique.
Tennyson.
Sal`i*re"tin (?), n. [Saligenin + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) A yellow
amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on
saligenin.
||Sal`is*bu"ri*a (?), n. [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English
||botanist.] (Bot.) The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia
||adiantifolia).
Sal"ite (?), v. t. [L. salitus, p. p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.]
To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]
Sa"lite (?), n. [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.) A
massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written
also sahlite.]
Sa*li"va (?), n. [L.; cf. Gr. &?;.] (Physiol.) The secretion from the
salivary glands.
In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid,
generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid,
submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed
with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the
individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and
these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed
saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the
salivary glands, is an important digestive fluid on account of the
presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
Sa*li"val (?; 277), a. Salivary.
Sal"i*vant (?), a. [L. salivans, p. pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]
Producing salivation.
Sal"i*vant, n. That which produces salivation.
Sal"i*va*ry (?), a. [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.]
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva;
as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.
Sal"i*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Salivating.] [L. salivatus, p. p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.]
To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or
ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury.
Sal`i*va"tion (?), n. [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.) The
act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often
accompanied with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.
It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in
mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by
some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.
Sa*li"vous (?), a. [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.] Pertaining to
saliva; of the nature of saliva.
||Sa"lix (?), n.; pl. Salices (#). [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus
||of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing
||usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.
Sal"len*ders (?), n. pl. [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.) An eruption
on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.]
On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the
bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called
"mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg.
Youatt.
Sal"let (sl"lt), n. [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L.
(cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So
called from the figures engraved upon it.] A light kind of helmet, with
or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also
salade.]
Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved.
Latimer.
{ Sal"let, Sal"let*ing }, n. Salad. [Obs.] Shak.
Sal"li*ance (?), n. Salience. [Obs.]
Sal"low (sl"l), n. [OE. salwe, AS. sealh; akin to OHG. salaha, G.
salweide, Icel. selja, L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W.
helyg, Gr. "eli`kh.] 1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson.
And bend the pliant sallow to a shield.
Fawkes.
The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb.
Emerson.
2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow, especially those
which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc.
Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides)
much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making
jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.
Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower (?); superl. Sallowest.] [AS. salu; akin
to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.] Having a yellowish color;
of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.
Sal"low, v. t. To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]
July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields.
Lowell.
Sal"low*ish, a. Somewhat sallow. Dickens.
Sal"low*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.
Sal"ly (sl"l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sallying.] [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to Gr.
"a`llesqai; cf. Skr. s to go, to flow. Cf. Salient, Assail, Assault,
Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.] To leap or rush out; to burst
forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to
attack besiegers; to make a sally.
They break the truce, and sally out by night.
Dryden.
The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host.
Byron.
Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies (#). [F. saillie, fr. saillir. See Sally, v.]
1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.
2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption;
specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the
besiegers; a sortie.
Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with
loss.
Bacon.
3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation.
Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into
it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still
round in the same track.
Locke.
4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of
a quick and active mind.
The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of
levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.
The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth.
Sir H. Wotton.
Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from
the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a
sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the
escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in
an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.
Sal"ly Lunn" (?). [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first
made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.] A tea cake
slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits
or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.
Sal"ly*man (?), n. (Zoöl.) The velella; -- called also saleeman.
Salm (?), n. Psalm. [Obs2E] Piers Plowman.
Sal`ma*gun"di (?), n. [F. salmigondis, of uncertain origin; perhaps
from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see
Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de
Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat,
and F. salmis a ragout.] 1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled
herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.
2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a
potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.
Sal"mi (?), n. (Cookery) Same as Salmis.
Sal"mi*ac (?), n. [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.) Sal
ammoniac. See under Sal.
||Sal`mis" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A ragout of partly roasted game
||stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke
||appetite.
Salm"on (sm"n), n.; pl. Salmons (-nz) or (collectively) Salmon. [OE.
saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis, perhaps from salire
to leap. Cf. Sally, v.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes
of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar)
of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California
salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are
extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.
The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn.
They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable
falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has
been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally
it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr,
peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or
Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North
America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast
salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. --
Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long
confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented
it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon.
Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called
salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or
southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock,
called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.
2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon.
Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to
California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.),
a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and
Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, Salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under
Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device
for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European
sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and
has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A
name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout
(Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the
Pacific coast.
Salm"on, a. Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh
of the salmon.
Salm"on*et (?), n. [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.) A salmon of small size; a
samlet.
Sal"mon*oid (?), a. [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to,
the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n.
Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.
Sal"o*gen (?), n. [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.) A halogen. [Obs.]
Sal"ol (?), n. [Salicylic + - ol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
substance consisting of phenol salicylate.
sa*lom"e*ter (?), n. See Salimeter.
Sa*lom"e*try (?), n. Salimetry.
||Sa`lon" (?), n. [F. See Saloon.] An apartment for the reception of
||company; hence, in the plural, fashionable parties; circles of
||fashionable society.
Sa*loon" (s*ln"), n. [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large
room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G.
saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to
dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil
ground, earth.] 1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception
of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for
public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the
saloon of a steamboat.
The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . .
gave banquets and balls.
Macaulay.
2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or
grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon.
We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at
Athens.]
J. P. Mahaffy.
Sa*loop" (s*lp"), n. An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and
other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict.
Econ. Plants).
Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the
Goosefoot family, used for fodder.
Salp (slp), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.
||Sal"pa (sl"p), n.; pl. L. Salpæ (-p), E. Salpas (-pz). [NL.: cf. L.
||salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent, tubular,
||free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer
||latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.
Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary,
and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other
kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain,
or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the
chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.
{ Sal"pi*an (?), Sal"pid (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) A salpa.
Sal"pi*con (?), n. [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.] Chopped meat, bread,
etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce.
Bacon.
||Sal`pin*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the salpinx.
||Sal"pinx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a trumpet.] (Old Anat.) The
||Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.
Sal"sa*fy (?), n. (Bot.) See Salsify.
Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine,
pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p. p. of salire to salt.] Salt;
salted; saline. [R.]
Salse (?), n. [F.] A mud volcano, the water of which is often
impregnated with salts, whence the name.
Sal"si*fy (?; 277), n. [F. salsifis.] (Bot.) See Oyster plant (a),
under Oyster.
Sal"so-ac`id (?), a. [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.] Having a
taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]
Sal`so"da (?), n. See Sal soda, under Sal.
||Sal"so*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain
||alkaline salts.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the glasswort.
||See Glasswort.
sal*su"gi*nous (?), a. [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness, from salsus
salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.) Growing in brackish places or
in salt marshes.
Salt (?), n. [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G. salz,
Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. &?;, Russ. sole, Ir. & Gael.
salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline,
Sauce, Sausage.] 1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for
seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native
in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization,
from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.
2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.
Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some
salt of our youth in us.
Shak.
3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.
4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.
I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver
salts.
Pepys.
5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.]
Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping,
clusters of old salts.
Hawthorne.
6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a
base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or
green vitriol.
Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid
radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the
elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side
products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and
tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing
respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts. See Phrases below.
7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which
purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction;
as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.
Ye are the salt of the earth.
Matt. v. 13.
8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially
Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
9. pl. Marshes flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.]
Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old
custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar
near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned
to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors,
and poor relations. See Saltfoot.
His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in
clothes. He never drinks below the salt.
B. Jonson.
-- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several
replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for
metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an
acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an
acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong
acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though
theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt
which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt
(Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of
two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt
(Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is
required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt
(Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of
two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an
acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the
union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium
sulphate. See under Double. -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. --
Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystallizing plant
juices. -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt
or salts. See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a
halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See
under Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a) A salt in which the
acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives
a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen
acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a
peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt
which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt
(Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. --
Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.),
succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or
sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac,
or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn,
under Hartshorn. -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below.
-- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the
alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of Seignette. Same as
Rochelle salt. -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. -- Salt
of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium
quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because
found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt
of lemon. -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so
called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium
tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper
sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus. -- Salt of
wisdom. See Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid.
-- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or
analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. --
Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing
sulphur in place of oxygen.
Salt (?), a. [Compar. Salter (?); superl. Saltest.] [AS. sealt, salt.
See Salt, n.] 1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing,
salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt
beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.
2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt
grass.
3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me.
Shak.
4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak.
Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for
evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. -- Salt bottom, a flat piece
of ground covered with saline efflorescences. [Western U.S.] Bartlett.
-- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium
sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the
manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt fish. (a)
Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been
salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt garden, an
arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production
of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. --
Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a
salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt
beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n. -- Salt marsh,
grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. -- Salt-marsh
caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acræa which
is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops.
Called also woolly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear,
under Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite
herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt
marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail.
-- Salt- marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond- back. -- Salt mine, a
mine where rock salt is obtained. -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for
making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where
salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. --
Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. -- Salt rising, a kind
of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt
raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from
the sea. -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring,
a spring of salt water. -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree
(Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian
region and in Siberia. -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as
that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also,
tears.
Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water
blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here.
Shak.
-- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.)
See Bluefish.
Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.] 1. To
sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in
brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt
cattle.
2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the
preservation of the timber.
To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to
deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt
down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs,
etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.
Salt (?), v. i. To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine
begins to salt.
Salt (?), n. [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.] The act of leaping or
jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Sal"tant (?), a. [L. saltans, p. pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens.
fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.] 1. Leaping; jumping;
dancing.
2. (Her.) In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied
especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat,
greyhound, monkey, etc.
||Sal`ta*rel"la (?), n. See Saltarello.
||Sal`ta*rel"lo (?), n. [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.] A popular
||Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets,
||but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.
Sal"tate (?), v. i. [See Saltant.] To leap or dance. [R.]
Sal*ta"tion (?), n. [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.] 1. A leaping or
jumping.
Continued his saltation without pause.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.
3. (Biol.) An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or
appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to
new races.
We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the
way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise
to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known
forms.
Huxley.
||Sal`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Orthoptera
||including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.
Sal`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. 1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as,
saltatorial exercises.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the
Saltatoria.
Sal`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. Capable of leaping; formed for leaping;
saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.
Sal"ta*to"ry (?), a. [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.]
Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or
dancing.
Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the
transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come
sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. -- Saltatory spasm (Med.),
an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the
patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary
motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.
Salt"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of
the Goosefoot family.
Salt"cat` (?), n. A mixture of salt, coarse meal, lime, etc.,
attractive to pigeons.
Salt"cel*lar (?), n. [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from
L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.] Formerly a large vessel, now a
small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the
table.
Salt"er (?), n. One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts
meat or fish.
Salt"ern (?), n. A building or place where salt is made by boiling or
by evaporation; salt works.
Salt"foot` (?), n. A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center
of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.
Salt"-green (?), a. Sea-green in color. Shak.
Salt"ie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European dab.
Sal"tier (?), n. See Saltire.
||Sal`ti*gra"dæ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of
||spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey;
||the leaping spiders.
Sal"ti*grade (?), a. [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F.
saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) Having feet or legs formed for leaping.
Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Saltigradæ, a tribe of spiders
which leap to seize their prey.
Sal`tim*ban"co (?), n. [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a
bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.] A mountebank; a
quack. [Obs.] [Written also santinbanco.]
Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans.
Sir T. Browne.
Salt"ing (?), n. 1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing,
with salt.
2. A salt marsh.
Sal"tire (?), n. [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup,
fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.) A St.
Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of the honorable
ordinaries.
Sal"tire*wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a saltire; -- said
especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in
the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the
center.
Salt"ish (?), a. Somewhat salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. -- Salt"ish*ness,
n.
Salt"less, a. Destitute of salt; insipid.
Salt"ly, adv. With taste of salt; in a salt manner.
Salt"mouth` (?), n. A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for
holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.
Salt"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt, or state of being
salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea
water.
{ Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre }, (&?;), n. [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae,
literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it exudes from
rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.) Potassium nitrate;
niter; a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline
taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced
by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an
antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic,
and refrigerant.
Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium
nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3,
having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by
leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is
deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid
(Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from
saltpeter.
Salt`pe"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. salpêtreux.] Pertaining to saltpeter, or
partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]
Salt" rheum (?). (Med.) A popular name, esp. in the United States, for
various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See
Eczema.
Salt"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants which grow on
the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort.
Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.
Salt"y (?), a. Somewhat salt; saltish.
Sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin
to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.] Favorable to health; healthful;
promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.
Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.
-- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.
Sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.]
The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of
health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity
of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry smell of
salubrity." G. W. Cable.
Sa*lue" (?), v. t. [F. saluer. See Salute.] To salute. [Obs.]
There was no "good day" and no saluyng.
Chaucer.
Sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health, safety:
cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.] 1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting
health; as, salutary exercise.
2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose;
beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.
Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful;
advantageous; profitable.
-- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly (#), adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.
Sal`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.]
The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary
words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or
courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting.
In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of
salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober
persons.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute.
Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of
recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or
communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving,
chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of
legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and
is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used
especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly
and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is
now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not
expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their
embarrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when
they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute.
Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the
synagogues, and greetings in the markets.
Luke xi. 43.
When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her
womb.
Luke i. 41.
I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three
friends.
Addison.
Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an (?), n. The student who pronounces the salutatory
oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, --
an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who
ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]
Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of salutation.
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. salutatorius. See Salute.] Containing or
expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; -- applied
especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the
Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n. 1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a
porch. [Obs.] Milton.
2. (American Colleges) The salutatory oration.
Sa*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.]
[L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See
Salubrious.] 1. To address, as with expressions of kind wishes and
courtesy; to greet; to hail.
I salute you with this kingly title.
Shak.
2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or
ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.
You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the
freedom to salute it.
Addison.
3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a
discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.
4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.]
"If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.
Sa*lute" (?), n. [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.] 1. The act of saluting,
or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.
2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or
respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.
3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or
official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival
or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of
small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.
Sa*lut"er (?), n. One who salutes.
Sal`u*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to
bring.] Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as,
salutiferous air. [R.]
Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous.
Cudworth.
Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.
Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. Salutarily. [R.]
Sal`va*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being salvable;
salvableness. [R.]
In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible
outside the communion of the visible organization.
A. V. G. Allen.
Sal"va*ble (?), a. [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.]
Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More.
-- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"va*bly, adv.
Sal"vage (?; 48), n. [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L.
salvare. See Save.] 1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, from
perils of the sea.
Salvage of life from a British ship, or a foreign ship in British
waters, ranks before salvage of goods.
Encyc. Brit.
2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who
voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That
part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.
Sal"vage, a. & n. Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.
Sal*va"tion (?), n. [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L.
salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.] 1. The act of saving;
preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great
calamity.
2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability
to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness.
To earn salvation for the sons of men.
Milton.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.
2. Cor. vii. 10.
3. Saving power; that which saves.
Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which
he will show to you to-day.
Ex. xiv. 13.
Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian
evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It
is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The
evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank,
that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their
phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.
Sal*va"tion*ist, n. An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the
Salvation Army.
Sal"va*to*ry (?), n. [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.] A place
where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.
||Sal"ve (?), interj. [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to
||be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.] Hail!
Sal"ve (? or ?), v. t. To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.]
By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved
them.
Spenser.
Salve (?; 277), n. [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve,
zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salfva, Goth. salbn to anoint, and
probably to Gr. (Hesychius) &?; oil, &?; butter, Skr. sarpis clarified
butter. √155, 291.] 1. An adhesive composition or substance to be
applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.
2. A soothing remedy or antidote.
Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores.
Milton.
Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora),
parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the
preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.
Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] [AS.
sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.] 1. To heal by applications or
medicaments; to cure by remedial treatment; to apply salve to; as, to
salve a wound. Shak.
2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an
ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over.
But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds.
Spenser.
What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence?
Milton.
Salve (?), v. t. & i. [See Salvage] To save, as a ship or goods, from
the perils of the sea. [Recent]
Salv"er (?), n. One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a
quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]
Sal"ver (?), n. [Cf. Salvage.] A salvor. Skeat.
Sal"ver (?), n. [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before
they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the
food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.] A tray or
waiter on which anything is presented.
Sal"ver-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.) Tubular, with a spreading border. See
Hypocraterimorphous.
||Sal"vi*a (?), n. [L., sage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the
||sage. See Sage.
Sal*vif"ic (?), a. [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to
make.] Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]
Sal"vo (?), n.; pl. Salvos (#). [L. salvo jure, literally, the right
being reserved. See Safe.] An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations.
Eikon Basilike.
Sal"vo, n. [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve
hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.]
1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in
endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.
2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a
number of cannon.
Sal"vor (?), n. [See Salvation, Save] (Law) One who assists in saving a
ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so.
Wheaton.
Sam (?), adv. [AS. same. See Same, a.] Together. [Obs.] "All in that
city sam." Spenser.
Sa*ma"ra (? or ?), n. [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.)
A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the
ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.
Sam"are (?), n. See Simar.
Sa*mar"i*tan (?), a. [L. Samaritanus.] Of or pertaining to Samaria, in
Palestine. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language
of Samaria.
Sa*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.) A rare metallic
element of doubtful identity.
Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain
minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with
other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the
doubtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex
mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm.
Provisional atomic weight 150.2.
Sam"a*roid (?; 277), a. [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a samara, or
winged seed vessel.
Sa*mar"ra (?), n. See Simar.
Sa*mar"skite (?), a. [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.) A rare mineral
having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of
uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.
Sam"bo, n. [Sp. zambo, sambo.] A colloquial or humorous appellation for
a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a
zambo.
Sam"boo (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sambur.
||Sam*bu"cus (?), n. [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and
||trees; the elder.
Sam"buke (?), n. [L. sambuca, Gr. &?;.] (Mus.) An ancient stringed
instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is
unknown.
Sam"bur (?), n. [Hind. smbar, sbar.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian deer (Rusa
Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three
prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the
genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).
Same (?), a. [AS. same, adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam,
a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth.
sama, Russ. samuii, Gr. &?;, Skr. sama, Gr. &?; like, L. simul at the
same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. √191. Cf.
Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar,
Some.] 1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical;
unchanged.
Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.
Ps. cii. 27.
2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing
in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding;
not discordant; similar; like.
The ethereal vigor is in all the same.
Dryden.
3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned.
What ye know, the same do I know.
Job. xiii. 2.
Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his
country to relieve.
Daniel.
Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used
substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is
followed by as or with.
Bees like the same odors as we do.
Lubbock.
[He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend.
Macaulay.
Same"li*ness (?), n. Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.
Same"ness, n. 1. The state of being the same; identity; absence of
difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a
sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like.
"A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.
2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.
Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.
Sa*mette" (?), n. See Samite. [Obs.]
Sa"mi*an (?), a. [L. Samius.] Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.
Fill high the cup with Samian wine.
Byron.
Samian earth, a species of clay from Samos, formerly used in medicine
as an astringent.
Sa"mi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Samos.
Sa"mi*el (?; 277), n. [Turk. sam- yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel
wind. Cf. Simoom.] A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in
Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and
the kamsin of Syria.
Sa"mi*ot (?), a. & n. [Cf. F. samiote.] Samian.
Sa"mite (?), a. [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. &?;, &?;
woven with six threads; Gr. &?; six + &?; a thread. See Six, and cf.
Dimity.] A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with
gold. Tennyson.
In silken samite she was light arrayed.
Spenser.
Sam"let (?), n. [Cf. Salmonet.] The parr.
Sam"mi*er (?), n. A machine for pressing the water from skins in
tanning. Knight.
Sa*mo"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly
called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their
inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.
||Sa"mo*var (?), n. [Russ. samovar'.] A metal urn used in Russia for
||making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal
||placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the
||urn.
Sam`oy*edes" (?), n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (&?;). (Ethnol.) An ignorant
and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia
and a part of Siberia.
Samp (?), n. [From American Indian spac, saupac, made soft, or
thinned.] An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised,
which is cooked by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.
||Sam"pan (?), n. (Naut.) A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet
||long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent
||habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]
Sam"phire (? or ?; 277), n. [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and
Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European
plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along
the seacoast, and is used for pickles.
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade!
Shak.
(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in
England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of
the West Indies.
Golden samphire. See under Golden.
Sam"ple (?), n. [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L.
exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.] 1. Example; pattern.
[Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak.
Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed.
Fairfax.
2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of
the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by
samples.
I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to
discuss.
Woodward.
Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.
Sam"ple, v. t. 1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp.
Hall.
2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar,
teas, wools, cloths.
Sam"pler (?), n. [See Exampler, Exemplar.] 1. One who makes up samples
for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool
sampler.
2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework
patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to
display the skill of the worker.
Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how
to make that W you bothered over.
E. E. Hale.
||Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (&?;), n. [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.] A
||spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in
||which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.
Sam"son (?), n. An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.),
distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary
physical strength.
Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and
supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pillar
carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C.
(b) In deep-well boring, the post which supports the walking beam of
the apparatus.
San`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sanable;
sanableness; curableness.
San"a*ble (?), a. [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound,
healthy. See Sane.] Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of
remedy.
Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.
San"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being sanable.
Sa*na"tion (?), n. [L. sanatio. See Sanable.] The act of healing or
curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.
San"a*tive (?), a. [LL. sanativus.] Having the power to cure or heal;
healing; tending to heal; sanatory. -- San"a*tive*ness, n.
San`a*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Sanatory.] An establishment for the
treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.
San"a*to*ry (?), a. [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sanare to heal. See
Sanable.] Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative;
sanative.
Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as
quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc.
De Quincey.
Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies
conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of
pertaining to health.
||San`be*ni"to (?), n. [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack
||+ benedictus blessed.] 1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by
||penitents on being reconciled to the church.
2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures,
etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and
were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.
{ Sance"-bell` (?), Sanc"te bell` (?) }, n. See Sanctus bell, under
Sanctus.
Sanc"ti*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L. sanctificatus, p. p. of sanctificare.]
To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.
Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.]
1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the state of being sanctified
or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the
affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world,
and exalted to a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus
purified or sanctified.
God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through
sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth.
2 Thess. ii. 13.
2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart for a sacred purpose;
consecration. Bp. Burnet.
Sanc"ti*fied (?), a. Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity;
sanctimonious.
Sanc"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically,
the Holy Spirit.
Sanc"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctifying (?).] [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.] 1. To make sacred or
holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by
appropriate rites; to hallow.
God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.
Gen. ii. 3.
Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garments.
Lev. viii. 30.
2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and
pollution; to purify.
Sanctify them through thy truth.
John xvii. 17.
3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of
holiness or piety.
A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me
repent of that unjust act.
Eikon Basilike.
4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title
to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to
give sanction to.
The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the
bliss by law.
Dryden.
Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.
Pope.
Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly (?), adv. In a manner or degree tending to sanctify
or make holy.
Sanc*til"o*quent (?), a. [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to
speak.] Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ] Sanctimonious.
[Obs.]
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [See Sanctimony.] 1. Possessing sanctimony;
holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.
2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically
devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak.
-- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
Sanc"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF.
sanctimonie. See Saint.] Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity;
sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or
pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness.
Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with
most austere sanctimony she accomplished.
Shak.
Sanc"tion (?), n. [L. sanctio, from sancire, sanctum to render sacred
or inviolable, to fix unalterably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.] 1.
Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by
which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or
body; establishment or furtherance of anything by giving authority to
it; confirmation; approbation.
The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their
testimony.
I. Watts.
2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of
another; as, legal sanctions.
Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authority; countenance; support.
Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctioning.] To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous
experiments.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.
Sanc"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.
Sanc"ti*tude (?), n. [L. sanctitudo.] Holiness; sacredness; sanctity.
[R.] Milton.
Sanc"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Sanctities (#). [L. sanctitas, from sanctus
holy. See Saint.] 1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy;
holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness.
To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the
imputation of irreligion.
Macaulay.
2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as,
the sanctity of an oath.
3. A saint or holy being. [R.]
About him all the sanctities of heaven.
Milton.
Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity;
religiousness; sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.
Sanc"tu*a*rize (?), v. t. To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred
privileges. [Obs.] Shak.
Sanc"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Sanctuaries (#). [OE. seintuarie, OF.
saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred,
holy. See Saint.] A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and
inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the
temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the
ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter
except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the
people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple
at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious
building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is
placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where
divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of
worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and
protection; shelter; refuge; protection.
These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privilege of
sanctuary.
Milton.
The admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but
some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the
common destiny.
Dryden.
Sanc"tum (?), n. [L., p. p. of sancire to consecrate.] A sacred place;
hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an
editor's sanctum.
||Sanctum sanctorum [L.], the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as
||in the Jewish temple.
Sanc"tus (?), n. [L. sanctus, p. p. of sancire.] 1. (Eccl.) A part of
the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service,
of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy,
holy, holy]; -- called also Tersanctus.
2. (Mus.) An anthem composed for these words.
Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex
of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a
hand bell is now often used; -- so called because rung at the singing
of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and
again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring
bell, saints' bell, sance-bell, sancte bell.
Sand (?), n. [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel.
sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr. &?;.] 1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of
siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form
of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet.
That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small
pebbles.
Woodward.
2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.
3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the
term or extent of one's life.
The sands are numbered that make up my life.
Shak.
4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia
and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the
tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o' Dee." C. Kingsley.
5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang]
Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand bag.
(a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in
fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used
as a club by assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a
ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot
sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are
partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot
sand. -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally
or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten
metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand birds
(Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds,
such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called
also shore birds. -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting
glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam
jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box.
(a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with
sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the
rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box
tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a
depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts
with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. --
Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea)
which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by
fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular
vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral
ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in
function. -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand
collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a)
The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand crack (Far.), a
crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's
hoof, which often causes lameness. -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of
several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus
Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the
Western United States. -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidioid fish. See
Illust. under Ophidioid. -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder
(Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty dab. The name is also
applied locally to other allied species. -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a
small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). --
Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular
sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius
parma of the American coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a
mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or
launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus,
having barbels about the mouth. -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up
into flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which
inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea.
(b) The chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or
orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand flood, a vast body of
sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a)
The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes
microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. --
Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies
of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium
nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of
their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. -- Sand
gall. (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species
of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis
purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves,
growing on the Atlantic coast. <! p. 1274 pr=PCP !> -- Sand grouse
(Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the
suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called
also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the
genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large
sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and
the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See
Illust. under Pterocletes. -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. --
Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). --
Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. -- Sand hornet
(Zoöl.), a sand wasp. -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala
raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the
ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The
Australian red- capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called
also red-necked plover. -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. --
Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). -- Sand
martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat.
-- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius)
which inhabits dry localities. -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. -- Sand partridge
(Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus
Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species
(A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A.
Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and
teehoo. -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different
colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger.
(b) The lizard fish. -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form
of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the
Sahara and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few
inches to several feet in depth, occurring especially in calcareous
rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand
gall. -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small British lamprey now considered to
be the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey. -- Sand pump,
in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the
bottom for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket
gopher. -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand runner
(Zoöl.), the turnstone. -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg
capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied
genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with
fine sand; -- called also sand collar. -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an
amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the
sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an
American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the
Eastern United States; -- called also gray shark, and dogfish shark.
See Illust. under Remora. -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several
species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the
ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. -- Sand
skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a
silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of
harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially E. jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by
snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the
sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy
sea bottoms; a brittle star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven
violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker. -- Sand swallow
(Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of
sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of
lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c)
(Zoöl.) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall,
which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. -- Sand
viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of
numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families
Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female
provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by
stinging, and which serve as food for her young.
Sand (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.] 1. To
sprinkle or cover with sand.
2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.
3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.
4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]
San"dal (?), n. Same as Sendal.
Sails of silk and ropes of sandal.
Longfellow.
San"dal, n. Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.
San"dal, n. [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, probably
from Per. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to
the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but
not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel
openings across the instep.
San"daled (?), a. 1. Wearing sandals.
The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet.
Longfellow.
2. Made like a sandal.
San*dal"i*form (?), a. [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a sandal or
slipper.
San"dal*wood (?), n. [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr.
sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a)
The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and
Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the
same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium,
the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several
other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a
tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn,
used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus).
False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus
Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. -- Red
sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two
leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera
pavonina); -- called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and
rubywood.
{ San"da*rach, San"da*rac }, (&?;), n. [L. sandaraca, Gr. &?;.] 1.
(Min.) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]
2. (Bot. Chem.) A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree
(Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for
pounce; -- probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.
Sand"bag`ger (?), n. An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand
bag, under Sand.
Sand"-blind` (?), a. [For sam blind half blind; AS. sm- half (akin to
semi- ) + blind.] Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.
Sand"ed, a. 1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.
2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy
color, as a hound. Shak.
3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]
San`de*ma"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Robert Sandeman, a
Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.
San`de*ma"ni*an*ism (?), n. The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A.
Fuller.
San"der*ling (?), n. [Sand + - ling. So called because it obtains its
food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zoöl.) A small
gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy
beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark,
stint, and ruddy plover.
San"ders (?), n. [See Sandal.] An old name of sandalwood, now applied
only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.
San"ders-blue" (?), n. See Saunders-blue.
San"de*ver (?), n. See Sandiver. [Obs.]
Sand"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of
North America (Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.
Sand"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time by the running of
sand. See Hourglass.
Sand"hill`er (?), n. A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the
pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina.
[U.S.]
Sand"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of
a sandy color.
Sand"ish, a. Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
San"di*ver (?), n. [Perh. fr. OF. saïn grease, fat + de of + verre
glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.] A whitish substance
which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion,
and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also glass gall.
[Formerly written also sandever.]
||San"dix (?), n. [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like
||vermilion, Gr. &?;, &?;.] A kind of minium, or red lead, made by
||calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written
||also sandyx.] [Obs.]
Sand"man` (?), n. A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that
they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.
Sand"neck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European flounder (Hippoglossoides
limandoides); -- called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and
sand sucker.
Sand"pa`per (?), n. Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, --
used for smoothing and polishing.
Sand"pa`per, v. t. To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper
a door.
Sand"pi`per (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small
limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and
various allied genera of the family Tringidæ.
The most important North American species are the pectoral sandpiper
(Tringa maculata), called also brownback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe;
the red-backed, or black- breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina);
the purple sandpiper (T. maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot
(T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the
spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the
buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian
sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European
species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the
common sandpiper (Actitis, or Tringoides, hypoleucus), called also
fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small
plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.
2. (Zoöl.) A small lamprey eel; the pride.
Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See under
Stilt.
Sand"pit` (?), n. A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been
taken.
San"dre (?), n. (Zoöl.) A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields
a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.
Sand"stone` (?), n. A rock made of sand more or less firmly united.
Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.
Different names are applied to the various kinds of sandstone according
to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc.
Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer- grained variety of itacolumite,
which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite
flexible. -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of
British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the
other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old
and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still
retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian
age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the
strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the
Chart of Geology.
Sand"wich (?; 277), n. [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.] Two pieces of
bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like,
between them.
Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Sandwiching.] To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert
between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or
things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.
Sand"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids
which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids
of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand
on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The
chigoe, a species of flea.
Sand"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted
herbs (order Caryophyllaceæ.)
Sand"y (?), a. [Compar. Sandier (?); superl. Sandiest.] [AS. sandig.]
1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand;
covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.
2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy
hair.
||San"dyx (?), n. [L.] See Sandix.
Sane (?), a. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, safe, sound. Cf. Sound, a.]
1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; --
said of the mind.
2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental
faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of
the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; -- said of persons.
Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.
Sane"ness, n. The state of being sane; sanity.
Sang (?), imp. of Sing.
{ ||San"ga (?), San"gu (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) The Abyssinian ox (Bos or
Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a
hump on its back.
San`ga*ree" (?), n. [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood,
L. sanguis.] Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West
Indian drink.
||Sang`-froid" (?), n. [F., cold blood.] Freedom from agitation or
||excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference;
||calmness. Burke.
San"gi*ac (?), n. See Sanjak.
{ San`graal" (?), San"gre*al (?) }, n. [See Saint, and Grail.] See Holy
Grail, under Grail.
San*guif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)
Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins,
capillaries.
San`gui*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.]
(Physiol.) The production of blood; the conversion of the products of
digestion into blood; hematosis.
San"gui*fi`er (?), n. A producer of blood.
San*guif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.] Flowing or
running with blood.
San"gui*fy (?), v. t. [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.] To
produce blood from.
San*guig"e*nous (?), a. [L. sanguis + -genous.] Producing blood; as,
sanguigenous food.
San`gui*na"ceous (?), n. Of a blood-red color; sanguine.
||San`gui*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.] 1. (Bot.) A
||genus of plants of the Poppy family.
Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a
perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and
solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.
2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.
San"gui*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a sanguinary manner.
San"gui*na*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being sanguinary.
San"gui*na*ry (?), a. [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf. F.
sanguinaire.] 1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a
sanguinary war, contest, or battle.
We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary
persecutions to force consciences.
Bacon.
2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.
Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary.
Broome.
Syn. -- Bloody; murderous; bloodthirsty; cruel.
San"gui*na*ry, n. [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood:
cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The
Sanguinaria.
San"guine (?), a. [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood. Cf.
Sanguineous.] 1. Having the color of blood; red.
Of his complexion he was sanguine.
Chaucer.
Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe.
Milton.
2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a
sanguine bodily temperament.
3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.
4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as,
sanguine of success.
Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.
San"guine, n. 1. Blood color; red. Spenser.
2. Anything of a blood-red color, as cloth. [Obs.]
In sanguine and in pes he clad was all.
Chaucer.
3. (Min.) Bloodstone.
4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.
San"guine, v. t. To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to;
to ensanguine.
San"guine*less, a. Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]
San"guine*ly, adv. In a sanguine manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.
Burke.
San"guine*ness, n. The quality of being sanguine.
San*guin"e*ous (?), a. [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.] 1. Abounding with
blood; sanguine.
2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T.
Browne.
3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.
san*guin"i*ty, n. The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.
San"gui*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.] Subsisting
on blood.
San*guin"o*len*cy (?), n. The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.
San*guin"o*lent (?), a. [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F.
sanguinolent.] Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent
sputa.
San"gui*suge (?), n. [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.]
(Zoöl.) A bloodsucker, or leech.
San*guiv"o*rous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)
Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats and other
animals. See Vampire.
{ San"he*drin (?), San"he*drim (?) }, n. [Heb. sanhedrn, fr. Gr. &?;;
&?; with + &?; a seat, fr. &?; to sit. See Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.) the
great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom
the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.
San"he*drist (?), n. A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's
Com.).
||San"hi*ta (?), n. [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.] A collection
||of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each
||Veda.
San"i*cle (?), n. [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.) Any plant of the
umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.
San"i*dine (?), n. [Gr. &?;. &?;, a board. So called in allusion to the
tabular crystals.] (Min.) A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in
certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called also glassy feldspar.
||Sa"ni*es (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged
||from ulcers or foul wounds.
Sa"ni*ous (?), a. [L. saniosus, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.] 1. (Med.)
Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin
and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an
ulcer.
2. (med.) Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.
San`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of
health; sanitary.
San`i*ta"ri*an, n. An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially
interested or versed in sanitary measures.
San"i*ta*rist (?), n. A sanitarian.
San`i*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Sanitary.] A health station or retreat;
a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.
San"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See Sanity.]
Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health;
relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as,
sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory.
Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.
San`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of rendering sanitary; the science of
sanitary conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary
measures; hygiene.
How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century.
H. Hartshorne.
San"i*ty (?), n. [L. sanitas, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.] The
condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or
mind, especially of the mind; saneness.
San"jak (?), n. [Turk. sanjg.] A district or a subvision of a vilayet.
[Turkey]
Sank (?), imp. of Sink.
||Sank"ha (?), n. [Skr. çankha a shell.] A chank shell (Turbinella
||pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the
||chank shell.
||Sankh"ya (?), n. A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all
||things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of
||three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.
San"nop (sn"np), n. Same as Sannup. Bancroft.
San"nup (-np), n. A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.
San"ny (?), n. The sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]
||Sans (sän; E. snz), prep. [F., from L. sine without.] Without;
||deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans
||fail." Chaucer.
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
Shak.
San"scrit (?), n. See Sanskrit.
||Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. &?;; E. &?;), n. [F., without breeches.] 1. A
||fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of reproach given
||in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who
||rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or
||aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.
2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a
Jacobin.
Sans`-cu*lot"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism;
radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.
Sans`-cu*lot"tism (?), n. [F. sans- culottisme.] Extreme republican
principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.
San"skrit (?), n. [Skr. Samskta the Sanskrit language, literally, the
perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskta prepared,
wrought, made, excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + kta
made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.] The ancient language
of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to
the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is
nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe,
classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots
and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended,
is a most important assistance in determining their history and
relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.
San"skrit, a. Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a
Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.
San*skrit"ic (?), a. Sanskrit.
San"skrit*ist, n. One versed in Sanskrit.
||Sans`-sou`ci" (?), adv. [F.] Without care; free and easy.
San"tal (?), n. [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline
substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It
is extracted from sandalwood.
San`ta*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of
plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which
includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and
many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.
San*tal"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
sandalwood (Santalum); -- used specifically to designate an acid
obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called
also santalin.
San"ta*lin (?), n. [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.) Santalic acid. See
Santalic.
||San"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with
||entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less
||than a dozen species, occurring from India to Australia and the
||Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.
San`tees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Santee (&?;). (Ethnol.) One of the seven
confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.
San"ter (?), v. i. See Saunter.
||San"ton (?), n. [Sp. santon, augmented fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.] A
||Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint:
||also, a hermit.
San"to*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of santonic acid.
San*ton"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid
(distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white
crystalline substance.
San"to*nin (?), n. [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a
people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. &?;: cf. F. santonine.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of
levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar
temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through
a yellow glass.
San"to*nin`ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of santoninic acid.
San`to*nin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used
specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but
obtained in its salts.
||Sa"o (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia,
||especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent
||movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.
Sap (?), n. [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of
uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa
must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.] 1. The juice of
plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or
circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place
in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth
of the plant.
2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang]
Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See
Polyporus. -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the
juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It
is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See
under Dry. -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small
American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the
yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States.
They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon
the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube
(Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.
Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] [F.
saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa
a sort of mattock.] 1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine;
to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses
fell upon their household gods.
Dryden.
2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps.
3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
Ring out the grief that saps the mind.
Tennyson.
Sap (?), v. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to
execute saps. W. P. Craighill.
Both assaults are carried on by sapping.
Tatler.
Sap, n. (Mil.) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel
toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under
cover of gabions, etc.
Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to
close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. --
Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with
fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for
protection from the fire of an enemy.
Sap`a*dil"lo (?), n. See Sapodila.
Sap"a*jo (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sapajou.
Sap"a*jou (?), n. [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.) Any one
of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having
long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also
capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed
sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus)
are well known species. See Capuchin.
Sa*pan" wood (?). [Malay sapang.] (Bot.) A dyewood yielded by
Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the
neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also
sappan wood.]
Sap"ful (?), a. Abounding in sap; sappy.
Sap"head` (?), n. A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]
Sa*phe"nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; manifest.] (Anat.) (a) Manifest; --
applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of
man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins;
as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the
broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein
passes.
Sap"id (?), a. [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See
Sapient, Savor.] Having the power of affecting the organs of taste;
possessing savor, or flavor.
Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet.
Sir T. Browne.
Sa*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. sapidité.] The quality or state of being
sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.
Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another.
M. S. Lamson.
Sap"id*ness, n. Quality of being sapid; sapidity.
When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the
fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return.
Jer. Taylor.
Sa"pi*ence (?), n. [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..] The
quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper.
Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered
sapience.
Tennyson.
Sa"pi*ent (?), a. [L. sapiens, -entis, p. pr. of sapere to taste, to
have sense, to know. See Sage, a.] Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in
irony or contempt.
Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian
spouse.
Milton.
Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.
Sa`pi*en"tial (?), a. [L. sapientialis.] Having or affording wisdom. --
Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv.
The sapiential books of the Old [Testament].
Jer. Taylor.
Sa`pi*en"tious (?), a. Sapiential. [Obs.]
Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t. To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.
Sa"pi*ent*ly (?), adv. In a sapient manner.
Sap`in*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of trees
and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (typical) genus Sapindus, the
maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.
||Sa*pin"dus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.) A
||genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and
||panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of
||soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.
Sap"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.
2. Fig.: Dry; old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless
womanhood." Lowell.
Now sapless on the verge of death he stands.
Dryden.
sap"ling (?), n. A young tree. Shak.
Sap`o*dil"la (?), n. [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican
cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.) A tall, evergeen, tropical American
tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum.
[Written also sapadillo, sappadillo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.]
Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size
of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the
flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and
deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it
begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.
Sa*pog"e*nin (?), n. [Saponin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.
Sap`o*na"ceous (?), a. [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and
akin to E. soap. See Soap.] Resembling soap; having the qualities of
soap; soapy.
Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in
reality a kind of salt.
Sap`o*nac"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being saponaceous.
Sap"o*na*ry (?), a. Saponaceous. Boyle.
Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of conversion into soap; as, a
saponifiable substance.
Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.] The
act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap;
specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal
salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.
Sa*pon"i*fi`er (?), n. (Chem.) That which saponifies; any reagent used
to cause saponification.
Sa*pon"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Saponifying (?).] [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.] To
convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to
any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in
decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.
Sap"o*nin (?), n. [L. sapo, - onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.) A
poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort
(Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted
as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in
solution, and produces a local anæsthesia. Formerly called also
struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any
one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.
Sap"o*nite (?), n. [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.) A
hydrous silicate of magnesia and alumina. It occurs in soft, soapy,
amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap
rock.
Sap"o*nul (?), n. [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.)
A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali;
hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also
saponule.] [Obs.]
||Sa"por (?), n. [L. See Savor.] Power of affecting the organs of
||taste; savor; flavor; taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments.
Sir T. Browne.
Sap`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. sapor taste + facere to make.] Having the
power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or
relish.
Sap`o*ros"i*ty (?), n. The quality of a body by which it excites the
sensation of taste.
Sap"o*rous (?), a. [L. saporus that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor
taste.] Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.
Sa*po"ta (?), n. [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.] (Bot.)
The sapodilla.
Sap`o*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
(Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star
apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree
(Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota,
after which the order is named.
Sap*pan" wood" (?). Sapan wood.
Sap"pare (?), n. [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.)
Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]
Sap"per (?), n. [Cf. F. sapeur.] One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one
who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing
fortifications, and the like.
Sap"phic (?), a. [L. Sapphicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Sappho.] 1. Of or
pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic
verse.
2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a
certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho,
consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are
trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.
Sap"phic, n. (Pros.) A Sapphic verse.
Sap"phire (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr.
&?;, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sappr.] 1. (Min.) Native alumina or
aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent
variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
Of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white.
Chaucer.
Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive
forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals,
while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under
Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst),
and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a
general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.
2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
3. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South
America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.
Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which
exhibits asterism.
Sap"phire, a. Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue. "The
sapphire blaze." Gray.
Sap"phir*ine (?), n. Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the
color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness."
Boyle.
Sap"pho (?), n. [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of
brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very
bright- colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.
Sap"pi*ness (?), n. The quality of being sappy; juiciness.
Sap`po*dil"la (?), n. (Bot.) See Sapodilla.
Sap"py (?), a. [Compar. Sappier (?); superl. Sappiest.] [From 1st Sap.]
1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juicy; succulent.
2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.
When he had passed this weak and sappy age.
Hayward.
3. Weak in intellect. [Low]
4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting largely of,
sapwood.
Sap"py (?), a. [Written also sapy.] [Cf. L. sapere to taste.] Musty;
tainted. [Obs.]
Sa*proph"a*gan (?), n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fagei^n to eat: cf. F.
saprophage.] (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon decaying
animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.
Sa*proph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on carrion.
Sap"ro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fyto`n a plant.] (Bot.) Any
plant growing on decayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and
some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.
Sap`ro*phyt"ic (?), a. Feeding or growing upon decaying animal or
vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.
Sap"sa*go (?), n. [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger
a sort of whey.] A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored
with melilot.
Sap"skull` (?), n. A saphead. [Low]
Sap`u*ca"ia (?; Pg. &?;), n. [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.) A Brazilian tree.
See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.]
Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called also paradise
nut.
Sap"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The alburnum, or part of the wood of any
exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through
which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from heartwood.
Sar"a*ba*ite (?), n. [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain
vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.
Sar"a*band (?), n. [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a
song.] A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple
time; also, the air itself.
She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab.
Sir W. Scott.
Sar"a*cen (?), n. [L. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqin,
Oriental, Eastern, fr. sharaqa to rise, said of the sun: cf. F.
sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.] Anciently, an Arab; later,
a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in
Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders.
Saracens' consound (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Saracenicus),
anciently used to heal wounds.
{ Sar`a*cen"ic (?), Sar`a*cen"ic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to the
Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. "Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.
Sar"a*sin (?), n. (Arch.) See Sarrasin.
||Sa`ras*wa"ti (?), n. [Skr. Sarasvat.] (Hind. Myth.) The sakti or wife
||of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.
Sar"casm (?), n. [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmus, Gr. sarkasmo`s, from
sarka`zein to tear flesh like dogs, to bite the lips in rage, to speak
bitterly, to sneer, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] A keen, reproachful
expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or
contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.
The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of
inspiration.
Sir J. Reynolds.
Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.
Sar*cas"mous (?), a. Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.
{ Sar*cas"tic (?), Sar*cas"tic*al (?) }, a. Expressing, or expressed
by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to
the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.
What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from
the friendship of the world!
South.
Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a sarcastic manner.
Sar"cel (?), n. [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of
circulus. See Circle.] One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing
of a bird, esp. of a hawk.
Sar"celed (?), a. (her.) Cut through the middle.
||Sar`celle" (?), n. [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.) The old squaw,
||or long- tailed duck.
Sarce"net (?), n. [OF. sarcenet; cf. LL. saracenicum cloth made by
Saracens. See Saracen.] A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for
linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.]
Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye.
Shak.
Sar"cin (?), n. Same as Hypoxanthin.
||Sar*ci"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; of flesh, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos,
||flesh.] (Biol.) A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids,
||especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain
||diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two
||perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two
||directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used
||adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group.
Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a
dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied particularly to
bacteria. See micrococcus.
Sar"cle (?), v. t. [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr.
sarculum hoe.] To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Sar"co- (?). A combining form from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh; as,
sarcophagous, flesh-eating; sarcology.
||Sar*cob"a*sis (?), n.; pl. Sarcobases (#). [NL., fr. Gr. sa`rx,
||sa`rkos, flesh + &?; base.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting of many dry
||indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and
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