The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section C
by Project Gutenberg · English · Gutenberg #661 · 2,603,732 chars · public domain (US)
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section C
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States,
you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located
before using this eBook.
*** This is a COPYRIGHTED Project Gutenberg eBook. Details Below. ***
*** Please follow the copyright guidelines in this file. ***
Title: The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary: Section C
Author: Project Gutenberg
Noah Webster
Release date: September 1, 1996 [eBook #661]
Most recently updated: December 6, 2024
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/661
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUTENBERG WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY: SECTION C ***
The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary
Version 0.50 Letter C: #661 in our series, by MICRA, Inc.
Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check
the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!!
Please take a look at the important information in this header.
We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an
electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this.
**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations*
Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and
further information is included below. We need your donations.
The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary: Letter C
February, 1999 [Etext #661]
The Project Gutenberg Etext of The 1913 Webster Unabridged Dictionary
******This file should be named 661.txt or 661.zip******
This etext was prepared by MICRA, INc. of Plainfield, NJ. See below
for contact information. Portions of the text have been proof-read
and supplemented by volunteers, who have helped greatly to
improve the accuracy of this electronic version.
Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions,
all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a
copyright notice is included. Therefore, we do usually do NOT! keep
these books in compliance with any particular paper edition.
We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance
of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.
Please note: neither this list nor its contents are final till
midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.
The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at
Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A
preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment
and editing by those who wish to do so. To be sure you have an
up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes
in the first week of the next month. Since our ftp program has
a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a
look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a
new copy has at least one byte more or less.
Information about Project Gutenberg (one page)
We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The
time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours
to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright
searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This
projected audience is one hundred million readers. If our value
per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2
million dollars per hour this year as we release thirty-six text
files per month, or 432 more Etexts in 1999 for a total of 2000+
If these reach just 10% of the computerized population, then the
total should reach over 200 billion Etexts given away this year.
The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext
Files by December 31, 2001. [10,000 x 100,000,000 = 1 Trillion]
This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers,
which is only ~5% of the present number of computer users.
At our revised rates of production, we will reach only one-third
of that goal by the end of 2001, or about 3,333 Etexts unless we
manage to get some real funding; currently our funding is mostly
from Michael Hart's salary at Carnegie-Mellon University, and an
assortment of sporadic gifts; this salary is only good for a few
more years, so we are looking for something to replace it, as we
don't want Project Gutenberg to be so dependent on one person.
We need your donations more than ever!
All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/CMU": and are
tax deductible to the extent allowable by law. (CMU = Carnegie-
Mellon University).
For these and other matters, please mail to:
Project Gutenberg
P. O. Box 2782
Champaign, IL 61825
When all other email fails. . .try our Executive Director:
Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com>
hart@pobox.com forwards to hart@prairienet.org and archive.org
if your mail bounces from archive.org, I will still see it, if
it bounces from prairienet.org, better resend later on. . . .
We would prefer to send you this information by email.
******
To access Project Gutenberg etexts, use any Web browser
to view http://promo.net/pg. This site lists Etexts by
author and by title, and includes information about how
to get involved with Project Gutenberg. You could also
download our past Newsletters, or subscribe here. This
is one of our major sites, please email hart@pobox.com,
for a more complete list of our various sites.
To go directly to the etext collections, use FTP or any
Web browser to visit a Project Gutenberg mirror (mirror
sites are available on 7 continents; mirrors are listed
at http://promo.net/pg).
Mac users, do NOT point and click, typing works better.
Example FTP session:
ftp sunsite.unc.edu
login: anonymous
password: your@login
cd pub/docs/books/gutenberg
cd etext90 through etext99
dir [to see files]
get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files]
GET GUTINDEX.?? [to get a year's listing of books, e.g., GUTINDEX.99]
GET GUTINDEX.ALL [to get a listing of ALL books]
***
**Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor**
(Three Pages)
***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START***
Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers.
They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with
your copy of this etext, even if you got it for free from
someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our
fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement
disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how
you can distribute copies of this etext if you want to.
*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS ETEXT
By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
etext, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept
this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive
a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this etext by
sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person
you got it from. If you received this etext on a physical
medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request.
ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM ETEXTS
This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-
tm etexts, is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor
Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association at
Carnegie-Mellon University (the "Project"). Among other
things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright
on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and
distribute it in the United States without permission and
without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth
below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this etext
under the Project's "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark.
To create these etexts, the Project expends considerable
efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain
works. Despite these efforts, the Project's etexts and any
medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other
things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged
disk or other etext medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES
But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below,
[1] the Project (and any other party you may receive this
etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including
legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR
UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any)
you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that
time to the person you received it from. If you received it
on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and
such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement
copy. If you received it electronically, such person may
choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to
receive it electronically.
THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS
TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or
the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the
above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you
may have other legal rights.
INDEMNITY
You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors,
officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost
and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause:
[1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification,
or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect.
DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm"
You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by
disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this
"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg,
or:
[1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this
requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the
etext or this "small print!" statement. You may however,
if you wish, distribute this etext in machine readable
binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form,
including any form resulting from conversion by word pro-
cessing or hypertext software, but only so long as
*EITHER*:
[*] The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and
does *not* contain characters other than those
intended by the author of the work, although tilde
(~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may
be used to convey punctuation intended by the
author, and additional characters may be used to
indicate hypertext links; OR
[*] The etext may be readily converted by the reader at
no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent
form by the program that displays the etext (as is
the case, for instance, with most word processors);
OR
[*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at
no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the
etext in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC
or other equivalent proprietary form).
[2] Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this
"Small Print!" statement.
[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the
net profits you derive calculated using the method you
already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you
don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are
payable to "Project Gutenberg Association/Carnegie-Mellon
University" within the 60 days following each
date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare)
your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return.
WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO?
The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time,
scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty
free copyright licenses, and every other sort of contribution
you can think of. Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg
Association / Carnegie-Mellon University".
*END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END*
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Begin file 2 of 11: C. (Version 0.50) of
An electronic field-marked version of:
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Version published 1913
by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
This electronic version was prepared by MICRA, Inc. of Plainfield, NJ.
Last edit February 11, 1999.
MICRA, Inc. makes no proprietary claims on this version of the
1913 Webster dictionary. If the original printed edition of the
1913 Webster is in the public domain, this version may also be
considered as public domain.
This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors, including errors in the field-marks. Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a more accurate and useful state will be greatly appreciated.
This electronic dictionary is made available as a potential starting point for development of a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely available knowledge base. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a knowledge base should contact:
Patrick Cassidy cassidy@micra.com
735 Belvidere Ave. Office: (908)668-5252
Plainfield, NJ 07062
(908) 561-3416
C.
C. (sē) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek &GAMMA;, γ, and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Phťnicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search.
See Guide to Pronunciation, žž 221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written &?;. (c) The "C clef," a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.
||Ca*a"ba (k&adot;*ā"b&adot;), n. [Ar. ka'bah, lit., a square building, fr. ka'b cube.] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.]
&fist; The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world.
Caas (kńs), n. sing. & pl. Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab (kăb), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. "A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.
&fist; A cab may have two seats at right angles to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight.
Cab (kăb), n. [Heb. qab, fr. qābab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Ca*bal" (k&adot;*băl"), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala, LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabbālēh reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. qābal to take or receive, in PiŰl qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but lately." B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto.
It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close design; intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. -- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a change in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things. "Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish purposes". Crabb.
Ca*bal", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caballed (-băld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the great.
Dryden.
Cab"a*la (kăb"&adot;*l&adot;), n. [LL. See Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain mediŠval Christians, which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence. It assumes that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.
Cab"a*lism (kăb"&adot;*l&ibreve;z'm), n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R] Emerson.
Cab"a*list (-l&ibreve;st), n. [Cf. F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists." Swift.
{ Cab`a*lis"tic (kăb`&adot;*l&ibreve;s"t&ibreve;k), Cab`a*lis"tic*al (-t&ibreve;*kal) } a. Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition of the first chapter of Genesis
. Hallam.
Cab`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a cabalistic manner.
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R] Dr. H. More.
Ca*bal"ler (k&adot;*băl"l&etilde;r), n. One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord.
Dryden.
Cab"al*line (kăb"al*līn), a. [L. caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse. -- n. Caballine aloes.
Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also horse aloes. -- Caballine spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the winged horse Pegasus.
Cab"a*ret (kăb"&adot;*r&ebreve;t; 277), n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed. [Obs. as an English word.]
||Ca*bas" (k&adot;*bń"), n. [F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; hence, a lady's flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written caba. C. BrontÚ.
||Ca*bas"sou (k&adot;*băs"s&oomac;), n. (Zo÷l.) A species of armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also kabassou.]
Cab"bage (kăb"b&asl;j), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages), chou cabus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It. cappa cape. See Chief, Cape.] (Bot.) 1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree, below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below.
Cabbage aphis (Zo÷l.), a green plant-louse (Aphis brassicŠ) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage beetle (Zo÷l.), a small, striped flea- beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage butterfly (Zo÷l.), a white butterfly (Pieris rapŠ of both Europe and America, and the allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. -- Cabbage fly (Zo÷l.), a small two-winged fly (Anthomyia brassicŠ), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; -- contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage palmetto, a species of palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. -- Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) having large and heavy blossoms. -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. -- Cabbage worm (Zo÷l.), the larva of several species of moths and butterflies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usually the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the stalks of young plants during the night, are the larvŠ of several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See Cutworm. -- Sea cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant (Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. -- Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels sprouts.
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage. Johnson.
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p. p Cabbaged (-b&asl;jd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbaging (-b&asl;*j&ibreve;ng).] [F. cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth.
Arbuthnot.
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out garments.
Cab"bler (kăb"bl&etilde;r), n. One who works at cabbling.
Cab"bling (-bl&ibreve;ng), n. (Metal.) The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron.
{ ||Ca*be"ša (k&adot;*b&asl;"s&adot;), ||Ca*besse" (k&adot;*b&ebreve;s"), } n. [Pg. cabeša, F. cabesse.] The finest kind of silk received from India.
||Ca"ber (kā"b&etilde;r), n. [Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength.
Cab`e*zon" (kăb`&asl;*z&obreve;n" or kń*b&asl;*th&osl;n"), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zo÷l.) A California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin.
Cab"i*ai (kăb"&ibreve;*ī), n. [Native South American name.] (Zo÷l.) The capybara. See Capybara.
Cab"in (kăb"&ibreve;n), n. [OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.] 1. A cottage or small house; a hut. Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west.
E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held
Her captive.
Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is to wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship.
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabined (-&ibreve;nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabining.] To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave.
Shak.
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in
To saucy doubts and fears.
Shak.
Cab"i*net (kăb"&ibreve;*n&ebreve;t), n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n.] 1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet,
The rural song of careful Colinet.
Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council.
&fist; In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of those privy councilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley & W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general, and the Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an ÚtagŔre or closed with doors. See ╔tagŔre.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly the full title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection.
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.] Hewyt.
Cab"i*net*mak`er (-māk`&etilde;r), n. One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc.
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household furniture.
Cab"i*net*work` (-wűrk`), n. The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cab`i*re"an (kăb`&ibreve;*rē"an), n. One of the Cabiri.
||Ca*bi"ri (k&adot;*bī"rī), n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.] (Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of HephŠstus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott.
Ca*bir"i*an (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;*an), a. Same as Cabiric.
Ca*bir"ic (k&adot;*b&ibreve;r"&ibreve;k), a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship. [Written also Cabiritic.]
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), n. [F. cÔble, LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. kabel, from the French. See Capable.] 1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some protecting or insulating substance; as, the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower anchor. -- Cable road, a railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor. -- Cable's length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile). -- Cable tier. (a) That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil of a cable. -- Sheet cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. -- Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas. -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph. -- To pay out the cable, To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse hole. -- To serve the cable, to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
Ca"ble (kā"b'l), v. t. 1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling. See Cabling.
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabling (-bl&obreve;ng).] To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent]
Ca"bled (-b'ld), a. 1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope. "The cabled stone." Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling.
Ca"ble*gram` (kā"b'l*grăm`), n. [Cable, n. + Gr. gra`mma a writing, a letter.] A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]
Ca"ble*laid` (-lād`), a. 1. (Naut.) Composed of three three- stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a cable-laid gold chain. Simmonds.
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of cable; cf. F. cÔblot.] A little cable less than ten inches in circumference.
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.) The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cab"man (?), n.; pl. Cabmen (&?;). The driver of a cab.
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi kabāb] 1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet herbs. Wright.
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F. caboche head. Cf. 1st Cabbage.] (Her.) Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also caboshed.]
Ca*boo"dle (k&adot;*b&oomac;"d'l), n. The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.
Ca*boose" (k&adot;*b&oomac;s"), n. [Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.] 1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F. cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.) Navigation along the coast; the details of coast pilotage.
||Ca*brÚe" (k&adot;*br&aslc;"), n. [French Canadian.] (Zo÷l.) The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit, cabret.]
Ca*brer"ite (?), n. (Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera, Spain.
||Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp., prawn.] (Zo÷l) A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In California, some of them are also called rock bass and kelp salmon.
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited.
Sir W. Scott.
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim. of cabriole a leap, caper, from It. capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as CabrÚe.
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf. Cable, n.] (Naut.) A small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc.
{||Ca*cŠ"mi*a (k&adot;*sē"m&ibreve;*&adot;), ||Ca*chŠ"mi*a (k&adot;*k&esl;"m&ibreve;*&adot;),} n. [NL., fr. Gr. kako`s bad+ a"i^ma blood.] (Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.) The essential principle of cacao; -- now called theobromine.
||Ca*ca*jŃo" (?), n. [Pg.] (Zo÷l) A South American short-tailed monkey (Pithecia melanocephala or Brachyurus melanocephala). [Written also cacajo.]
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate] (Bot.) A small evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are prepared.
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F. cachalot.] (Zo÷l.) The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
||Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane.
{ Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al (?), } a. [L. cachecticus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. cachectique.] Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic remedies; cachectical blood. Arbuthnot.
||Cache`pot" (k&adot;sh`p&osl;"), n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot a pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.
||Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr. cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of imprisonment.
{ ||Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y (?) }, n. [L. cachexia, Gr. kachexi`a; kako`s bad + "e`xis condition.] A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).
Cach`in*na"tion (kăk`&ibreve;n*nā"shŭn), n. [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf. Gr. kacha`zein.] Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual cachinnation.
Sir W. Scott.
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval.
Carlyle.
||Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.
Cach"o*long (?), n. [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal.
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the breath.
||Ca*chu"cha (?), n. [Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembling the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (&?;).]
The orchestra plays the cachucha.
Longfellow.
||Ca*chun"de (?), n. [Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.
||Ca*cique" (?), n. [Sp.] See Cazique.
Cack (kăk), v. i. [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr. kakka^n, and to OIr. cacc dung; cf. AS. cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to stool. Pope.
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF. caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of E. cack.] (Zo÷l.) The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.
Cac"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cackling (?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG. kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln, gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle, Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling.
Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen or a goose; to giggle. Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle. Johnson.
Cac"kle (?), n. 1. The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an egg.
By her cackle saved the state.
Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the sermon.
Thackeray.
Cac"kler (?), n. 1. A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise of a goose or a hen.
{ ||Cac`o*chym"i*a (?), Cac"o*chym`y (?), } n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; juice: cf. F. cacochymie.] (Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, especially of the blood. Dunglison.
{ Cac`o*chym"ic (?), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), } a. Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood. Wiseman.
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; demon: cf. F. cacodÚmon.] 1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare. Dunaglison.
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a. Heretical.
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; perverted opinion; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; opinion.] Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy.
R. Turnbull.
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; ill-smelling (kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle, and kakodyl.]
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl.
Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called alkargen.
||Cac`o*Ű"thes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; of ill habits, &?;&?; &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an ill habit; kako`s bad + &?; habit] 1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as, cacoŰthes scribendi, "The itch for writing". Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; stomach.] Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written or spelled.
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. kako`s bad + -graphy; cf. F. cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or spelling. Walpole.
||Ca`co*let" (?), n. [F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an army.
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. kako`s bad + -logy: cf. F. cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words. Buchanan.
{ ||Ca`co*mix"le (?), Ca`co*mix"tle (?), Ca"co*mix`l (?) }, n. [Mexican name.] A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas, and California.
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
{ Cac`o*phon"ic (?), Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?), Ca*coph"o*nous (?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) }, a. Harsh-sounding.
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Cacophonies (#). [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?; sound: cf. F. Cacophonie.] 1. (Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables. "Cacophonies of all kinds." Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the voice.
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; kako`s bad + &?; art.] A corruption or corrupt state of art. [R.]
{ Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite (?) }, n. [Gr. kako`s bad + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; guest.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore.
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E. Cactuses (#), Cacti (- tī). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.] (Bot.) Any plant of the order CactacŠ, as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America.
Cactus wren (Zo÷l.), an American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several species.
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L. cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.] (Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as, cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point, fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.]
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. cadet.] 1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray.
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, or Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale (Usually &frac1x2500; of the linear measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates exactly; -- distinguished from a topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. Brande & C.
{ ||Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter } (?), n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such property.
||Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a corpse.
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity. Dunglison.
Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L. cadaverosus.] 1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; as, a cadaverous look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead body. "The scent cadaverous."
-- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zo÷l.) See Caddice.
{ Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?), n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G. k÷der bait.] (Zo÷l.) The larva of a caddice fly. These larvŠ generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis worm.
Caddice fly (Zo÷l.), a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas, Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton, fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.] A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. "Caddises, cambrics, lawns." Shak.
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw, n.] (Zo÷l.) A jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl. Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt catty, fr. Malay katī a weight of 1⅓ pounds. Cf. Catty.] A small box, can, or chest to keep tea in.
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE. cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.] Bred by hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him.
Sheldon.
Cade, v. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame. [Obs.] Johnson.
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr. &?;.] A barrel or cask, as of fish. "A cade of herrings." Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000.
Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL. cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries.
Oil of cade, a thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in skin diseases.
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza. See Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low.
Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as, music of bells in cadence sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long
Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
Seafaring men o'erwatched.
Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest cadence.
Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy.
Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be "prosed in faire cadence."
Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant chord. (b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a flight of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under Imperfect.
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief.
Philips.
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of related families; distinction between the members of a family according to their ages.
Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference (Her.).
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F. cadŔne.] A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant. McElrath.
Ca"dent (?), a. [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.] Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final cadence.
Ca"der (?), n. See Cadre.
Ca*det" (?), n. [F. cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim. fr. L. caput head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family.
Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission. (b) A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich.
&fist; All the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a cadetship.
{ Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm` (?), } n. A caddice. See Caddice.
Cadge (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cadged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cadging.] [Cf. Scot. cache, caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf. Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright.
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d Cadger.] (Hawking) A circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale.
Cadg"er (?), n. [From Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang] "The gentleman cadger." Dickens.
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking) One who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village.
{ Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), } n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger. [Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie.
Macaulay.
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar. qād.ī judge + al'sker the army, Per. leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own officers.
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking. Johnson.
Cad"is (?), n. [F.] A kind of coarse serge.
Cad*me"an (kăd*m>emac/"an), a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr. Kadmei^os, from Ka`dmos (L. Cadmus), which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- α, β, γ, δ, ε, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, υ. These are called Cadmean letters.
Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus slew each other.
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. &?;. Cf. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.
Cad"mi*an (?), a. [R.] See Cadmean.
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as, cadmic sulphide.
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore.
Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F. cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing.
||Ca"dre (?), n. [F. cadre, It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr. quatuor four.] (Mil.) The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff. [Written also cader.]
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. &?; a herald's wand, fr. &?; herald.] (Myth.) The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top.
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zo÷l.) With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not remain in adult life.
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducitÚ. See Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity.
Chesterfield.
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See Cadence.] (Bot. & Zo÷l.) Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole.
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F. caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable; frail; transitory. [Obs.] Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world.
Bp. Fisher.
Cad"y (?), n. See Cadie.
||CŠ"ca (?), n. pl. See CŠcum.
CŠ"cal (?), a. (Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the cŠcum, or blind gut.
2. Having the form of a cŠcum, or bag with one opening; baglike; as, the cŠcal extremity of a duct.
||CŠ"ci*as (?), n. [L. caecias, Gr. &?;.] A wind from the northeast. Milton.
CŠ*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L. caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zo÷l.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the order CŠciliŠ or Ophimorpha. See Ophiomorpha. [Written also cťcilian.]
||CŠ"cum (?), n.; pl. CŠcums, L. CŠca (#). [L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.] (Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the small intestine; -- called also the blind gut.
&fist; The cŠcum is comparatively small in man, and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal cŠca.
CŠ`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.
CŠ"sar (?), n. [L.] A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus CŠsar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered and courted by CŠsar on one side and by Louis the Great on the other.
Macaulay.
{ CŠ*sa"re*an, CŠ*sa"ri*an (?), } a. [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.] Of or pertaining to CŠsar or the CŠsars; imperial.
CŠsarean section (Surg.), the operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius CŠsar is reported to have been brought into the world by such an operation.
CŠ"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. CÚsarisme.] A system of government in which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as CŠsar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of government.
&fist; This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon III., as an expression of the claims and political views of that emperor, and of the politicians of his court.
CŠ"si*ous (?), a. [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray. Lindley.
CŠ"si*um (?), n. [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.
CŠs"pi*tose` (?), a. Same as Cespitose.
CŠ*su"ra (?), n.; pl. E. CŠsuras (&?;), L. CŠsurŠ (&?;) [L. caesura a cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the cŠsural accent rests, or which is used as a foot.
&fist; In the following line the cŠsura is between study and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.
CŠ*su"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a cŠsura.
CŠsural pause, a pause made at a cŠsura.
||Ca`fÚ" (?), n. [F. See Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.
{ Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh (?), } n. [Turk. qahveh khāneh coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is sold. [Turkey]
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee.
Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance, C9H8O4.
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F. cafÚine. See Coffee.] (Chem.) A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with guaranine from guarana.
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a. [Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee.
Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
||Caf"fi*la (?), n. [Ar.] See Cafila.
Caf"fre (?), n. See Kaffir.
{ ||Ca"fi*la (?), ||Ca"fi*leh (?), } n. [Ar.] A caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack horses.
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk. qaftān: cf. F. cafetan.] A garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or sash.
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel.
Sir W. Scott.
Cag (?), n. See Keg. [Obs.]
Cage (?), n. [F. cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow. Cf. Cave, n., Cajole, Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay.
Cowper.
2. A place of confinement for malefactors Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make,
Nor iron bars a cage.
Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber, inclosing something within it; as, the cage of a staircase. Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve. (b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire mask.
Cage (kāj), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caged (kājd); p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. "Caged and starved to death." Cowper.
Caged (kājd), a. Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. "The caged cloister." Shak.
Cage"ling (kāj"l&ibreve;ng), n. [Cage + -ling] A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic] Tennyson.
||Ca"git (kā"j&ibreve;t), n. (Zo÷l) A kind of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the Philippine Islands.
Cag"mag (kăg"măg), n. A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
||Ca`got" (k&adot;`g&osl;"), n. [F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.
||Ca`hier" (k&adot;`y&asl;" or k&adot;`hēr), n. [F., fr. OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.] 1. A number of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. racemosa; as, cahincic acid.
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a company or band.] Partnership; as, to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.] Bartlett.
||Cai`ma*cam" (?), n. [Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.
Cai"man (?), n. (Zo÷l.) See Cayman.
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozic.
||Ca*´que" (?), n. [F., fr. Turk. qāīq boat.] (Naut.) A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel of larger size.
||ăa" i*ra" (?). [F. ša ira, ša ira, les aristocrates Ó la lanterne, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern (lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.
Caird (?), n. [Ir. ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn (?), n. [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.] 1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn.
Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley. Kane.
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm azure.] (Min.) A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his approach.
2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. chÚtif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave, and cf. Captive.] 1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight.
W. Irving.
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave.
Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet.
The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.
Caj"e*put (?), n. See Cajuput.
Ca*jole" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cajoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cajoling.] [F. cajoler, orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF. goale, jaiole, F. ge˘le, dim. of cage a cage. See Cage, Jail.] To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my views.
F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery. Coleridge.
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer; a wheedler.
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl. Cajoleries (&?;). A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. "Infamous cajoleries." Evelyn.
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan origin; kāyu tree + pūtih white.] (Med.) A highly stimulating volatile inflammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless or greenish oil extracted from cajuput.
Cake (kāk), n. [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel. kaka, D. koek, G. kuchen, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood.
Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zo÷l), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak.
Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or mass.
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caking.] To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within.
Addison.
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Cak"ing coal` (?). See Coal.
Cal (?), n. (Cornish Mines) Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds.
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district on the west coast of Africa.
Calabar bean, The of a climbing legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid resembling physostigmine and occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Cal"a*bash (kăl"&adot;*băsh), n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg. calabaša, cabaša (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd + aibas dry.] 1. The common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, bascket, or other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a large gourdlike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc. The African calabash tree is the baobab.
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]
||Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.] A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
||Ca*la"di*um (?), n. [NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.
Cal"a*ite (kăl`&asl;*īt), n. [L. calla´s, Gr. ka`lai:s, ka`llai:s; cf. F. cala´te.] A mineral. See Turquoise.
Cal`a*man"co (kăl`&adot;*mă&nsm;"k&osl;), n. [LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr. kamelay`kion, and F. calmande a woolen stuff.] A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. "A gay calamanco waistcoat." Tatler.
Cal"a*man`der wood (kăl"&adot;*măn`d&etilde;r w&oocr;d`). A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros quŠsita. Called also Coromandel wood.
{ Cal"a*mar (kăl"&adot;*mńr), Cal"a*ma*ry, (-m&asl;*r&ybreve;r)} n. [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.] (Zo÷l.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus Loligo and related genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called squids. See Squid.
Cal"am*bac (kăl"ăm*băk), n. [F. calambac, calambour, from Malay Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.] (Bot.) A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Cal"am*bour (kăl"ăm*b&oomac;r), n. [See Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calamus reed + ferous.] Producing reeds; reedy.
Cal"a*mine (kăl"&adot;*mīn or - m&ibreve;n), n. [F. calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cadmia. See Cadmia.] (min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.
&fist; The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called smithsonite.
Cal"a*mint (-m&ibreve;nt), n. [OE. calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr. L. calamintha, Gr. kalami`nqh, kala`minqos. See 1st Mint.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha) of the Mint family, esp. the C. Nepeta and C. Acinos, which are called also basil thyme.
Cal"a*mist (-m&ibreve;st), n. [L. calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed or pipe. [Obs.] Blount.
Cal`a*mis"trate (-m&ibreve;s"trāt), v. i. [L. calamistratus, curled with the curling iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Cal`a*mis*tra"tion (kăl`&adot;*m&ibreve;s*trā"shŭn), n. The act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.] Burton.
||Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L., a curling iron.] (Zo÷l.) A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders (CiniflonidŠ), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of their webs.
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L. Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons.
South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy. "This sad and calamitous condition." South. "A calamitous prison" Milton.
Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive; wretched; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad; unfortunate.
-- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl. Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamitÚ] 1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or individuals.
The word calamity was first derived from calamus when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul.
W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise.
Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; affliction; adversity; misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. -- Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap, Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but more frequently the former; a disaster is rather particular than private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the individual." Crabb.
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Calami (#). [L., a reed. See Halm.] 1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors.
3. (Zo÷l.) The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill.
||Ca*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and loudness.
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F. calŔche; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem. kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.] 1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself, her two children, and her servants.
W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.
Ca`la*ve"rite (&?;), n. (Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras County California.
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a. (Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal arteries.
||Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl. E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.
Cal"car (?), n. [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit. Ure.
||Cal"car, n.; L. pl. Calcaria (#). [L., a spur, as worn on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] 1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.
2. (Zo÷l.) A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or ergot.
{ Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted (?), } a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred. Gray.
2. (Zo÷l.) Armed with a spur.
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a. consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen. Lyell.
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?), a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.] Partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime.
Calcareous spar. See as Calcite.
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality of being calcareous.
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius of lime + ferous.] Lime-yielding; calciferous
Cal"ca*rine (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain.
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or Carcavelhos.]
Cal"ce*a`ted (?), a. [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr. catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes. Johnson.
Calced (?), a. [See Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the calced Carmelites.
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones.
{ Cal`ce*don"ic (?), Cal`ce*do"ni*an, } a. See Chalcedonic.
Cal"ce*i*form` (kăl"s&esl;*&ibreve;*f˘rm`), a. [L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a slipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper; calceolate.
||cal`ce*o*la"ri*a (kăl`s&esl;*&osl;*lā"r&ibreve;*&adot;), n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.] (Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants, brought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name.
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See Calceiform.
||Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See Calx.
Cal"cic (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.
Cal*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing, producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime.
Calciferous epoch (Geol.), an epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of the beds. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cal*cif"ic (?), a. Calciferous. Specifically: (Zo÷l.) of or pertaining to the portion of the oviduct which forms the eggshell in birds and reptiles. Huxley.
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (kăl`s&ibreve;*f&ibreve;*kā"shŭn), n. (Physiol.) The process of change into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and of teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Cal"ci*fied (kăl"s&ibreve;*fīd), a. Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.
Cal"ci*form (kăl"s&ibreve;*f˘rm), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + - form.] In the form of chalk or lime.
Cal"ci*fy (kăl"s&ibreve;*fī), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified (- fīd); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcifying.] [L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime.
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in which lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.] (Chem.) Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.] Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the teeth.
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and water. [Also spelt kalsomine.]
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who calcimines.
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To calcine. [R.]
Cal`ci*na"tion (kăl`s&ibreve;*nā"shŭn), n. [F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A vessel used in calcination.
Cal*cine" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calciden (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.
Cal*cine", v. i. To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion" Newton.
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, calcines.
||Cal`ci*spon"gi*Š (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime + spongia a sponge.] (Zo÷l.) An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See Porifera.
Cal"cite (kăl"sīt), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also calc-spar and calcareous spar.
&fist; Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety; aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; calc- sinter and calc-tufa are lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits; agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties formed from the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence is called doubly refracting spar.
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr. calx, calcis , heel.] Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i. [L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See Calcitrant.] To kick.
Cal`ci*tra"tion (-trā"shŭn), n. Act of kicking.
Cal"ci*um (kăl"s&ibreve;*ŭm), n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis, lime; cf F. calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
&fist; Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also Drummond light.
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or eating into, limestone.
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices calcography.
{ Cal`co*graph"ic (?), Cal`co*graph"ic*al, } a. Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.] The art of drawing with chalk.
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.] See under Calcite.
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.] Same as Calcite.
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.] See under Calcite.
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. calculable.] That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation.
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating (?).] [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.] 1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe.
North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth.
Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit.
Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.]
Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. -- To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives" Crabb.
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate.
F. W. Robertson.
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a. 1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit society.
Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws
. Hawthorne.
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results.
Cal`cu*la"tion (-lā"shŭn), n. [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.] 1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. "The calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes it.
Boyle.
2. An expectation based on circumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port,
Abhorrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong.
Tennyson.
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator.
Burke.
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation. Sherwood.
Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell.
Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See Calculus.
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L. calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous concretion. Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous person.
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Calculi (#). [L, calculus. See Calculate, and Calcule.] 1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which coŰfficients or weights are ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. -- Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.
Cal"dron (k&add;l"drŭn), n. [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF. caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudiŔre, LL. caldaria, fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus, calidus, warm, fr. calere to be warm; cf. Skr. šrā to boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric, Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written also cauldron.] "Caldrons of boiling oil." Prescott.
||Ca*lŔche" (k&adot;*lāsh"), n. [F. calŔche.] See Calash.
Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry.
Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.
Ca*led"o*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.
Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]
Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.
Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. calefactio: cf. F. calÚfaction.] 1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See Calefactory. [R.]
Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or communicating heat.
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n. 1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.
Cal"e*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.
Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne.
||Cal"em*bour` (?), n. [F.] A pun.
Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.] 1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.
Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon.
Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar. See under VendÚmiaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendaring.] To enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.
Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.
Cal"en*da*ry (?), a. Calendarial. [Obs.]
Cal"en*der (?), n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;. See Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of calendering.
My good friend the calender.
Cawper.
Cal"en*der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n.] To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure.
Cal"en*der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n. [Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes calendars. [R.]
Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender.
{ Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al (?), } a., Of or pertaining to a calendar.
Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;. CF. Claim.] The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also kalends.]
The Greek calends, a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.
||Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name.
Ca*len"du*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.
Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.
Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture. [Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air
Or calentures in depths of limpid flood.
Wordsworth.
Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L. calescens, p. pr. of calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat.
Calf (?), n.; pl. Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel. kālfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalbō; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, Skr grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa, colpach, a calf. √222.] 1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf.
Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. kālfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.
Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.
Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.
||Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]
{ Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre } (?), n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. qālib model, mold. Cf. Calipers, Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes.
Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small caliber.
Prescott.
&fist; The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke.
Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament.
Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.
Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.
Cal"ice (?), n. [See Calice.] See Chalice.
Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zo÷l.) (a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian. [Written also calycle. See Calycle.]
Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl. Calicoes (#). [So called because first imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.] 1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company
. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.
&fist; In the United States the term calico is applied only to the printed fabric.
Calico bass (Zo÷l.), an edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead. -- Calico printing, the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.
Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or having the appearance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.]
Cal"i*co*back` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug.
{ Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a. Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a. Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate.
Cal"id (?), a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] Bailey.
Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat. [Obs.]
Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced.
Evelyn.
{ Ca"lif (?), n., Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc. Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.
Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California.
Cal`i*ga"tion (-gā"shŭn), n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.] Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.
Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.] Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.] Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air.
Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.
||Ca*li"go (?), n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.
Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See Calligraphic.
Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See Caligraphy.
||Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea canisters.
Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.
Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See Calipash] A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy. Thackeray.
Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.] An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber compasses.
Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight. -- Vernier calipers. See Vernier.
Ca"liph (kā"l&ibreve;f), n. [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp. califa), fr. Ar. khalīfan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey. [Written also calif.]
Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F. califat.] The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.
Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.
Calippic period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.
Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and other closely related species.
||Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children.
Cal`is*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful + sqe`nos strength.] Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.
Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun, a variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.] Shak.
||Ca"lix (kā"l&ibreve;ks), n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx.
Calk (k&add;k), v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.] [Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.] 1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.
Calk (kălk), v. t. [E. calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held. [Written also calque]
Calk (k&add;k), n. [Cf. AS. calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, heel, calcar, spur.] 1. A sharp-pointed piece of iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a horse or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also calker, calkin.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk (k&add;k), v. i. 1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.
Calk"er (?), n. 1. One who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calk"ing (?), n. The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing.
Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide.
Dryden.
Call (k&add;l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Called (k&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS. ceallian; akin to Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG. kallōn to call; cf. Gr. ghry`ein to speak, sing, Skr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.] 1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain
Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle
Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.
Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together; as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament.
Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name.
If you would but call me Rosalind.
Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.
Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common.
Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men.
Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard.
Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear.
Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness.
2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock.
I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly.
Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body.
Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. -- To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.
Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with to.
You must call to the nurse.
Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar.
Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one.
Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a week.
Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale." Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.
Call (?), n. 1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call. "Call of the trumpet." Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not.
Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity.
Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty.
Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians.
Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense, calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call.
Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4.
At call, or On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artificially applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.
Cal"la (kăl"l&adot;), n. [LinnŠus derived Calla fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a cock's wattles but cf. L. calla, calsa, name of an unknown plant, and Gr. kalo`s beautiful.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order AraceŠ.
&fist; The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers.
Cal"lat (?), n. Same as Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue.
Shak.
Calle (?), n. [See Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Call"er (?), n. One who calls.
||Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.
Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.]
Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.
Cal"lid (?), a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]
Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity.
C. Smart.
Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
{ Cal`li*graph"ic (?), Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), } a., [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;; pref. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;- (fr. &?;&?;&?;&?; beautiful) + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to write; cf. F. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act.
T. Warton.
Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A calligrapher
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship.
Call"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment.
Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling.
2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure.
2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent.
Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings.
Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son
His youngest son, and would not change that calling.
Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.
Cal*li"o*pe (kăl*lī"&osl;*p&esl;), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. Kallio`ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref. kalli- (from kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`ps, 'opo`s, voice.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. See Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.
4. (Zo÷l.) A beautiful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.
||Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. kalli- (fr. kalo`s beautiful) + 'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.) A popular name given to a few species of the genus Coreopsis, especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas.
Cal`li*pash" (&?;), n. See Calipash.
Cal`li*pee" (&?;), n. See Calipee.
Cal`li*pers (&?;), n. pl. See Calipers.
Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L. callere to be insensible + E. section.] Painless vivisection; -- opposed to sentisection. B. G. Wilder.
{ Cal`lis*then"ic, a., Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. } See Calisthenic, Calisthenics.
Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin horns, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a charivari. [U. S.]
Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.]
Cal*lo"san (?), a. (Anat.) Of the callosum.
Cal"lose (?), a. [See Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots.
Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Callosities (#). [L. callasitas; cf. F. calostÚ.] A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of continued pressure or friction.
||Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.) The great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under Carpus.
Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif or skullcap. Same as Calotte. B. Jonson.
Cal"lous (?), a. [L. callosus callous hard, fr. callum, callus, callous skin: cf. F. calleux.] 1. Hardened; indurated. "A callous hand." Goldsmith. "A callous ulcer." Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. "The callous diplomatist." Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to ridicule.
T. Arnold.
Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate.
-- Cal"lous*ly, adv. -- Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul.
Bentley.
Cal"low (?), a. [OE. calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to D. kaal, OHG. chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest,
Which, o'er the callow young, a sparrow pressed.
Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; "green"; as, a callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid.
Old Play [1675].
Cal*low" (?), n. (Zo÷l.) [Named from its note.] A kind of duck. See Old squaw.
Cal"lus (kăl"lŭs), n. [L. See Callous.] 1. (Med.) (a) Same as Callosity. (b The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets.
Calm (kńm), n. [OE. calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp. calma (cf. Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr. kay^ma burning heat, fr. kai`ein to burn; either because during a great heat there is generally also a calm, or because the hot time of the day obliges us seek for shade and quiet; cf. Caustic] Freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or absence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stillness; quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.
Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making.
South.
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calming.] [Cf. F. calmer. See Calm, n.] 1. To make calm; to render still or quiet, as elements; as, to calm the winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus.
Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as the mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.
Atterbury.
Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; allay; pacify; tranquilize; soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm (kńm), a. [Compar. Calmer (-&etilde;r); super. Calmest (-&ebreve;st)] 1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed. "Calm was the day." Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still.
Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech. "Calm and sinless peace." Milton. "With calm attention." Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure
And self-commanding hearts ensure.
Keble.
Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calm"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes calm.
Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows.
Denham.
Calm"ness, n. The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self- repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood.
Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power.
E. Everett.
Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.; sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race inhabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also (sing.), the language of the Calmucks. [Written also Kalmucks.]
Calm"y (?), a. [Fr. Calm, n.] Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] "A still and calmy day" Spenser.
Cal"o*mel (kăl"&osl;*m&ebreve;l), n. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful + me`las black. So called from its being white, though made from a black mixture of mercury and corrosive sublimate. Cf. F. calomÚlas.] (Chem.) Mild chloride of mercury, Hg2Cl2, a heavy, white or yellowish white substance, insoluble and tasteless, much used in medicine as a mercurial and purgative; mercurous chloride. It occurs native as the mineral horn quicksilver.
Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L. calor heat.] (Physics) The conversion of obscure radiant heat into light; the transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility. Tyndall.
Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics) The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat.
Caloric expands all bodies.
Henry.
Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to caloric.
Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated by heated air.
Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n. (Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat necessary to life, that is, the animal heat.
Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.
Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat according to the French standard; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0░ to 1░. Compare the English standard unit, Foot pound.
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F. calorifŔre, fr. L. calor heat + ferre to bear.] An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water circulating in tubes.
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. calorificus; calor heat + facere to make; cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating.
Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the sun, and from burning and heated bodies.
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion (k&adot;*l&obreve;r`&ibreve;*f&ibreve;*kā"shŭn), n. [Cf. F. calorification.] Production of heat, esp. animal heat.
Ca*lor`i*fi"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.
Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf. F. calorimŔtre.] 1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.
Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to the process of using the calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results.
Nichol.
Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n. (Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects.
{ ||Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot (?) }, n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim. Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.
To assume the calotte, to become a priest.
Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr. kalo`s beautiful + ty`pos type.] (Photog.) A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot.
Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; a monk; kalo`s beautiful, good + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;, equiv. to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; an old man.] A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos.
Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk, v. t.
{ Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap (?), } n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collrŠppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E. trap. See 1st Trap.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order ZygophylleŠ, having a hard several- celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.
Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.] (Med.) The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and probably Cocculus palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also colombo, columbo, and calombo.]
American calumba, the Frasera Carolinensis, also called American gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of calumba.
Ca*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root. [Written also colombin, and columbin]
Cal"u*met (?), n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe,
As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.
&fist; The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.
Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p. pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L. calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v. t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all godly men's doings.
Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See Asperse.
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or crime.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion (k&adot;*lŭm`n&ibreve;*ā"shŭn), n. False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors.
Bacon.
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n. [L.] One who calumniates.
Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a. Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu.
Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L. calumniosus.] Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes.
Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory; libelous; abusive.
-- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.
Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl. Calumnies (#). [L. calumnia, fr. calvi to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge, n.] False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction. "Infamous calumnies." Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny.
Shak.
||Cal*va"ri*a (kăl*vā"r&ibreve;*&adot;), n. [L. See Calvary.] (Anat.) The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper portion.
Cal"va*ry (kăl"v&adot;*r&ybreve;), n. [L. calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F. calvaire.] 1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem. Luke xxiii. 33.
&fist; The Latin calvaria is a translation of the Greek krani`on of the Evangelists, which is an interpretation of the Hebrew Golgotha. Dr. W. Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were present at the crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called cross calvary.
Calve (kńv), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Calving.] [AS. cealfian. See Calf.] 1. To bring forth a calf. "Their cow calveth." Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?
Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved.
Molton.
Cal"ver (kăl"v&etilde;r), v. i. 1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats.
Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered salmon. Nares.
Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's flesh will calver. Catton.
Calves"*snout (?), n. (Bot.) Snapdragon.
Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches.
&fist; The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times.
Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism.
{ Cal`vin*is"tic (?), Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching Calvinism. "Calvinistic training." Lowell.
Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To convert to Calvinism.
Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf; stupid. Sheldon.
Calx (?), n.; pl. E. Calxes (#), L. Calces (#). [L. Calx, calcis. limestone; cf. Gr. &?; gravel. &?;, &?;, pebble, Skr. &?; gravel, Ir. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime. [Obs.] (b) The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder.
&fist; Metallic calxes are now called oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.
{ Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?), cal*lyc`i*flo"rous (?), } a. [L. calyx, -ycis, calyx + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French botanist Candolle.
Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L. calyx, calycis, calyx + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form or appearance of a calyx.
{ Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine (?), } a. (Bot.) Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx.
Cal"y*cle (?), n. [L. calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of calyx. See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.
Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Calyculate.
||Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, cup or calyx a flower + &?; animal.] (Zo÷l.) A group of acalephs of which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four large compartments. See Lucernarida.
Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a calycle.
{ Ca*lyc"u*late (?), Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?) }, a. (Bot.) Having a set of bracts resembling a calyx.
Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. (&?;) concealed, p. p. of &?; to conceal.] (Zo÷l.) A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.
Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc. Haliwell.
Ca*lyp"so (k&adot;*l&ibreve;p"s&osl;), n. [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.] (Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68░ N.
Ca*lyp"tra (k&adot;*l&ibreve;p"tr&adot;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kaly`ptra a covering for the head, fr. kaly`ptein to cover.] (Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small flasklike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any similar covering body.
Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a. [Calyptra + -form.] Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.
Ca"lyx (kā"l&ibreve;ks; 277), n.; pl. E. Calyxes (#), L. Calyces (kăl"&ibreve;*sēz). [L. calyx, -ycis, fr. Gr. ka`lyx husk, shell, calyx, from the root of kaly`ptein to cover, conceal. Cf. Chalice Helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See Flower.
&fist; The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal papillŠ.
Cal*zoons" (kăl*z&oomac;nz"), n. pl. [F. calešons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr. L. calceus shoe.] Drawers. [Obs.]
Cam (kăm), n. [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W., Gael., and Ir., cam bent. See 1st Comb.] 1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which it acts.
&fist; Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright.
Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion.
Cam (?), a. [See Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.]
Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.] 1. A cameo. [Obs.] Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one color; monochrome. Mollett.
Ca*mail" (?), n. [F. camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L. caput head + source of E. mail.] 1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood worn in church services, -- the amice, or the like.
||Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. &?; a vaulted chamber + &?; lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebrŠ.
||Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a cabal or clique.
Cam"ass (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the Indians. [Written also camas, cammas, and quamash.]
&fist; The Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri.
Cam"ber (?), n. [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch. See Chamber, and cf. Camerate.] 1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback.
Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve.
Cam"ber, v. i. To curve upward.
Cam"ber*keeled (?), a. (Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; -- said of a ship.
Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.] Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]
Cam"bist (?), n. [F. cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L. cambire to exchange. See Change.] A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange.
Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.] 1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to originate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase. Dunglison.
Cam"blet (?), n. See Camlet.
Cam*boge" (?), n. See Gamboge.
Cam*boose" (?), n. (Naut.) See Caboose.
Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to cambric.
Cam"brel (?), n. See Gambrel, n., 2. Wright.
Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets.
Cam"bri*an (?), a. 1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under Geology.
Cam"bri*an, n. 1. A native of Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.
Cam"bric (?), n. [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.] 1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns.
Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called cotton cambric, and cambric muslin.
Cam"bro-Brit"on (?), n. A Welshman.
Came (?), imp. of Come.
Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.] A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of glass.
Cam"el (kăm"&ebreve;l), n. [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F. chameau L. camelus, fr. Gr. ka`mhlos; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. gāmāl, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L. camelus.] 1. (Zo÷l.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicu˝a, of South America, belong to a related genus (Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A water-tight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted.
Camel bird (Zo÷l.), the ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zo÷l.), the mantis. -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna.
Cam"el-backed` (?), a. Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller.
Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See Chaceleon. [Obs.]
Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; -- named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said to have brought it from the East.] (Bot.) An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camellia Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and C. Sassanqua and C. oleifera are grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.
Ca*mel"o*pard (k&adot;*m&ebreve;l"&osl;*pńrd or kăm"&ebreve;l*&osl;*pńrd; 277), n. [LL. camelopardus, L. camelopardalus, camelopardalis, fr. Gr. kamhlopa`rdalis; ka`mhlos a camel + pa`rdalis pard, leopard: cf. F. camÚlopard. The camelopard has a neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and Pard.] (Zo÷l.) An African ruminant; the giraffe. See Giraffe.
Came"lot (?), n. See Camelet. [Obs.]
Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of camel's hair.
Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used by painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name often given to a cashmere shawl. See Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.
Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl. Cameos (#). [It cammeo; akin to F. camÚe, cama´eu, Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.] A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like.
&fist; Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used.
Cameo conch (Zo÷l.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern conch.
Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E. Cameras (#), L. Camerae (#). [L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See Chamber.] A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The camera obscura when used in photography. See Camera, and Camera obscura.
Bellows camera. See under Bellows. -- In camera (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera. -- Panoramic, or Pantascopic, camera, a photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. Abney.
Came"rade (?), n. See Comrade. [Obs.]
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to finance and public revenue.
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. camÚralistique, G. kameralistik, fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.] The science of finance or public revenue.
||Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L. camera chamber + L. lucidus, lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.) An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently traced. It is generally used with the microscope.
||Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL. camera chamber + L. obscurus, obscura, dark.] (Opt.) 1. An apparatus in which the images of external objects, formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the outlines may be traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses, thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back of an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modified; -- commonly called simply the camera.
Cam"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Camerzting.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See Camber.] 1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. cameratio.] A vaulting or arching over. [R.]
||Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n. [It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed great power. [Written also camerlengo and camarlengo.]
Cam`e*ro"ni*an (?), n. A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charles II.
Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II. deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political rights.
Cam"is (kăm"&ibreve;s), n. [See Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe. [Also written camus.] [Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk.
Spenser.
{ Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do (?), } n. [F. camisade a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.) (a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able to recognize one another in a night attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season.
Holinshed.
||Cam"i*sard (?), n. [F.] One of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (camise) which they wore.
Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.
||Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See chemise.] 1. A short dressing jacket for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Cam"let (?), n. [F. camelot (akin to Sp. camelote, chamelote, It. cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum, camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr. kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused with camel, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf. Calamanco] A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes written camelot and camblet.]
&fist; They have been made plain and twilled, of single warp and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also, with thicker yarn. Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined. Sir T. Herbert.
Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass.
Cam"mock (?), n. [AS. cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; -- called also rest- harrow. The Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock.
{ Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile } (?), n.[LL. camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr. &?;, lit. earth apple, being so called from the smell of its flower. See Humble, and Melon.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste. They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the volatile oil is carminative.
||Ca*mon"flet (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the retreat of the miners. Farrow.
{ Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys (?), } a. [F. camus (equiv. to camard) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L. camur, camurus, croked.] Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose. [Obs.]
Ca"moused, (&?;), a. [From Camouse] Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused.
B. Jonson
Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry. [Obs.] Skelton.
Camp (kămp), n. [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, field; akin to Gr. kh^pos garden. Cf. Campaign, Champ, n.] 1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shak.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston.
W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight.
Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost; -- called also burrow and pie. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.] An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England. Halliwell.
Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. -- camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever, typhus fever. -- Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. -- Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefly by Methodists. It usually last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp stool, the same as camp chair, except that the stool has no back. -- Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. Farrow. -- To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp. -- To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.
Camp (kămp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Camped (kămt; 215); p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity
To camp this host, we all would sup together.
Shak.
Camp, v. i. 1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; - - often with out.
They camped out at night, under the stars.
W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n., 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.
Cam*pa"gna (c&adot;m*pń"ny&adot;), n. [It. See Campaigg.] An open level tract of country; especially "Campagna di Roma." The extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome.
&fist; Its length is commonly stated to be about ninety miles, and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The ground is almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from the district produce malaria.
||Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. , fr. campagne field.] (Zo÷l.) A mouse (Arvicala agrestis), called also meadow mouse, which often does great damage in fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.
Cam*paign" (?), n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf. Champaign, Champagne.] 1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. SeeChampaign. Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field. Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.
Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve in a campaign.
Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.
Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL. campana bell. Cf. Campanle.] 1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower. Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as Gutta.
Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.) Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells.
||Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp., a bellman.] (Zo÷l.) The bellbird of South America. See Bellbird.
Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See Campana.] (Her.) Bells. [R.]
||Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See Campaig.] Open country. Sir W. Temple.
Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL. campana bell + -form: cf. F. companiforme.] Bell-shaped.
||Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It. campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL. campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
Many of the campaniles of Italy are lofty and magnificent structures.
Swift.
Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL. campana bell + -logy.] The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.
||Cam*pan"u*la (kăm*păn"&usl;*l&adot;), n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of campana bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also called bellflower.
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous (kăm*păn`&usl;*lā"shŭs), a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants (CampanulaceŠ) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass.
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. campanula a bell.] (Zo÷l.) A hydroid of the family CampanularidŠ, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothecŠ.
Cam*pan"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Bell-shaped.
Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.] (Eccl.) A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as a nickname. See Christian, 3.
Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of Campeachy, in Mexico.] Logwood.
Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.
{ Cam*pes"tral (?), Cam*pes"tri*an (?), } a. [L. campester, fr. campus field.] Relating to an open field; growing in a field, or open ground.
Camp"fight` (?), n. [Cf. Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.) A duel; the decision of a case by a duel.
Cam"phene (kăm"fēn or kăm*fēn"), n. (Chem.) One of a series of substances C10H16, resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.
Cam*phine" (kăm*fēn" or kăm"f&ibreve;n), n. [From Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.
&fist; The name is also applied to a mixture of this substance with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a little ether, used as an illuminant.
Cam"phire (kăm"fīr), n. An old spelling of Camphor.
Cam"pho*gen (?), n. [Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called as derived from camphor: cf. F. camphogŔne.] (Chem.) See Cymene.
Cam"phol (?), n. [Camphor + -ol.] (Chem.) See Borneol.
Cam"phor (kăm"f&etilde;r), n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It. canfora, Sp. camfora, alcanfor, LL. canfora, camphora, NGr. kafoyra`), fr. Ar. kāfūr, prob. fr. Skr. karpūra.] 1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphora (the Laurus camphora of LinnŠus.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative.
2. A gum resembling ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol.
&fist; The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as cedar camphor, obtained from the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint.
Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor tree. -- Camphor tree, a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product.
Cam"phor (?), v. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.] Tatler.
Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor. Dunglison.
Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To impregnate or treat with camphor.
Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of camphoric acid.
{ Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted (?), }Combined or impregnated with camphor.
Camphorated oil, an oleaginous preparation containing camphor, much used as an embrocation.
Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor.
Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation of camphor.
&fist; Other acids of camphor are campholic acid, C10H18O2, and camphoronic acid, C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances.
Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from camphor. [R.]
Camp"ing (?), n. 1. Lodging in a camp.
2. [See Camp, n., 6] A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing berries regarded as poisonous.
Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having a much inflated calyx. See Behen. -- Rose campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria) with handsome crimson flowers.
||Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a field.] The principal grounds of a college or school, between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college campus.
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; curved + &?; seed.] (Bot.) Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet cicely.
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. &?; curved + &?; a turning.] (Bot.) Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close together.
Cam"us (?), n. See Camis. [Obs.]
Cam"wood (?), n. See Barwood.
Can (?), an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in old poetry. [See Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree.
Spenser.
Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne; akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG. channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan. kande.] 1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can,
Have a rouse before the morn.
Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk can.
&fist; A can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.
Can (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb. n. Canning.] To preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] "Canned meats" W. D. Howells.
Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.
Can (?), v. t. & i. [The transitive use is obsolete.] [imp. Could (#).] [OE. cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic cann or can, pl. cunnon, 1st sing. imp. cūe (for cune); p. p. cū (for cun); akin to OS. Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G. k÷nnen, Icel. kunna, Goth. Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a preterit, meaning I have known or Learned, and hence I know, know how. √45. See Ken, Know; cf. Con, Cunning, Uncouth.] 1. To know; to understand. [Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood.
Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she.
Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can.
Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can.
Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms?
Shak.
MŠcŠnas and Agrippa, who can most with CŠsar.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go, but do not wish to.
Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, "I can but perish if I go," "But" means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. "We can not but speak of the things which we have seen and heard." he referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, "I can not help it." Thus we say. "I can not but hope," "I can not but believe," "I can not but think," "I can not but remark," etc., in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque
De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer.
Dickens.
Ca"naan*ite (?), n. 1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah.
2. A Native or inhabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic word signifying "zeal."] A zealot. "Simon the Canaanite." Matt. x. 4.
&fist; This was the "Simon called Zelotes" (Luke vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot. Kitto.
Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
||Ca*˝a"da (?), n. [Sp.] A small ca˝on; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]
Can"a*da (?), n. A British province in North America, giving its name to various plants and animals.
Canada balsam. See under Balsam. -- Canada goose. (Zo÷l.) See Wild goose. -- Canada jay. See Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx. (Zo÷l.) See Lynx. -- Canada porcupine (Zo÷l.) See Porcupine, and Urson. -- Canada rice (Bot.) See under Rick. -- Canada robin (Zo÷l.), the cedar bird.
Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Canada.
Canadian period (Geol.), A subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under Geology.
Ca*naille" (?), n. [F. canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour. [Canadian]
Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of can.] A little can or cup. "And let me the canakin clink." Shak.
Ca*nal" (?), n. [F. canal, from L. canalis canal, channel; prob. from a root signifying "to cut"; cf. D. kanaal, fr. the French. Cf. Channel, Kennel gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of the ear.
Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the towpath beside the canal. -- Canal lock. See Lock.
Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel coal.
{ Can`a*lic"u*late (?), Can`a*lic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [L. canaliculatus channeled, fr. canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See Canal.] Having a channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most palms.
||Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Canaliculi (#). [L.] (Anat.) A minute canal.
Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n. Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals. [R.]
Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly, a duck.] An extravagant or absurd report or story; a fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat in the newspapers to hoax the public.
Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India.
Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone.
Canary grass, a grass of the genus Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary vine. See Canary bird flower, under Canary bird.
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries (#). 1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. "A cup of canary." Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.
4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.]
Make you dance canary
With sprightly fire and motion.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it with your feet.
Shak.
Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zo÷l.) A small singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus Canarius), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish, but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown color. It is sometimes called canary finch.
Canary bird flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (TropŠolum peregrinum) with canary- colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also canary vine.
Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp. canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L. canistrum. See Canister.] A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed in South America. McElrath.
Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy, n.
||Can"can (?), n. [F.] A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures.
Can"cel (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Canceled or Cancelled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Canceling or Cancelling.] [L. cancellare to make like a lattice, to strike or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF. canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars, dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. &?; latticed gate. Cf. Chancel.] 1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged.
Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude. [Obs.] "Canceled from heaven." Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or cancelli; though the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing it.
Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled.
Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created through former secret services, by being refractory on this occasion.
Sir W. Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type.
Canceled figures (Print), figures cast with a line across the face., as for use in arithmetics.
Syn. -- To blot out; obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do away; set aside. See Abolish.
Can"cel, n. [See Cancel, v. i., and cf. Chancel.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the cancels of the body.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print) (a) The suppression or striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or pages. (b) The part thus suppressed.
Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F. chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig. to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E. cancel.] (Falconry) To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.] Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced
To cancelier.
Massinger.
{ Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer (?) }, n. (Falconry) The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies,
Make sundry canceliers ere they the fowl can reach.
Drayton.
Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a. Cancellarean. [R.]
Can"cel*late (?), a. [L. cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See Cancel, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plants; latticelike.
2. (Zo÷l.) Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing at right angles.
Can"cel*la`ted (?), a. 1. Crossbarred; marked with cross lines. Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some porous bones.
Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L. cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.] 1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of striking out common factors, in both the dividend and divisor.
||Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L., a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.] 1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the chancel and the nave of a church, or in a window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular extremities.
Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L. cancellosus covered with bars.] (Anat.) Having a spongy or porous structure; made up of cancelli; cancellated; as, the cancellous texture of parts of many bones.
Can"cer (?), n. [L. cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the zodiac; akin to Gr. karki`nos, Skr. karka&tsdot;a crab, and prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.] 1. (Zo÷l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See Crab.
2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term is now restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework.
&fist; Four kinds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also called carcinoma.
Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic.
Can"cer*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cancerated.] [LL. canceratus eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To grow into a cancer; to become cancerous. Boyle.
Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer.
Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. cancÚreux.] Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer. "Cancerous vices." G. Eliot.
Can"cer*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. cancÚreux] Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer. "cancerous vices" G. Eliot.
[1913 Webster]
-- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. -- Can"cer*ous*ness, n.
Can"cri*form (?), a. [Cancer + -form; cf. F. cancriforme.] 1. Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab- shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Can"crine (?), a. [From Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab; crablike.
Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named after Count Cancrin, a minister of finance in Russia.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Can"croid (?), a. [Cancer + oid.] 1. (Zo÷l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the Cancroidea, one of the families of crabs, including the genus Cancer.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid tumor.
Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See Kand.
Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl. L. Candelabra (#), E. Candelabrums (#). [L., fr. candela candle. See candle.] 1. (Antiq.) (a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several branches.
Can`dent (?), a. [L. candens, p. pr. of candŰre to glitter. See Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. "A candent vessel." Boyle.
||Can"de*ros (?), n. An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Can*des"cence (?), n. See Incandescence.
Can"di*cant (?), a. [L. candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be whitish.] Growing white. [Obs.]
Can*did (kăn"d&ibreve;d), a. [F. candide (cf. It. candido), L. candidus white, fr. candēre to be of a glowing white; akin to accend&ebreve;re, incend&ebreve;re, to set on fire, Skr. chand to shine. Cf. Candle, Incense.] 1. White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence,
The stones came candid forth, the hue of innocence.
Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid opinion. "Candid and dispassionate men." W. Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken.
Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid, Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair when he puts things on a just or equitable footing; he is candid when be looks impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open and frank when he declares his sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a noble regard for truth. Fair dealing; candid investigation; an open temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or declaration.
Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The position of a candidate; state of being a candidate; candidateship.
Can"di*date (?), n. [L. Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office in Rome were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed in white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F. candidat.] One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of governor; a candidate for holy orders; a candidate for scholastic honors.
Can"di*date*ship, n. Candidacy.
Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement. [Cant, U. S.]
Can"di*da*ture (?), n. Candidacy.
Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a candid manner.
Can"did*ness, n. The quality of being candid.
Can"died (?), a. [From 1st Candy.] 1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as, candied fruits.
2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as candied sirup. (b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied raisins. (c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp.
Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook,
Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast?
Shak.
Can"di*fy (?), v. t. or v. i. [L. candificare; candŰre to be white + - facere to make.] To make or become white, or candied. [R.]
Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F. candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia; Cretary.
Can"dite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in Ceylon.
Can"dle (?), n. [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L. candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. candŰre to be white. See Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.] 1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.
Shak.
&fist; Candles are usually made by repeatedly dipping the wicks in the melted tallow, etc. ("dipped candles"), or by casting or running in a mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night.
Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites triloba), a native of some of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil has many uses. -- Candle power (Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle. -- Electric candle, A modification of the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle. -- Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the candle, not worth the cost or trouble. -- Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease. -- Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle burns out. -- Standard candle (Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour. -- To curse by bell, book and candle. See under Bell.
Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.) A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for hardening candles; -- also called bayberry tree, bayberry, or candleberry.
Can"dle*bomb` (#), n. 1. A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it explodes. Farrow.
Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel coal.
Can"dle*fish` (#), n. (Zo÷l.) (a) A marine fish (Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found on the north Pacific coast; -- called also eulachon. It is so oily that, when dried, it may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it. (b) The beshow.
Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists another, but is otherwise not of importance. Shak.
Can"dle*light`, n. The light of a candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed.
Dryden.
Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS. candelmŠsse, candel candle + mŠsse mass.] The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on that day.
Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS. candel-sticca; candel candle + sticca stick.] An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle.
Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One who consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster.
B. Jonson.
Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr. can + dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut horsetail, lit. "canweed."] (Bot.) A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar luteum).
Can"dor (?), n. [Written also candour.] [L. candor, fr. candŰre; cf. F. candeur. See candid.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity
Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot
That may take from your innocence and candor.
Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who held that side of the question.
Whewell.
Can"droy (?), n. A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing.
Can"dy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Candied (?); p. pr & vb. n. Candying.] [F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp. az˙car cande or candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Khan.d.da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. khan.d., khad. to break.] 1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling candy; as, to candy sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings
Which candy every green.
Drayson.
Can"dy (?), v. i. 1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved in sugar candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass.
Can"dy n. [F. candi. See Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc.
||Candy, n. [Mahratta khan.d.ī, Tamil kan.d.i.] A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Can"dy*tuft` (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant of the genus Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in the island of Candia.
Cane (kān), n. [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna, fr. Gr. ka`nna, ka`nnh; prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. qāneh reed. Cf. Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and DŠmanorops, having very long, smooth flexible stems, commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and brave.
B. Jonson.
&fist; In the Southern United States great cane is the Arundinaria macrosperma, and small cane is. A. tecta.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of one of the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane.
Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign
The flying skirmish of the darted cane.
Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See Canna.
Cane borer (Zo÷.), A beetle (Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. -- Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane (kān), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caned (kānd); p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.] 1. To beat with a cane. Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane chairs.
Cane"brake` (-brāk`), n. A thicket of canes. Ellicott.
Caned (kānd), a. [Cf. L. canus white.] Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
||Ca*nel"la (k&adot;*n&ebreve;l"l&adot;), n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F. cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order CanellaceŠ, growing in the West Indies.
&fist; The principal species is Canella alba, and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of wild cinnamon and whitewood bark.
Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v. inchoative of canere to be white.] Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white.
Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.
||Ca*nic"u*la (?), n. [L. canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim. of canis dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius.
Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L. canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.] Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star.
Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another.
Can"i*cule (?), n. Canicula. Addison.
Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See Canine, a.
Ca*nine" (?), a. [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See Hound.] 1. Of or pertaining to the family CanidŠ, or dogs and wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the incisors.
Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter, the letter r. See R. -- Canine madness, hydrophobia. -- Canine tooth, a tooth situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called because well developed in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the lower jaw.
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine tooth.
||Ca"nis (kă"n&ibreve;s), n.; pl. Canes (- nēz). [L., a dog.] (Zo÷l.) A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family CanidŠ, including the dogs and wolves.
||Canis major [L., larger dog], a constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog Star. -- ||Canis minor [L., smaller dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.
Can"is*ter (kăn"&ibreve;s*t&etilde;r), n. [L. canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr. &?;, fr. ka`nh, ka`nna reed; cf. F. canistre. See Cane, and Canaster.] 1. A small basket of rushes, reeds, or willow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also canister shot.
Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r), n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. &?; excrescence on tree, &?; gangrene. Cf. also OF. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf. Chancre.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also water canker, canker of the mouth, and noma.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction.
Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose.
And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke.
Shak.
Black canker. See under Black.
Can"ker (kă&nsm;"k&etilde;r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered (- k&etilde;rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cankering.] 1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consume.
No lapse of moons can canker Love.
Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. Addison.
A tithe purloined cankers the whole estate.
Herbert.
Can"ker, v. i. 1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. [Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding.
Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice.
Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.
Shak.
Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.
Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a blossom as a canker does. [Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom!
You thief of Love!
Shak.
Can"kered (?), a. 1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. "A cankered grandam's will." Shak.
Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully; spitefully.
Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on fruit.
Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting like a canker. "Canrerous shackles." Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change.
Wordsworth.
Can"ker rash` (?). (Med.) A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore throat.
Can"ker*worm` (?), n. (Zo÷l.) The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larvŠ are also called cankerworms.
&fist; The autumnal species (Anisopteryx pometaria) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring species (A. vernata) remains in the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both have winged males and wingless females. The larvŠ are similar in appearance and habits, and belong to the family of measuring worms or spanworms. These larvŠ hatch from the eggs when the leaves begin to expand in spring.
Can"ker*y (?), a. 1. Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
||Can"na (?), n. [It.] A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet. See Cane, 4.
||Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian shot (C. Indica) is found in gardens of the northern United States.
Can"na*bene (?), n. [From Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil obtained from hemp by distillation, and possessing its intoxicating properties.
Can"na*bin (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin.
Can"na*bine (?), a. [L. cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.]
||Can"na*bis (?), n. [L., hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus of a single species belonging to the order UricaceŠ; hemp.
Cannabis Indica (&?;), the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common hemp.
Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. candle coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles.
Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on. [U. S.]
Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E. Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of the name was afterward changed into NL. Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through a Latin root "propter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis." The Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. Calinago, Carinago, Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from which Columbus formed his Caribales.] A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin.
Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. "Cannibal terror." Burke.
Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibalisme.] The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity. Berke.
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of cannibal. "An he had been cannibally given." Shak.
Can"ni*kin (?), n. [Can + -kin.] A small can or drinking vessel.
Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Can"non (?), n.; pl. Cannons (#), collectively Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.] 1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force.
&fist; Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass, bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect to the special service for which they are intended, as intended, as siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The cannon now most in use for the armament of war vessels and for seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are sometimes called cannon. See Gun.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See Canon.
Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are properly called shells. -- Cannon bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] -- Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large size. -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon metal. See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion, the pinion on the minute hand arb
Showing first 200,000 characters. Full text: gutenberg.org/ebooks/661