Company G
by A. R. Barlow · English · Gutenberg #43562 · 292,975 chars · public domain (US)
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Title: Company G
a record of the services of one company of the 157th N. Y. Vols. in the War of the Rebellion, from Sept. 19, 1862 to July 10, 1865, including the roster of the company
Author: A. R. Barlow
Release date: August 26, 2013 [eBook #43562]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43562
Credits: E-text prepared by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (http://archive.org)
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COMPANY G.
A Record of the Services of One Company of the 157th N. Y. Vols.
in the War of the Rebellion.
From Sept. 19, 1862, to July 10, 1865.
Including the Roster of the Company.
by
A. R. BARLOW.
A. W. Hall, Publisher,
Syracuse, N.Y.
1899.
PREFATORY.
The production of this little work has long been contemplated. It has
seemed right that the records of some of the volunteer organizations
sent from Canastota and vicinity, during the War of the Rebellion,
should be recorded in such a form as would preserve to the families of
those boys, their deeds in marching, in fighting, in suffering for the
old flag. In an effort to accomplish such an undertaking as this, the
patronage of the general public is not considered. The book, if
requiting for the expense of publication, will be considered a success
financially.
As a literary effort, no claim is filed, unless one is admissible for
general accuracy in the matter of events and dates. Some critics may
take exception to the attempt herein made, to individualize a
collective noun and yet retain plurality; and in the same measure,
pervert mood and tense. It is admitted that the license is unique.
Quite likely other departures from good old grammatical paths will be
noted. Let it be remembered, however, that the experiences of Co. G
were, as a whole, unique, and to harmonize the literal with the
actual, the record should be drawn uniquely.
No apology is offered for trivial treatment of some of the subjects;
in truth, they are deserving of severe handling. If lack of respect
for commanding officers is shown, the explanation given is, that they
have been removed from the high pedestals of war-gods and are
considered only as men.
It is in no bitter sense the men who fought Co. G are termed rebels.
They were in rebellion and were known to the boys as rebels, or johnny
rebs. A false delicacy only would prompt the writer to deprive those
Southern men of a title which, apparently, they bore with pride.
As stated, this is not a work for the public eye. It is an offering to
comrades, from a comrade who marched with them, and experienced with
them the fortunes and misfortunes of war. And in performing this work,
care has been taken to omit such occurrences as might not be
understood by others than the actors; and while thus avoiding
over-coloring by a faithful portraiture of events, and suppressing
nothing worthy of record Co. G go into history.
In performing this duty, individual names have been used, illustrative
of passing events. Should any person feel aggrieved over such freedom,
let it be known, it was, indeed, born of familiarity with the
subjects, and is indulged in a spirit of good comradeship, without
thought of disparagement.
No man who marched with those boys can think of them unkindly. If
there were ever differences of a serious nature, the writer is
unmindful of them.
To travel over the old roads, to hunger and to thirst again; to sleep
where night found them; in sunshine, in storm out on the picket-line;
to toss upon a bed of suffering and weaken, day by day, for lack of
tender care;--in brief, to march away to the wars and enjoy the rich
compensation of an honorable return, all this and more, has been lived
again while preparing this record. And so with the old boys, as long
as they live, will they by this effort be enabled to travel Virginia
roads in all kinds of weather, without danger of sticking fast in the
mud, or of being stifled amid clouds of gray dust.
Why Co. G did not cut a broader swath along the pathway of glorious
attainment, they cannot understand. They were a willing body of men,
and were of a regiment of noble hearts. Misfortunes of war, simply,
were not the only elements at work defeating their best endeavors. The
true causes can be learned, only, in a huge compendium of tragical,
whimsical and amusing facts, concealed within the folios of that
unwritten or mythical history of the war, which never will be
published, a history that would tumble war-idols to the ground, and
elevate men who have passed into obscurity.
But Co. G have never permitted their escutcheon to lie prone in the
dust, that they might more readily engage in wrangling over such small
matters as position and preference. They do not grumble, they do not
boast. They learned, thirty-five years ago, to accept the inevitable,
which has been awarded to them in large quantities.
Co. G were boys of Lenox, who served in the name of Lenox. They
belonged, then to Lenox, as her offering in the war, and their record
is a part of the history of the town. Divested of verbiage, their
deeds will still be found honorable and manly. For, as once said the
lamented Capt. Frank, Co. G did "as well as any of them."
A few words should be given in memory of the dead, who, in life, stood
shoulder to shoulder with the boys of Co. G Dead?--a word applied to
express a religious belief; but how inexpressive of a new-birth.
"Death is but another name for change.
The weary shuffle off their mortal coil,
And think to slumber in eternal night.
But, lo! the man, tho' dead is living still;
Unclothed, is clothed upon, and his Mortality
Is swallowed up of Life."
Thus sang an inspired woman, and thus shall it be said of the boys who
gave their lives for the flag, and for their comrades who shall follow
them. And some day, upon the great plain of Light, the hosts will once
more marshal for a grand review.
ROSTER OF CO. G, 157TH N.Y. VOLS.
CAPTAINS.
Abraham Tuttle.
[1]Harrison Frank.
[2]Lafayette McWilliams.
LIEUTENANTS.
Maurice D. Bailey.
Harrison Frank.
Marshall Hemstreet.
[2]Frank E. Gates.
[2]Robert E. Grant.
[2]Jerome Forbes.
Clark Pierce.
ORDERLY SERGEANTS.
Israel P. Moore.
Marshall Hemstreet.
Frank E. Gates.
[2]John H. Roe.
Jerome Forbes.
Hubbard Suits.
SERGEANTS.
Marshall Hemstreet.
Frank E. Gates.
Henry C. Jarvis.
John H. Roe.
James B. Hooper.
[2]Nicholas Binges.
John H. Fancher.
Wm. H. Barlow.
[2]Harvey Lindsley.
CORPORALS.
Jerome Forbes.
[2]Irwin A. Sayles.
[2]James B. Hooper.
Clarence L. Spencer.
[2]Asa E. New.
Wm. J. Peck.
Wm. H. Barlow.
Nicholas Binges.
Hubbard Suits.
[2]Charles A. Near.
Daniel A. Betsinger.
[2]Albert R. Barlow.
[2]Jerry Murphy.
[2]William Miller.
Wm. H. Kimball.
MUSICIAN.
W. H. Perry.
TEAMSTER.
Wm. G. Johnson.
COOKS.
William Mallows.
Ziba Cloyes.
Patrick Matthews.
PRIVATES.
[2]Amos Avery.
[2]Peter Agan.
Daniel A. Betsinger.
Wm. W. Baldwin.
[1]Albert D. Bridge.
Daniel Brockway.
Albert R. Barlow.
Ziba Cloyes.
Alfred J. Cole.
Peter Cummings.
Francis H. Carey.
John H. Dunham.
Nicholas Ecker.
[1]John W. Foltz.
Conrad Foltz.
[2]Robert Farrington.
John H. Fancher.
Francis M. Gault.
Daniel D. Grovestein.
Stephen D. Harrington.
Joseph H. Hart.
[1]John A. Hart.
Jacob Hallicus.
[3]James M. Hainsworth.
[2]James Johnson.
[1]Luzerne E. Johnson.
Henry Kellogg.
Harvey Lindsley.
[1]Asa C. Lawrence.
Luther Loucks.
Wm. Mallows.
Myron A. Menzie.
Henry Mason.
Patrick Matthews.
James Matthews.
Jerry Murphy.
[1]Durell Moore.
Jeremiah McLane.
[2]John J. McMaster.
[2]William Miller.
[2]John Miller.
[2]Michael Miller.
[2]Chas. A. Near.
[2]Simon Nestler.
[2]Hugh O'Brien.
[1]Francis C. Pratt.
[2]William Pease.
[2]John Pfleiger.
Mason Phelps.
Chas. O. Ricker.
Wm. E. Rinn.
[3]Henry W. Richardson.
Nicholas J. Snyder.
Eusebius Sweet.
Hubbard Suits.
[2]James L. Travis.
John Torrey.
Elmer A. Wise.
[1]Alfred Wilder.
[2]Henry Whaling.
Calvin White.
DRAFTED RECRUITS.
Geo. S. Orr.
Scott D. Whitney.
SUBSTITUTES FOR DRAFTED MEN.
James Leonard.
John Wise.
ENLISTED AS RECRUITS.
[1]Abram Thornton.
Sylvanus D. Alexander.
Peter Delong.
Chas. Hoxie.
Nelson Kimball.
Henry Nobles.
Sylvanus S. Ostrander.
Samuel N. Jacquay.
[1]Russell Stroup.
Paul Stowell.
Wm. H. Schuyler.
Levi Schuyler.
Chas. O. Hinman.
[2]Wm. L. Johnson.
Wm. H. Kimball.
Patrick Kinney.
Alfred J. Leird.
William Rudd.
John Terry.
Daniel Winchell.
John Brown.
George Plank.
Arthur Campbell.
Rufus C. Baldwin.
[1] Killed in Action.
[2] Wounded.
[3] Died by disease or accident.
COMPANY G.
The date of their captain's commission placed Co. G seventh in
rank--beginning with A--and ninth company from the extreme right as the
regiment formed on the colors. The company was enrolled and became a
part of the 157th regiment of New York Volunteers, enlisted for three
years unless sooner discharged--"for three years unless sooner shot,"
according to Irwin Sayles, who left the company and the service minus a
right arm. The regiment was raised in Cortland and Madison Counties,
under the call of July 2d, 1862, for 300,000 three years men.
ABRAHAM TUTTLE, the first captain of Co. G, was a farmer living near
Clockville. He was about forty years of age, slightly gray, but strong
and active. Capt. Tuttle was an old-time California gold-seeker, who
took the long route via Cape Horn to the then new Eldorado. In some
respects he was well fitted for a soldier, but he had no taste for such
a life, as a profession, and resigned after experiencing the
discomforts of a winter campaign in Virginia.
MAURICE D. BAILEY, of Wampsville, was first lieutenant of Co. G. He was
one of the handsomest men in the regiment--finely made and set-up in
good style and in the prime and vigor of life. He was a big-hearted man
and popular. At home he was a farmer. After serving with the company
for a few months, he was assigned to Co. K, being promoted to a
captaincy, and remained with the regiment until the autumn of 1863,
when he resigned, at Folly Island, S.C.
HARRISON FRANK, second lieutenant of Co. G, was a speculator in farm
produce and lived at Wampsville; he was thirty-two years of age, a
rather tall, spare-built man. He came from German stock, and his
grandfather, Albert Frank, was a soldier of the Revolution. His
maternal grandfather, George Siver, was a soldier of 1812. Andrew Frank
married Nancy Siver and Harrison Frank was their son.
So it appears that Harrison was born with a martial spirit in him.
Unfortunately his physical powers were too frail for the hardships of
camp and field. It would seem that only a strong will power supported
the man for weeks at a time. "I will never give up until I am down,"
was written on every line of his features, while his figure was
unsteady and his limbs seemed unfit for carrying his body. But his eye
was clear and his voice rang out sharp and authoritative. He possessed
a shrill tone of voice, was rapid in speech, his perceptions were
clear, his preferences leaning to that which was just and right; was
methodical, correct, generous, temperate. Cared little for the glitter
of military display and wore on parade the dress coat of a private
adorned with shoulder straps. This was not from penuriousness. One day
the colonel took him to task for not appearing in a uniform coat.
"Colonel," he replied, "I have a mother and others at home, who need
all I can save from my pay. In my baggage I have a new uniform coat. My
boys know me in this uniform."
He wore that plain dress coat unmolested. In fact, when he fell at
Gettysburg he wore the ordinary blouse of a private soldier, with two
bars attached, taken from an old shoulder strap.
When Frank was made captain, the discipline of Co. G was very
indifferent, their tactics none of the best. They needed inspiring and
the right sort of man took hold of them, who knew there was crude
material in his company, of such from which good soldiers were
produced; so he applied himself and with immediate results, to make Co.
G one of the good companies of the regiment. Frank had been left behind
when the regiment went to the front. He was in poor health, but finally
reached Washington and lay there in hospital, or under treatment, for
weeks, rejoining the boys at Fairfax Court House, Va. He was still
weak, but brimful of patriotism, was sanguine of victory for the North
and said he expected to march into Richmond. Such sort of grit served
him to the last. Gradually, as the winter gave place to balmy spring,
his health seemed to improve and with that encouraging condition came
his ability to convey to his men the ambition of the soldier; and it
was not long before Co. G were looking up handsomely. In April, 1863,
President Lincoln reviewed the Army of the Potomac then lying in the
vicinity of Falmouth. Co. G were bright under the applications of
tripoli polish, blacking and brush-brooming; new uniforms, white
gloves, etc. Capt. Frank was proud of his men. As their esprit improved
the men grew to liking more and more the man who sought their greatest
good.
In this connection it is only just to remember a patriotic act of Mrs.
Daniel Crouse, of Canastota, who presented a regulation sword to each
of the officers of Co. G. The ceremony occurred in the old Dutch
Reformed Church in Canastota. Judge Barlow made the presentation
speech, to which the then Lieutenant Frank responded in a modest, but
manly style.
A FEW NOTES OF GENERAL INTEREST.
Co. G was recruited in the middle portion of the Town of Lenox, Madison
County. It was known in the regiment as the Canastota Company. A
patriotic region was the territory within a radius of four miles of
that small village. Before 1856 it was counted a reliably Democratic
locality, but the anti-slavery agitation soon found it fertile ground
for propagating Free-Soil ideas and it rapidly changed to the
Republican side, as soon as the issue was fairly made. So, when the war
broke out, the missionary work of such men as Gerrit Smith, Samuel J.
May, Beriah Green, and others, became apparent, and patriotism burned
bright upon its rural altars. It is estimated that at least five
hundred men were recruited within the territory already designated.
The Town of Lenox paid $136,030 for town bounties, while Madison County
paid a total of $1,338,320 for bounties to recruits. Lenox paid for
support of families $3,786, distinct from Poor Fund; both for bounties
and for relief thus raised by tax, Lenox shows double that of any other
town in the county. And those figures do not by any means represent the
thousands of dollars voted at the recruiting meetings and subscribed
and donated for local bounties and for relief purposes.
Very pleasant to recall are the kind words spoken and written in those
trying times by noble-hearted men and women, as the boys went forth to
the war.
In August, 1862, a war fund was raised in Madison County. Hon. Gerrit
Smith, with his usual generosity, promptly sent in his check for
$5,000, and in his note which enclosed the same, he says--"I would that
the fund should not be regarded as a mercenary appeal to our
volunteers--but as a gift from loving neighbors toward helping them to
arrange their affairs that they can leave their homes more freely and
pleasantly. These volunteers and their neighbors constitute a
partnership sacred and sublime, and never to be broken."
Canastota was very active and like many other towns at the time, doing
unceasingly for the men in the field, for local relief and in support
of the good cause generally. It is doubtful if any locality in the
State, with the same population and a like assessment, can show a more
honorable record.
It should be noted that at least fifty per cent. of the men enlisted in
1862 were at the time beardless youths, the greater portion of whom
proved enduring soldiers. Those boys did not enlist for sake of
obtaining bounties. Enthusiasm was aroused in various ways--by speeches
at war-meetings, by martial music and by the newspapers. Everybody
talked war, the girls sang war songs, one boy enlisted and his chums
followed him. Very little cared those young fellows for bounties. The
county of Madison gave $50, and the State $50, bounties. One month's
pay in advance $13 and $2 bonus from the general government and $100 at
the expiration of the term of service (increased after the war to
$200). In the fall of 1864 the town of Lenox gave for bounties to
3-years men $1,100, the county $500 added to that, besides the State
and national bounties, and many of those men never were in a battle.
But the trials of war were not entirely with the boys at the front.
Dependent parents, wives and children felt the denials keenly; and when
news came that a battle had been fought and some of their boys had
fallen, the entire community was interested at once and freely
sympathized with sorrowing friends. And the firm belief that they were
thus cared for strengthened the boys wonderfully.
Of the eighty-seven men originally enrolled in Co. G, one-half of them
were between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years, and no doubt a
number of them several years below the minimum age of eighteen, fearing
rejectment, assumed to be older.
The fatalities of war among those volunteers are difficult to estimate.
Not a few were reported as "missing," who never returned. Many of the
sick and wounded lived to see their homes and soon after died.
During its term of service the company lost one captain and six
enlisted men killed in action, and one man accidentally shot, while
three died of disease. The man Asa Lawrence, missing at Chancellorsville,
is included among the killed, and according to all that has been learned,
he has never been heard from. One captain, three lieutenants and
twenty-four men, were wounded. Of the original enrollment sixteen were
discharged on account of sickness or wounds, five were discharged to
accept commissions and five were transferred to the Invalid corps. Nine
men deserted. Forty-two enlisted men returned with the regiment, others
not present were still borne on the rolls.
The company during its term received accessions of two substitutes, two
drafted men and twenty-four recruits. Of those, several were slightly
wounded and two died of disease.
The casualties in Co. G were not as many as in some of the companies of
the regiment. Co. C lost seven killed and more than forty wounded. Co.
I lost one officer and eight men killed and their captain and
twenty-nine men wounded.
It was understood at the time the authorization was issued that the
company was to be assigned to a regiment forming of Cortland and
Madison County men, with Philip P. Brown, Jr., of Hamilton, as colonel,
and to rendezvous at Hamilton. As rapidly as possible the enlistments
were pushed along and about two weeks from the time recruiting began,
the company was assured of its quota and took its name as Company G.
At Hamilton, the camp was established on the fair grounds north of the
village. For a time a large tent afforded shelter to the men, but its
capacity being insufficient, five barrack buildings were erected on the
west side of the enclosure, two companies in each building. Co. G
shared in the shelter of the most northerly barrack and in the west
section of the building, with Co. B, their neighbors, in the eastern
portion. Two tiers of bunks ranged along each side of the structure and
each bunk was occupied by two men; at the entrance was a room for
commissioned officers, most of whom preferred the softer beds in the
hotels of the village to the hard straw ticks of the camp.
As the recruits arrived in town they were taken to one of the public
halls, where surgeons Hendrick, Beebe and Crawe hammered their chests,
listened to their heartbeats and respiration, looked into the eyes of
the recruits, finally ordering them to jump over the floor on each leg
consecutively. During this ordeal the boys appeared in the uniform of
Nature only. Few failed to pass the Board, however, and the successful
ones then appeared before the adjutant. If a minor, a written consent
was required from the parent or guardian.
Accepted recruits were given orders upon the quartermaster and were
taken over to a warehouse near the canal and there received an outfit.
The dress coat of dark blue, also dark blue flannel blouse and pants,
overcoat, coarse gray shirts, canton flannel drawers, woolen socks,
shoes and blanket, not to forget the dark blue fatigue cap so heartily
disliked by the wearers. The civilian garb was shed at once and the
green soldier was revealed in the cut and fit of his new clothing of
war, while his back itched under those shirts as though numerous flies
and ants were perambulating there, with an occasioned nipping from a
stray spider. But how very, very verdant the boys appeared--so
harmless-like in their uniforms, and to add to the ludicrous feature of
the occasion very many of them hastened to a gallery to have their
appearance preserved for all time.
Knapsacks, haversacks and canteens, tin cups and plates, knives and
spoons, came to each in time. No guns were issued in Camp Mitchell;
guards about the camp carried guns borrowed from a local armory--no
cartridges were issued. A high board fence presented the most
discouraging barricade to such of the boys as desired a night outside.
It was amusing to observe the schemes for gaining liberty and to see
the boys return to duty after a day or two in the narrow quarters of
the guard house. They were not accustomed to such discipline; but they
were soon to learn that they had entered upon a new career.
Life in barracks was not tedious. During the day there were several
marching drills by squad, platoon and company, and in the evening dress
parade, and perhaps, a few attempts at battalion evolutions. Officers
in nearly every company were as green as the men. A few
short-enlistment men who had seen service and returned, and some who
had served in home companies, usually were the drill-masters. Col.
Brown had been captain of the Hamilton Grays; Major Carmichael for a
time served as captain in the 76th N.Y.; a few other officers had been
in the service.
Co. G were drilled by Sergeants Hemstreet and Gates, six months'
recruits to the 12th N.Y.V.; also by Frank Cooper afterwards a member
of the 78th N.Y. During drill hours "hay-foot, straw-foot!"--"heels
together, toes on a line, body erect resting on the toes,"--"forward,
march!" and "halt,"--the orders from drill-masters, were heard on all
sides; and over in one corner of the pen were the ten or more fifers
and drummers taking first lessons in martial music. The scene was
enough to make an old soldier weep from laughter, and yet it was not an
unusual one wherever raw troops were mustered.
The eating house at Camp Mitchell (so named in honor of David J.
Mitchell, a lawyer, at one time a resident of Hamilton) stood at the
east end of the enclosure, into which the men were marched by their
officers, three times daily to their meals. Good, wholesome fare was
provided and in abundance and would have been pronounced grand one year
later, could those boys have obtained it on Folly Island, in place of
wormy hardtack and tough salt-horse.
The sick at Hamilton were quartered in a small church near the grounds,
but Co. G were fortunate as to health while at the rendezvous. Many of
the boys enjoyed furloughs during those five or six weeks and their
friends visited them and were often permitted to pass the night at the
barracks. Amusements of various kinds broke the monotony of barrack
life--card playing, wrestling, quoits, various games and much rough
horse-play, continually in sight.
While there was so much life astir in Camp Mitchell, it must be
acknowledged that a few of the men were down-hearted, particularly
those about to leave wives and children; and who could blame them?
There were heavy hearts in the homes of those boys. One man when called
upon to give a written consent for his sons to enlist, remarked that he
felt as if he were signing their death-warrants. For there was a
terrible uncertainty for soldiers in those days and the much-quoted
silver lining of the heavy clouds overhanging our country, was yet to
be discovered in the future efforts of her loyal sons. Cripples and
sick men were returning from the front and occasionally somebody's
child was brought home for burial. The failure of the Peninsula
Campaign, followed by the disaster at Bull Run, were bad records,
scarcely effaced by the hard-earned victory at Antietam. And yet, amid
such desolation the American people of the North never ceased to give
of blood and treasure and the boys kept marching on, the matrons and
the maidens smiling and waving farewells with hearts and eyes
overflowing, the men and boys cheering, bands playing, fifes shrieking
and drums beating. The boys marched away, the hospitals filled, little
mounds dotted many a Southern field, the ranks thinned and the scene
was repeated again and again until victory came; and then it was time
to count the cost. Those who suffered were the ones to cast the
reckoning.
On the 19th of September, 1862, the regiment was mustered into the
service of the United States. The preliminary of scanning-over the men
was performed during a dreary rain storm, by regular army surgeons, the
men in line by company. Few were rejected and those for defects of eyes
or teeth, or for manifest feebleness. There was Ziba Cloyes of Co. G, a
man of sixty years, who had enlisted as being only forty-four, gray
hair and a general suspicion of advanced years about him. The surgeon
reached him in the line.
"What is your age, sir?"
"Forty-four."
The surgeon smiled. "Open your mouth."
Ziba obeyed, disclosing a full set of teeth such as would have
delighted many a dude. Then he brought them together with a sharp snap.
"Put your finger in there," he said, again opening his jaws to their
widest limit.
"You will do, sir," said the surgeon as he passed, with a broad grin,
to the next man.
After the examination came the formal muster-in by companies, and Co. G
were then an arm of the government and on the direct road to active
service. Orders thereafter emanated from officers of the general
government and the State was duly accredited. Co. G had saved Canastota
from a draft.
Sept. 25th, with their new rubber-cloth knapsacks, haversacks and
canteens, at an early hour, Co. G were mustered for the road. Teams had
been generously offered by the people far and near, gratuitously, and
on that morning to the number of more than one hundred blocked the
streets of the village, long before daybreak, in waiting to carry the
regiment to Canastota.
The loading was quite slow and consumed considerable time, but the day
was fine and the roads in excellent condition and the journey to
Peterboro was made without further delay. In that pleasant little
village the regiment left the wagons and marched into the park, where
tables were spread on the green and laden with good fare. While the
boys were eating, they were favored with a speech from Hon. Gerrit
Smith. He was seated upon a white horse. His deep, eloquent tones were
heard above the clatter of dishes. It was his wish that the boys be not
withheld from eating. Above his head waved the stars and stripes at
half-mast, in memory of Capt. Barnett, killed at Antietam--a Peterboro
boy. All that was saddening, all that was eloquent and nobly good in
the place, was not so appealing just then, as the feast before them;
the boys of Co. G were hungry. After the feast and the address of
welcome and God-speed, the wagons were again mounted.
The long train reached Canastota about 5 p.m. They were unloaded south
of the town and the men given their first experience with those
handsome new knapsacks, as they marched (bent forward like
pack-peddlers) through the village streets. It was their first
experience, also, in straggling--the head of the regiment led by the
Hamilton band, was approaching the Peterboro St. bridge as the rear of
the column passed into Center St., strung nearly around the square.
A platform had been built in a field north of the Crouse residence and
near the railroad. Prominent citizens of Cortland and Madison were on
the platform; Gen. Bruce was speaker. Guards were thrown around the
enclosure to keep the crowd outside, but not to exclude the relatives
and friends. Caresses and sobbing, tears and forced gaiety marked that
occasion. Little ones were there and the father fed himself with one
hand as he pressed his child to his breast with the other. Old age came
also, and parents trembling with years, tried to be brave as their part
in the war, if nothing more. Even the abundance of choice food supplied
for the men was hardly relished under the strain of parting; so the
women filled the haversacks, poured coffee into the canteens,
completing the whole with a hearty kiss and sent the boys on their way.
There were times, when the happiest soldier boy was he, who, when going
to war, left none at home to weep for him.
A train of emigrant cars received the regiment and at daybreak next
morning they reached Albany. A good breakfast was served in a building
near the depot. A portion of the regiment was taken over the ferry and
the remainder, including Co. G, marched to the executive mansion where
Gov. Morgan presented the stand of colors, D. J. Mitchell responding.
The boys will ever remember their ride down the rail along the Hudson.
At every station and in homes along the road, in the fields and on the
river, wherever men, women or children were seen, their handkerchiefs
and hats were waved to cheer the soldier boys. The boys in blue threw
kisses to the blushing girls, or upon brown paper or pieces cut from
lunch boxes, wrote and cast forth gentle words of appreciation. Really
it must have grown monotonous to those people, as soldiers were passing
nearly every day; if so, it was such a monotony as they appeared to
enjoy immensely. With some of the men of Co. G the situation was too
serious for trifling--they were leaving their Marias and Nancys and
Kates.
City Hall barracks, New York City--never forget them. The postoffice
building now covers that ground. Bunks floored with slats to sleep
upon, into which the many occupants had crawled, each time carrying in
from the floors a fresh supply of sand to fall into the eyes of the
fellows in the lower berths; the rooms ill-ventilated and odorous of
many stalwart smells. The food was unattractive and few of Co. G had
the hardihood to partake. Just one cheering feature of the situation,
was the hope ever constant, that their stay would be brief. They
stopped but one night and a day. As evening approached they were
marched down to a covered dock and remained there in the dark,
unlighted place, awaiting the arrival of a steamer to take them over to
Jersey.
Soon as darkness came on the men became very quiet as though the
bogie-man was abroad. By and by a clicking, cracking sort of noise came
out of the depths of darkness, soon followed by a smacking sound. Co. G
were eating cheese--the other companies were eating cheese.
"Commandants of companies will see that their men are kept together,"
roared the colonel.
The officers could not see very well in the dark. The men broke open no
more cheese boxes. They had spied the boxes through the gathering gloom
on their first arrival and simply waited patiently for darkness.
John Schultz, a German, and member of Co. G, had sat himself down on
the outer timber of the wharf and fell asleep. He had not removed his
knapsack. What his canteen contained is not known. He nodded awhile,
snored a little and suddenly disappeared. Some one raised the cry that
a man had fallen into the slip. A police boat picked old John out and
soon he returned, thoroughly wet and considerably sobered.
Near midnight a steamer reached the wharf and took the regiments away
to Port Monmouth, the northern terminus of the Delaware and Raritan Bay
R. R. Once more the raiding propensities of the boys were exhibited
upon a car-load of peaches on a siding, but they were promptly
restrained. The men were not thieves; they had somehow reached the
conclusion that a change in dress demanded a change in morals. They
knew there was some sort of transformation going on within them, as
without, and certainly they must act differently than when they were
plain civilians. Instead of being peaceful lambs at home, they must be
wolves and hunt in packs. But a few months of strict discipline set
them aright.
It was Sunday afternoon when the regiment reached Philadelphia, tired
and hungry. A lunch had been served on the train early in the day, but
that was only a "hand-out." At Philadelphia many thousands of men of
passing regiments, were fed at the Cooper's Union refreshment rooms. So
Co. G, though only one-tenth of a regiment, were favored with plenty of
clean water, soap and towels and then were served with a delicious meal
of good substantial food, served on a clean cloth, from earthen dishes,
"just like home," said the boys.
Philadelphia always treated the soldiers in the most generous style. A
sick or wounded man felt greatly favored to be sent to a Philadelphia
hospital.
After the regiment was fed, the march was taken for the Baltimore
depot, several miles distant. The walks were crowded with people. Such
cheering, waving handkerchiefs, tossing of kisses, helped mightily in
the struggle beneath those galling knapsacks. Some of the giddy girls
rushed up to the ranks and exchanged handkerchiefs bearing their names;
others tossed flowers among the boys, and "good-by," "God bless you,"
was heard, from the start to the finish.
The cars in waiting were ordinary cattle cars, in which rough board
seats were built. This was the first acquaintance the men had with such
sort of conveyance. For the officers, a coach was provided, but many of
them remained with their men.
In the recent war with Spain, coaches were provided for the men; and
for the sick, sleeping cars and dining cars, all of which was perfectly
right. Between Washington and any portion of the eastern and Middle
states, no soldier, during the War of the Rebellion, should have been
obliged to ride in a car built for cattle, particularly after the war
had progressed for over one year.
At Baltimore the namby-pamby feature of the excursion ceased, Enfield
rifles were dealt out to the companies, together with accoutrements,
the cartridge box, belts, etc. That seemed like war. No cartridges were
issued; those came on Arlington Hights.
The city of Baltimore had shown, to some extent, an inclination in
favor of secession. Many of its young men had gone to the Confederate
lines and a strong feeling against federal interference with secession
was very noticeable among a certain class of the citizens. Troops were
stationed there to preserve order.
The regiment was marched into an open street with guards stationed to
prevent the men from wandering about the city. Co. G remained strictly
passive within bounds and found no opportunity for doing otherwise.
They were exemplary fellows when under guard.
An unusual place for a dining hall was that at Baltimore--on an upper
floor near the depot. Very good food was supplied, particularly the
coffee.
Co. G were very fond of coffee; although at that early day it had not
become so necessary to those heroes in embryo as it was a few years
later. The experience of soldiers generally in that war, favored the
use of coffee. It was food as well as drink. When a fellow was nearly
fagged, on a severe march, the mention of coffee appeared to brace him,
and a hand would slip into the haversack for a pinch, only to tide him
along. A spoonful of coffee in a canteen of water lifted one
comfortably over many a weary mile. To abolish the whisky ration was
wise. To have taken away the coffee would have endangered the cause.
Coffee and the letters from home were two important auxiliary supports
of the nation. Those letters were a power. Nothing went just right when
the mail was delayed. Anticipation is a great word and the soldiers
worked it for all it is worth; on all the various grades of the psychic
thermometer from zero to fever heat. Ah, when fever heat was struck,
the indication was reliably certain that she had "gone back on" her
soldier lad.
Clean cattle cars were supplied at Philadelphia, but the sort in which
Co. G traveled from Baltimore to Washington were fragrant of stable
odors. The distance was little over forty miles, yet the entire night
was consumed. That scheme of traveling nights and loafing around half
dead during the daytime, was never explained. Some of the men had a
suspicion that Col. Brown was fearful that he might lose some of his
men if he changed cars in the night time, and so corralled them the
same as other stock. However that might have been, in his regiment the
most remarkable desertions were among the officers.
Co. G did not enlist to become deserters and the few of them who did
desert were scarcely missed; and a halo of glory which hung over the
heroic Co. G at the close of the war obscured, if it did not eliminate,
all weak points. Orators and newspapers accorded them glory, the
popular cry glorified them. Why not place the laurel crown right here?
September 30th was a beautiful day, but warm in Washington. Co. G
jumped down from their cattle cars and were marched to cattle barracks
near the capitol. There was plenty of space for camping, but no tents
had been issued to them. Those barracks terraced up the hill, resembled
barns, rough boarded and whitewashed. The lawmakers over in the huge
marble building nearby, reclined upon soft cushions. The sons of their
constituents, who had come down to settle a serious difference stirred
up in that building, were marched into foul-smelling barracks because
they were soldiers. It was too bad to treat American troops that way.
At those barracks the feeding place for soldiers at that time was
abominable in filth and mussiness. Coffee was served in what the boys
named swill-pails, with a coating of grease outside and inside. The
cooks and waiters bore hands and faces that lacked for soap and water.
Many a bold soldier boy, after a peep into the feeding room, retired to
a convenient refreshment saloon and bought his meals. As for Co. G,
they said little but thought much, resolving that a revelation should
appear as the years moved along, and even thus it is recorded, long
after those slip-shod cooks have ceased to slop, and longer since the
boys have any use for them. And now the vindictiveness of Co. G is
spent.
Unfortunately, before Co. G could be taken out of Washington some of
its members had filled themselves with poor liquor. The same fellows
had given trouble while en route from the North, and on various
occasions suspicious looking bottles were taken from them by the
officers and thrown from the train. More shame for Co. G, who were not
fighting under the banner of King Alcohol.
In the middle of the day column was formed and the boys marched out on
Pennsylvania Avenue. Numbers of small boys flanked the line bargaining
for the task of carrying knapsacks--carts were there for the same
purpose and a brisk bargaining ensued. It was indeed a comfortable way
to carry a knapsack--transferred to a cart or to the back of a negro
boy. Thus disburdened, marching was easier. The air was hot, the roads
very dusty. Across Long Bridge they went, past Forts Runion and Albany,
to an old camp known as Camp Chase, nearly one mile in rear of the Lee
mansion, on Arlington Hights. Old A tents were there, pitched and
ready for occupation, true, not as clean as desirable, but a shelter
which a little labor of dusting and arranging greatly improved.
Routine is the term expressive of life in camp. The soldier of
experience is a stranger to monotony--he is part of a machine. All the
comforts and amusements he can get outside of the routine life, are
luxuries to be dissipated at a word of command.
Co. G dropped into the routine of camp life with good grace. They threw
down brush upon the sacred soil of Virginia, they filled their ticks
with dried grass, then spreading their blankets, composed themselves
for the sleep of innocence, their knapsacks as pillows affording
support to the shoulders galled in carrying them. Oh, those knapsacks.
Sleep on, brave; bulge out knapsack, you are to be reconciled shortly.
Suddenly their dreams were broken--the day had dawned. From near and
far came the bugle blast and the rattle of fife and drum. Hungry mules
took up the refrain in varying keys. The boys of G soon heard the voice
of Orderly Moore, "Co. G, fall in for roll-call!"
Drilling with the guns was for the first time attempted at Camp Chase
and sergeants with tactics in hand, were drilling squads of men in all
directions. A few lessons were given in the manual of arms by an
officer of the regular army. As for Co. G, they forged ahead slowly,
gradually cultivating a liking for a gun and accoutrements. They were
drilled in squads, company and battalion evolutions, and rushed in this
and that direction for health's sake.
The innocent verdancy of the sons of Lenox was alike typical of all the
companies. Officers made clumsy work with tactics and the colonel
worked out his battalion evolutions quite gingerly. One day the
regiment was marched nearly a half mile with arms at a shoulder,
whereas they should have moved en route with arms at right
shoulder-shift--a much more comfortable position.
The captain of Co. G at this time, was an emphatic, sharp spoken man,
and sometimes his orders came red-hot and snapping. In one of the other
companies the captain addressed his men as gentlemen,--"Gentlemen,
attention to roll-call!" or, "Gentlemen, right dress, if you please!"
Captain Beck, good man, had fitted himself, originally, for hotel
keeping. Capt. Tuttle was a farmer. Beck's ways were very pleasant, but
Tuttle's language and style were preferable even if he did embellish
his orders occasionally, and surely he felt often provoked. For some
men are always lagging behind, others never learn to handle a gun
properly, and occasionally a man is found who never keeps step.
There were a few officers in the regiment who really used swear-words.
Co. G was composed of a sterling set of mortals who knew very well that
swearing was barred by Army Regulations, and Co. G knew better than to
swear at an officer; yet, to swallow such bad treatment without mental
comment, equally pungent, would have been unlike some of those sorely
tried warriors.
But all this time Co. G men were bracing themselves for all
emergencies. Physically, they were pretty hearty. They were learning to
wash their clothing and sew on buttons and do a little patching, but
they, as a rule were not supplied with Scriptural reading. So it came
to pass that Gerrit Smith sent down bushels of small testaments to be
distributed throughout the regiment as an inducement to the men to read
the Scriptures. Into those beautiful knapsacks went Co. G's testaments.
Alas, and alack, they were too generally allowed to remain there. A
number of the boys could not read if they would, and more did not read,
as they should. No evidence is at hand to prove that a man of Co. G
ever caught a bullet in the testament carried in his pocket; and as
they scorned to turn their backs to an enemy those testaments escaped a
glorious perforation.
While on this subject a record should be made of the good people at
home who were continually writing loving letters into which was
lavishly insinuated a peculiar style of sermonizing, which though
kindly intended and respectfully accepted, really did not accomplish
much. They declared that the armies of the North were fighting God's
battles; that the Lord would reward them. Over the rebel lines just
such ideas were being instilled into the minds of Southrons. But Co. G,
so wise were they, as not to charge the Heavenly Father of All with any
denials that came to them. If they reasoned at all they understood,
that, both North and South, it was the negro up the sleeve, or in the
fence, that was causing all their misery. Indeed Co. G were more
fighters than philosophers.
The donations of Hon. Gerrit Smith did not cease after sending the
testaments. He also gave $500 to be used for the purpose of supplying
the men of the regiment with stationery; a very thoughtful gift.
While at Camp Chase the troops were reviewed by Gen. Casey, when Co. G
passed in review very satisfactory, to themselves; if the boys were not
praised by others at this period in their history they could not very
well understand the reason. They were not so green looking now, as they
were getting sunburned and all of the same shade. The water of Virginia
was not agreeing with all of them, but they were quite lively. Army
rations, particularly the bean and hominy, were gradually accepted as
the proper food for warriors, and the company had some hearty feeders.
The locality known to Co. G as Camp Chase No. 1, was occupied about one
week, when sanitary rules demanded a removal to fresh ground.
Accordingly a site was selected in a field of scrub oak, which was
cleared and the stumps grubbed from company streets. Such duty was
called fatigue duty. Police duty, was the everyday work of policing the
streets--cleaning up the camp. This duty was usually allotted to
offenders, as a mild punishment, with the occasional addition of a
chain fastened to a fellow's ankle to which was attached a small cannon
ball. It must be recorded that Co. G had a representative in the police
gang at Camp Chase No. 2, who was wearing the ball and chain because of
repeated disobedience. He was the first and the last of that noble band
to thus disgrace the company.
At the new camp, excellent water was found. Fresh sweet soil made
wholesome tent floors. As the camp was quite near the Lee mansion
frequent strolls were enjoyed through the grounds and through the
building. And for the first time, while encamped there, cartridges were
issued and each man when equipped was carrying forty rounds. Soon after
that event came a sensation that tried the mettle of Co. G.
At two o'clock one dark morning the long-roll was sounded throughout
the entire line. Starting a mile away, it came nearer and nearer, from
camp to camp, until the band of the 157th struck up their drums.
Buglers and drums, shouting officers and orderly sergeants startled the
heroes into their respective company streets. Nor were the mules
silent, mistaking the racket for an early reveille and call to feed.
When the battalion was formed, the object of the alarm was met, and
orders came promptly, to return the men to their quarters. That sort of
drill occurred twice while the boys remained on Arlington Hights. The
first time was frightful and some of the men were terribly shocked. But
the second time they came forth promptly and becomingly. One year later
the long-roll found them ready for anything, every pulse beating
regularly and they were as calm as if on parade; for by that time they
had become prime food for bullets.
Finally orders arrived to prepare for a march. The quartermaster had
received his wagons and teams and among other accessions a sutler had
located his tent near the camp, and was working up quite a trade in
ginger snaps and green gingerbread.
Reveille sounded at 3 o'clock on the morning of October 12th. Tents
were struck and with one day's cooked rations Co. G fell into line.
About 7 o'clock the regiment started for Fairfax Court House, a
distance of fifteen miles. Four hours consumed in striking tents,
eating and getting away, was pretty easy soldiering; but they were
learning a little all the time, those boys.
The road from Long Bridge to Fairfax had always been a long one for new
regiments, and to Co. G, particularly so, on this march. Fifteen miles
is not a great march for veterans. But heavy knapsacks, cartridge-boxes,
haversacks and canteens and the rifle and bayonet, made quite a load
for new troops. Co. G started forth boldly in the misty rain and made
their first acquaintance with the slippery Virginia mud. All went well
for a few miles and then the column began to lengthen. Apparently the
faster the colonel led the head, the slower moved the foot of the
regiment, and when he reached Fairfax with the colors and a handful
of men, the rear was but half way there. Brave Co. G, not to be
out-straggled by the others, spread over as much of the country as
possible, and when they drew near the town, Gen. Sigel was at the
picket line to receive them. So interesting an occasion and one so
novel was rare even in those days. The captain of Co. G, was at the
camping place to receive them as they dragged in and reported
themselves. And he spoke to them, cheerily, "Hurry now, and get the
blank-blinkety-blank tents up. You have done blankety-blink well
to-day, boys." Co. G knew all that and accepted the compliment. Stoical
chaps, with aching shoulders.
One, and perhaps the greatest impediment to rapid marching that day,
were the heavy knapsacks, although the cartridges, rations and canteens
of water, weighed upon the shoulders of the boys with no kind results.
But the knapsacks, crammed with necessary clothing, books, toilet
articles, whetstones, hatchets, and much other stuff, three-fourths of
which was dispensable, bore heaviest of all. All new regiments were
similarly afflicted. Experience, however, taught in the army as at
home.
Col. Brown, it is meet to record, was thoroughly disgusted with this
first march of his men on a complete war-footing. Yet he was blameable.
He should have known that forty pounds of regulation outfit was a full
load, and that thirty pounds of additional weight in albums, revolvers
and gim-cracks handicapped his heroes on the road. Even without
sacrificing those stores of novelties, if the colonel had moved slowly,
halting frequently and resting his men, he would have saved himself
great humiliation. But he was getting schooled, learning something that
he had overlooked or forgotten, at every public exhibition of his
knowledge. He had called the men at Hamilton "my soldiers." One bright
lad remarked "If he is our father, who in Hamilton is our mother?" He
was indeed a fatherly sort of a man in some ways. As to their
regimental mother, she never addressed her children, but was ever ready
to enfold them within her bosom, and before three years had gone by,
they became well acquainted with Mother Earth.
For some reason it was always harder on the boys marching under Col.
Brown. Quite a contrast were Lt. Col. Arrowsmith and Major Carmichael,
who were no less prompt than Brown; but they appeared to understand the
men better. They realized that the short legged men were on the extreme
left of the companies. That the tall men led the companies, and
consequently unless all took the same length of step the line soon
began to draw out; as on the historic march just mentioned.
The exercises at Fairfax resembled the ordinary routine, varied with
exercises in firing blank cartridges. Men were here detailed for the
first time for duty on outposts. A picket was stationed not far from
the camp, who were given strict orders. With loaded pieces they stood
post, rain or fair, in continual expectation of the arrival of the
entire rebel army. No rebels appeared. Gen. Lee held no special grudge
against Co. G.
While no rebels attacked Co. G at Fairfax there was another sort of
gray-back came into camp. The colder weather of autumn and the dismal
rains came on, adding greatly to the usual discomforts of tent life.
Men began to sicken, others were homesick and consequently careless of
their persons. Of course Co. G boys were mortified when the first
specimens appeared and such a boiling of underwear as followed, checked
the increase of the pest. The pediculus is in question.
Co. G were now being represented in the hospital. Sergeant Jarvis kept
around as long as he was able, showing wonderful nerve, but finally was
obliged to leave the company and never returned; being discharged, he
was taken home by friends where with good nursing he recovered. In
November, J. M. Ainsworth died in hospital at Washington, and Alfred
Wilder died in hospital at Fairfax. Orderly Sergeant Moore was taken
sick and left the company permanently.
So much sickness in the regiment suggested the need of better quarters
and camp was changed. The men were ordered to build fire places and
chimneys. An old building was sacrificed to supply bricks as well as
lumber to use for flooring.
Fairfax was noted for many incidents worthy of note. Singular it was
that so many of the boys cut their hands when procuring wood. In a few
instances the forefinger of the right hand suffered. The surgeons
became suspicious, after a while, for those accidents in most cases,
appeared to be of an intentional character. The mania was not popular,
the victims were not discharged. But ever after, such men were spoken
of as those who were wounded at Fairfax. Co. G frowned upon such tricks
so effectually that only one or two of its members caught the mania.
While at this camp the regiment was assigned to the 11th Corps under
Gen. Franz Sigel, in the first brigade of the third division. Gen. Carl
Schurz commanded the division and Gen. Alex. Schimmelpfennig, the
brigade.
The 11th Corps was reviewed by Secretary Chase, at Fairfax, when Co. G
marched proudly forth with expanded chests and flashing eyes to the
brazen notes of "Hail to the Chief;" every one of them being a chief on
his own mountain, he appeared to receive the music as a personal
compliment; but after hearing it a few hundred times, later on, they
leaned more fondly to "The Girl I Left Behind Me."
The 11th Army Corps was termed a German corps while in truth at least
three-fifths of them were born in this country, and Poles, Hungarians,
Scandinavians and Italians were to be found in the eleven so-called
German regiments. Sigel had been praised for his good work at the
Second Bull Run fight, and unfortunately being a German officer
prejudice was aroused against him, and of course the corps commanded by
him were considered "Dutch." It was a bad day for the North when Sigel
was removed from that corps of willing fighters.
In Schimmelpfennig's brigade were the 74th Penna., 61st Ohio, 68th
N.Y., 157th N.Y., and 82nd Ill., regiments, the last two new regiments.
Sigel, Schurz, "Schimmel" and Col. Hecker of the 82d Ill. had all seen
service in Germany and Hecker was one of the leading revolutionists
there in 1848, in fact Hecker, Sigel and Schurz fled for refuge to
America. Especially did Co. G feel honored to be placed in the division
led by Carl Schurz, the patriot, statesman, gentleman and soldier. And
so the brave Co. G were to go "marching on" with the "Dutch," but
unfortunately never to fight "mit Sigel." They shared in the dangers of
the 11th Corps. They shared in the severely unjust criticism the corps
received.
The absence of ready means for trading purposes was beginning to be
felt in Co. G. Now and then a fellow could produce a little money and
was content. As the boys saw their money disappear into the sutler's
till, they were said to then have bought pocket-books--as their cash
was disappearing they began to save, like true soldiers; and when the
last dollar was gone they regretted their foolishness, like all the
world. They were at school and in the freshman year; shortly, the
sutlers will have a story to tell.
Money of the war was greenbacks and postal currency in fractional parts
of a dollar. As soon as the war began the speculators hoarded the
silver and the people were soon obliged to use the bills of state
banks, and shin-plasters issued for fifty, twenty-five and ten cents,
by merchants and others, redeemable at their places of business.
Ordinary postage stamps were circulating in small amounts enclosed in
diminutive envelopes and passed around as change. So when Co. G went to
the front such of the boys as had bills on state banks, found them
useless. And the tormenting postage stamps were often found stuck
together from the perspiration of one's body. Although mustered for pay
Co. G had not yet seen a paymaster. So they drew on funds at home, if
they had any, and in traffic received the beautiful new 50s, 25s, 10s,
5s and 3-cent paper currency; an event worthy of remark. The greenback
came out late in 1861, and McClellan's men and others received them who
previously were paid in gold.
A sad accident occurred while the company was at Fairfax. It was on a
pleasant day, October 30th. The boys were at platoon drill when they
were interrupted and returned to camp. One of their comrades had been
shot. His name was Henry Richardson, who being detailed on fatigue duty
was at work arranging for a hospital tent. A detail from the 26th
Wisconsin regiment returning from picket duty, had discharged their
guns into an embankment a half mile distant and in line with the 157th.
A stray ball went over the bank and struck Richardson on the side of
the head, killing him instantly. There was not a great deal of mirth in
camp the evening following the accident. And when the bright moon came
up, a line was quietly formed and followed the ambulance down the road
to the picket line, the fifes and muffled drums playing the march for
the dead. Members of the regiment had subscribed money and the body was
taken to Washington by Sergeants Hemstreet and Gates, there embalmed
and forwarded to Canastota. And for a long time, the deep shadows of
the oaks, the white cover of the ambulance and slow stepping body of
men who marched to the solemn music, was an impressive scene and one
seldom commented upon. In the language of one of the boys, "It was bad
enough to be shot at by rebels," without additional risks from the
rifles of their friends.
In the latter part of October orders came to pack up the superfluous
clothing, which included of course albums, quarto dictionaries, library
books of all kinds, hardware, etc., already toted so far in the
knapsacks. The object was not so much to lighten the loads of the men
as to increase their speed. Gen. Sigel had not forgotten that memorable
march from Arlington in which Co. G succeeded so well in lagging
behind. And so it happened that a cart load of boxes filled with the
surplus wardrobes and toilet articles and bric-a-brac of Co. G, were
stored somewhere in Fairfax and to be left there as prey for looters.
The first day of November marching orders came and the boys took the
road for Centerville. At one of the first resting places the knapsacks
began to drop and in their place the popular blanket roll was hung over
the right shoulder, thus supplying a nice pad for the rifle to rest
upon while marching. The same scene of disburdening occurred at every
halt, until the men were reduced to easy marching order, and at every
halt the ground was littered with the goods. Germans following who were
better fitted for the task, loaded themselves like pack horses; and
what the Germans did not take was culled over by the teamsters. What
cared Co. G, their shoulders were now relieved.
The first day's march was through Centerville and down the hill to Bull
Run, encamping near Stone Bridge, a locality noted for the scene of
slaughter there but a few months previous. Coffee was boiled in turbid
water from the stream and the boys bivouaced under the stars. The boys
of Co. G thought hard and rapid that night as they gathered like frogs
along the margin of the stream and bathed the pouching blisters which
adorned their heels. No matter what they thought of other matters, the
men of G were never known to lack in respect for one of those old army
blisters; and the more the blisters smarted, the more they were
respected.
Co. G were tired and even the snorers of the company were quiet. There
was Jerome Forbes a capital snorer; he was soon promoted to a
lieutenancy and probably then gave up snoring. And Hub Suits who bunked
with Jerome, was an excellent second. But they all slept quietly that
night for those fields were reminders of serious conflict. Around them
lay a good-sized army, victims of two great battles: lay as fallen
soldiers are buried on the battlefield, in shallow trenches or above
the ground with a thin cover of earth over them; their fleshless
skeletons protruding to mock the so-called glory in war. And only the
stars looked down compassionately. Those sleeping forms of the living
also were offerings, and of the 157th, every ninth man was to be lain
on the nation's altar before the close of the war. Still they slept on,
perhaps dreaming of home, of mothers, wives, babes. What a miserable
trade is war?
It was on that terrible field the chaplain of the regiment received the
acceptance of his resignation. He was a good man,--had served the
gospel but little to the men. He declared later, that he was
discouraged. He never did any harm, if he did no good. Co. G were very
sorry to lose the chaplain, for they felt the dignity of the regiment
was well guarded so long as a man of peace was with them. No, no, Co. G
had done nothing to discourage the chaplain; possibly he was shocked by
those long-rolls on Arlington Hights.--But the bugle sounds the
reveille.
"It appears to me people are in the habit of rising early in this part
of the country," remarked Doc White, as he gazed upward into the
constellated arch.
"Yes," spoke John Miller, "and I must carry that grist to mill to-day."
"You'll carry it on your back, Miller," called out another, in memory
of a knapsack.
"Co. G, fall in for roll-call!" sang out the orderly sergeant.
The line of march this day lay toward Thoroughfare Gap. Not far from
Hay Market the column halted and were drawn up in double-column on the
center.
"Attention-n-n!" yelled Col. Brown. "My men, the enemy are supposed to
be near. They have been seen to-day. You may shortly be called into
action and I expect every man to do his duty. Remember, the eyes of
Cortland and Madison counties are upon you. Attention! By division,
right wheel! For-w-a-r-d, March!"
Off into a field and skirting the woods, moved Co. G. Another wheel and
to the left, and the advance began. They moved briskly and steadily
along, until one of those narrow wash-outs peculiar to Virginia soil,
yawned fully four feet in width before them. Over went the divisions
like sheep, the major in the lead, for alas, the horse ridden by the
colonel--the old cow--refused to take the ditch. Fortunately the eyes
of Madison county were not present at the circus which followed. Thump!
thump! went the colonel's heels against the ribs of the cow; then he
whirled and dashed at the obstacle again. All the time Co. G were on a
still hunt for wandering rebels. And when the colonel, by making a wide
detour, succeeded in overtaking his men, they were well across the
field and had not bagged a single johnny. The company generously shared
their disappointment with Colonel Brown, just the same as though he had
kept his place with the column. The colonel had been foiled--and that,
his first Virginia ditch. In fact that was not a day really rich with
glory for Madison and Cortland counties.
As the field manoeuvre was over, the column again took the road--it was
doubtful if there was a force of rebels within twenty-five miles.
Toward night Thoroughfare Gap (an opening through the Bull Run
mountains) was reached and Co. G bivouaced in the oak woods with an
abundance of leaves for bedding. Two nights they slept on the ground
without tents--no great hardship in good weather; but the second day at
the Gap the shelter or dog-tents arrived; the day following they were
pitched, after a fashion.
While at the Gap the entire division of Gen. Schurz appeared to have
run wild. Every house, the fields, all property was exposed to the
looting soldiers, who were well supplied with government rations but
craved chickens, fresh mutton and tender beef, honey, home-made bread,
jams, and jellies. The camp of the 157th resembled a market. Cattle and
sheep were lowing and bleating in pens, fowls were plenty and dressed
carcasses, hams and many other articles and things hung from the trees.
Guns were popping and stray bullets flying, for the brave boys had
discovered the presence of the saw-back hog, a species common in the
South, usually running at large. They had first met him on the road
while marching in, when the big saw-back with long snout to the ground
claimed the middle of the road, and got it too; going down from the
head of the regiment to the rear, the ranks opening graciously to allow
him to pass. And he minded little the bayonet jabs pushed at him as he
sped as only his family can run. But many a saw-back fell that day, of
all ages, from roaster to patriarch.
After some hours of such ill-becoming looting, strict orders were
issued and guards thrown out about the camps. A few hours later the
doctors were busy with sick men who had gorged on honey and fresh pork.
Thoroughfare Gap witnessed several contests during the war and many
times the cavalry, either of yanks or johnnies, saw each other's heels
flying through that winding defile with warm spurs. And the place was
remembered ever after in the annals of Co. G, as the camp where much
property was stolen and also the locality where Dan Brockway left his
little leather-covered trunk.
Dan was formerly a peddler of various kinds of flavoring extracts, ink
and bluing. For some funny reason he carried a stock of his essences
with him into the army; a strange freak indeed. He had lugged that
package thus far, patiently bearing the compliments of officers and men
as they urged him to keep in place. He was one of the smallest men in
the company, but it took one of the largest and the strongest to land
him on his back at square-hold. Brock was always good natured and
always busy.
The day came for another moving and the captain said in a firm, but
pleasant, way,
"Brock, you must get rid of that blinkity-blim box of yours. Do you
understand me?"
Brock understood, as when the captain spoke that way he was in earnest.
So the box of beautiful extracts, cinnamon, peppermint and the rest,
was left at a house near the gap and is there still, perhaps, for Co. G
never saw it again.
The 11th Corps had been thrown forward to guard the supplies for
McClellan's army then on the march from Harper's Ferry. Large
quantities of stores came up and were in waiting for the advancing
columns, and as soon as the Army of the Potomac had gone into camp near
Warrenton the 11th Corps was moved to New Baltimore.
Orders for marching came Nov. 7th, a chilly, cloudy day. Before the
march of twelve or fourteen miles was half concluded, snow began to
fall and Co. G pitched their tents at New Baltimore, in a brisk snow
storm, and in a cornfield. Corn stalks were plenty and served for
tent-flooring. It was a blundering piece of work, ordering men to camp
in a muddy cornfield while a few rods distant was a desirable rise of
ground, to which they were removed within a few days. The 157th had
many experiences among corn stubble, until the boys came to counting
upon such a bivouac as sure whenever one was found conveniently at
hand. Blame was unjustly attached to Col. Brown for those cornfield
camps.
The continued bad weather caused much sickness among new troops, and
consequently the army was weakened. McClellan advised going into winter
quarters, but the Northern press howled, "On to Richmond!" and the
administration removed McClellan and placed Burnside at the head of the
army.
The troops were drawn up to bid farewell to Little Mac. His progress
could have been traced by the cheering of the men. McClellan was
popular with the rank and file of the Potomac army. Had his advice been
taken and a vigorous campaign opened in the spring, thousands of brave
men might not have fallen in vain, with other thousands of sick
besides, not to mention the heavy losses in stores and equipments.
Those campaigns conducted to gratify a clamoring press were not popular
after Gen. Grant took command of the Army of the Potomac. As soon as
Gen. Burnside was well established in his new command he began his move
on Fredericksburg.
At New Baltimore the regiment was for the first time joined by the
lieutenant colonel, Geo. Arrowsmith. Col. Arrowsmith had seen
considerable service and when the regiment was organized his name was
pressed for the colonelcy over his former tutor, Brown. The appearance
of the lieutenant colonel was pleasing. He was a tall, strongly-built
man, his face was pleasant and his voice was clear and strong. The men
enjoyed being under his command, because there was an air of confidence
about him not possessed by the inexperienced officers. There was no
hesitation when Arrowsmith gave an order, for he gave none new to the
men without first explaining and making it clear. At Fairfax, Brown had
captains and even sergeants attempt to evolute the battalion, while he
kept one hand on the machine that it might not blow up. But Arrowsmith
had none of that nonsense, and for some reason it ceased soon after he
came.
November, 1862, was very trying for the people at home as well as the
soldiers in the field. The election of Horatio Seymour as governor,
encouraged the Peace Party. At the front was Burnside surrounded by
officers and men antagonistic to him, who growled at his appointment
and criticized his every move. The malcontents among the corps
commanders favored McClellan and if not he, they wished to have some
one beside Burnside, who was a good man, and all he lacked to make his
plan successful, was hearty co-operation among his subordinates.
As already stated the men were growing more sickly. The hospitals were
filled and many were ailing in their tents. Co. G, amid all the misery
and the growling and incipient disloyalty, remained steadfastly loyal.
Its heroes marched up and took their quinine, or they marched away to
picket-duty. But they were being thinned out and details came heavier
and heavier upon those who remained well. The principal malady was
dysentery, which weakened the men quickly, but being of a mild type in
most cases, there were few fatalities.
The return was begun Nov. 17th over soft roads, slippery with mud, made
worse by the rain which began to fall about noontime. After dark the
men bivouaced in a field of corn-stubble, rain falling and small
rivulets running down between the rows. The boys were served with
boiled potatoes, warm from the kettle and graced and blessed by Billy
Mallows, the cook, who growled and snarled while he cooked, until the
very potatoes rolled their eyes at him. Thankful was he that night that
he was soon to leave the emblazoned service, as he soon after did to
give place to one of the best company cooks in the regiment.
At this cornfield camp near Gainesville, a whisky ration was served to
the men. They had fixed their bayonets and driven them into the ground,
strapping a third gun across for a ridgepole on which to lay their
tents; then spreading a rubber blanket on the wet ground they made
their beds for the night; a bad arrangement in case of alarm and
against orders, but they could do no better in the dark.
So the heroes turned-in, their heads on one corn row and their feet
over another, their bodies sort of zigzagged-like, in the form of a
letter Z. There they lay dreaming while the rills of muddy water
coursed under them, poor Co. G, until aroused by reveille. Then they
turned out, stiff and uncomfortable, but otherwise not in bad shape.
Col. Brown was very temperate, and whiskey was never issued unless the
occasion was urgent, and this was one of those occasions and the first
one--no doubt it was timely.
Marching was difficult on the route to Centerville, Nov. 18th, and led
over another portion of the Bull Run battlefield some distance from
Stone Bridge. For a long way the ground was littered with relics, and
then Brock proceeded to load himself down with bullets, grape shot,
etc., in spite of the remonstrances of the officers, carrying into camp
twenty or thirty pounds of lead and iron. He was thinking of the money
in such pickings. For a long time after, he amused himself whittling
the bullets into axes, hatchets or hammers duly handled in red cedar,
which he sold when possible as souvenirs to be sent home by mail. For
Brock had a family and in any way he could earn a penny, was sure to
make the most of his opportunities, sending the money home. And he was
temperate as he was saving.
Camp at Centerville was made on the bleakest part of the hill near the
little hamlet; not far from where, the preceding winter, the enemy had
built large-sized barracks. Those rebel huts were torn down and the
wood used to construct shanties for the newcomers. Winter set in and
the cold winds whistled across the bleak hill most wickedly.
Reasons for army movements sometimes are based on pure assumption. And
such reasoning may have worked out a plan by which the 11th Corps must
remain at Centerville; but a hill should have been selected broad
enough to receive the entire corps, headquarters and all. Such
disposition of the troops might have been made as to place them nearer
wood and water, and so reduce exposures and lessen such large
attendance at surgeons' call. While commissioned officers must not find
fault, they must obey offensive orders emanating from superiors.
Occasionally there is a little discretionary power allowed an officer.
When the vacant huts were apportioned to the men one came to the share
of Co. G. Then it happened that the men of another regiment undertook
to appropriate Co. G's share. Down came Capt. Tuttle loaded for large
game, and the Captain of the strange men was there also. The interview
between the captains was short and very emphatic, resulting in G
securing the timber. On another similar occasion on the Gettysburg
march, when the regiment went into bivouac they were told to
appropriate all the rails in their immediate front. Shortly appeared a
mob from another regiment who were bent upon carrying away those
particular rails. The intruders were scarcely at work when Col.
Arrowsmith rode among them revolver in hand. The 157th boys gathered
their rails at leisure. The boys felt that it was good to have their
officers interested in the comfort of the men.
There were a few of the companies in the regiment very much neglected
that first winter out. The men were good material and in time became as
good soldiers as any in the command. The first lieutenant of one of
those companies insisted that his captain was dead and should be so
informed. But the captain did not believe it, and proved the contrary,
when he showed enough life in him to resign and go home.
Near the camp at Centerville resided a shoe-maker, Pettit, by name, and
his wife and three grown daughters. A houseguard of one man from Co. G
was stationed there to protect the premises from looters. The family
treated the guard kindly and also admitted a number of sick boys who
rapidly regained their health as soon as removed from the exposures of
camp.
There were but one or two attempts at drilling while at Centerville and
then under advice of the doctors as for physical exercise. One day the
troops were marched to Chantilly and exercised in a mock battle.
Just as soon as Burnside was well set down in front of Fredericksburg
he wanted the 11th Corps and of course, Co. G. Then came a tedious
march.
December 10th, after a tramp through snow and mud a distance of five
miles, the troops bivouaced at Poorhouse Station. The night was cold. A
canteen of water placed under one man's head was found frozen nearly
solid in the morning.
Next day's march was eight or ten miles across Wolf Run Shoals Co. G
going into bivouac in a dense pine thicket on the hights beyond. No
tents were raised, some pine boughs were thrown upon the frozen ground
and with feet to a cozy fire the boys slept the sleep of the weary.
The marching on the 12th was very bad. The weather had moderated and
the bottom fell out of the roads. That mud of Virginia is peculiarly
tenacious and quite frequently a fellow's shoe was pulled from his
foot. Before Dumfries was reached misty rain was falling, which soon
rendered the roads in some places impassable for heavy wagons or
artillery. So it was necessary to call a halt until the wagon train was
brought in, and men were detailed to pull with the mules whenever
necessary.
Two nights at Dumfries rested Co. G and the boys started onward to the
aid of Burnside's men, whose cannon were distinctly heard fifteen or
twenty miles away. The corps reached Falmouth the day following the
departure from Dumfries, or Dec. 15th.
The 11th Corps was promptly prepared to be ready for crossing the
Rappahannock next morning. Guns were cleaned and arms and ammunition
inspected and the loyal G expected to be ordered into action.
Fortunately for them and for humanity generally Burnside decided that
enough brave men had been sacrificed. There was a report that Sigel had
passed condemnation upon the hopeless plan of that battle. Certainly
history has done so time and again. The ifs and other remote
contingencies did not warrant such a terrible sacrifice. The certainty
of failure was apparent after the first day's fighting. The only hope
was in flanking Lee, which failed.
To hold their own was too easy for the rebels. An artillery sergeant
told the writer, that the section to which he belonged bore directly
upon the flank of the union troops, as they charged Marye's Hights,
and he pitied the brave fellows who again and again charged forward
only to be swept away.
"Sir, I was sickened at the sight," said the rebel sergeant, "I dreaded
to see them moving up without the slightest chance of success. The
ground in range of our guns was covered with slaughtered men."
It was just as well for Co. G that the needs of the nation did not call
them to charge those deadly hights. They were after glory but
preferred it not quite so hot, and even had they won a fair installment
of glory it would have been denied them. Seldom is that battle
mentioned now. Great stories are told of Pickett's charge at
Gettysburg, however, almost as famous and as hopeless as that of the
six hundred at Balaklava--all brave men but needlessly slaughtered. Why
should not Burnside's men at Fredericksburg be remembered with equal
pride?
Men may decorate themselves with all the glitter of rank and strut with
dignity through street and camp, and yet fail to prove themselves
worthy of a command in time of great need. But the subordinate and the
private soldier has but one way of showing his importance--strict
obedience to orders from those above him, no matter whether the officer
be a man or a manikin.
Co. G enlisted to do, or to die trying. They read newspapers and knew
that Gen. Patterson failed to support McDowell at Bull Run; and the
sacrifice of Col. Baker at Ball's Bluff by the neglect of Gen. Stone;
the neglect of Sumner to support Heintzelman at Williamsburg; and that
Fitz John Porter failed to succor Pope at the second battle of Bull
Run. Co. G understood a number of things, and they gazed upon big
general officers with awe. They had narrowly escaped the slaughter, but
shared in the humiliation of the hour; feeling more comfortable,
however, than did Gen. Burnside, who knew that the blunders were not
all his own. Co. G were ready to support Burnside, to a man.
On the 17th of December the 11th Corps turned back from the Rappahannock
and camped near Stafford Court House, traveling in a brisk snow storm
over very soft roads. On the 18th they moved to a fine piece of timber
some distance from Stafford and proceeded to build a permanent camp.
Other troops occupied the ground before Co. G came, and had begun the
work of laying up log huts.
In a few days the camp was quite habitable--with shelter tents for
roofs, stone for fire-places and chimneys, laid in mud, with an
occasional topping off with barrels. Co. G terraced the sloping ground
where they made their beds, and were careful to keep their heads level.
They cut the boughs of red cedar and laid them deep above the damp
earth. The fire-places smoked inside as well as out, by the use of
green oak for fuel, and the little dwellings, in fact, were
considerably tainted thereby with an odor akin to that of soap-boiling,
an abiding fragrance; and the eyes of the heroes were moist with tears
while the oak was frying. Very wrong indeed it was, to throw blank
cartridges down a fellow's chimney; and such capers were cut up in some
of the companies, but not in G, who were dignified. The honor of Lenox
rested, the easterly portion upon the shoulders of Co. B, with Co. G at
the other end, and they carried it from their homes to the depths of
Florida, and brought it back untarnished; unless critics wish to bring
up chickens and such--but chickens do not count in affairs of honor.
For the first time since leaving Hamilton Co. G were short of rations.
Hardtack was scarce for a while at Stafford and the thought itself is
hungrifying. Piteous reports reached their homes and the good people
there filled boxes with food and other comforts. And one day, soon
after the holidays, the regimental teams brought in a car-load or two
of boxes, long delayed on the road, and the abundance of army rations
for a time, were neglected for better fare. To those fellows who
received no boxes, was freely given by the more fortunate. In many
instances the boxes were found rifled of much of the original
contents,--a common occurrence. There were gangs of plunderers hanging
about all army depots and landing-places, who were ever waiting for
opportunities, and they would steal the food from the sick, rifle
knapsacks of the living and the pockets of the dead, whenever possible.
Many of those depraved creatures were enlisted men, and those of them
who lived long enough, no doubt, became pensioners; consequently,
heroic veterans. Yet Co. G were glad if the boxes only came, seeing in
them lumber for small tables or doors.
The holidays were passed in this camp, with Col. Arrowsmith in command.
Brown had been furloughed. A few of the boys were lucky to obtain fowls
and hoe-cake, from the residents living near. In some of the squads
they parched corn obtained of the teamsters, or battery-men. Money was
very scarce and there was a tobacco famine. The poker-players used
bills of broken banks and bills advertising Morgan's rifled cannon, or
some business college. They had been mustered, but not paid.
One day a stray sutler stopped at the camp. He was a pleasant man and
the boys patronized him freely, until the merchant discovered he was
exchanging his goods for worthless paper. Col. Arrowsmith was appealed
to, with no satisfaction, and the sutler moved along, sadly.
After that, for a time, tobacco was plenty in the camp. Those who had
been smoking coffee or chewing a stick, now were willing to prosecute
the war in earnest. The ginger-bread eaters were lively as crickets,
but the stock of bad money was low.
At Stafford there were frequent desertions among the men. Several left
the good society of Co. G. The men were discouraged like the chaplain,
and many of them would have resigned were it not that they thus would
desert their officers.
The officers of the regiment were getting discouraged also, some of
them because they were homesick, some because they were better off at
home, and many because they were sickened of warfare. They had marched
over one hundred miles, saw the smoke of a terrible battle, and their
ardor was appeased. By the middle of January sixteen of them had
resigned from discouragement and one from disability. Twelve left at
one time, and later on others resigned, until Capt. Frank Place of Co.
C, was the only one left of the original ten captains and he returned
with the regiment as major. His first lieutenant, J. A. Coffin, after
serving a long term in rebel prisons, returned and was mustered out as
captain of that company. Captain Dunbar died, of disease, Capt. Adams
of wounds, Captains Frank and Backus were killed in battle and Capt.
Stone died in prison at Macon. Thus accounting for the original thirty
line officers. In spite of such terrible temptation, Co. G were true.
"Guide North!" exclaimed one of the departing captains, as he mounted a
baggage wagon; and quite a number of his men soon followed him. Similar
changes were going on in all of the new regiments.
Sickness prevailed alarmingly at Stafford. A crowd of men attended
surgeon's call each morning and kept three doctors busy until long into
the night. Fortunately the serious cases were comparatively few. The
illness resulted from exposures and the inexperience of the men, in
most of the cases.
For the information of any persons who are ignorant as to knowledge of
the shelter-tent it may be said that this kind of a tent is used by
troops in the field in active service. Each soldier draws one piece of
tent,--a piece of white or unbleached twilled cotton cloth about one
yard and a half square. In two corners of the cloth are loops of light
rope to be used when the tent is held to the ground with stakes; around
the margins of three sides of the cloth are button-holes set at regular
distances, and two inches above each hole is a bone button. As they are
exactly alike, any two soldiers may join their pieces and thus raise a
shelter, or three or four, by uniting and pitching the tent at a right
angle, can close the tent ends, using two of the pieces cornerwise.
Buttoning together the pieces for roofing only, they could be extended
to any length, and sometimes, by exercising a little ingenuity, they
were made to cover quite a large building. Thus is space devoted to
this subject because the shelter tent was an important article in the
outfit of Co. G.
What is called the Mud March began January 20th, 1863, when the Army of
the Potomac was ordered out of their snug huts and started on a
campaign against the enemy.
Before daylight on the 20th, Co. G were routed out and ordered to
strike tents and take the road. Old Ziba had cooked beef and pork and
the boys carried, also, three day's rations of coffee, sugar and
hard-tack.
Lieut. Bailey had been transferred to Co. K, as captain, Lieut. Frank
was promoted in Bailey's place and Sergeant Hemstreet was made second
lieutenant of Co. G.
That particular morning Capt. Tuttle was not in very good humor and the
boys of Co. G were hustled around lively; and they were all ready and
waiting in good season, for the order to move.
They had quite a tramp of ten or twelve miles, halting at Hartwood
Church, near night. Soon rain began to fall and at dark was coming down
quite briskly.
A pontoon train that was drawn up waiting for the arrival of Co. G and
the other troops, as soon as darkness came on, started for the
Rappahannock river a few miles distant, where engineers were to lay a
bridge, that in the small hours of the night Co. G (with other troops)
could be slipped over there quietly and as the daylight returned the
astonished rebels were to find they had work cut out for them.
Unfortunately, the rain softened the roads and the wagons bearing the
pontoon boats stuck fast in the mud. The artillery that was to cover
the laying of the bridge also stuck in the mud, and horses and mules
stuck in the mud. And it became necessary to send men with ropes to
pull the wagons, artillery, horses and mules out of the mud.
When scouts of the Union army approached the river next day they saw a
board duly lettered with these words--
"Burnside Stuck in the Mud."
Co. G had been kept in suspense expecting momentarily to be ordered
away, until word came to the boys to make themselves comfortable as
possible. A picket was thrown out near the camp. But the failure of the
expedition brought little comfort to those unfortunates who were
obliged to stand out two hours in the cold rain, which poured from
their caps down their back bones and into the shoes. Sleep to a weary
soldier is sweeter when he knows his faithful comrades are watching
over him, particularly on such a stormy night.
Burnside had again been unfortunate, this time doing just enough to
christen his effort with a most appropriate name, "The Mud March," and
it appeared to the army that the elements had conspired to save them
from another defeat. Lee was prepared for the event and his guns were
placed to sweep the bridge if laid.
Burnside pulled and lugged until he had the greater portion of his army
back in their old quarters near Falmouth.
The 11th Corps went into camp on Oakland Farms in a handsome piece of
timber. Chestnut trees supplied material for huts and the men were soon
busy.
While in this camp snow fell to a depth of one foot. The demands for
details for picket came often--the lines were heavy. The rebels were
known to be near.
How fiercely the wind swept the light snow in blinding eddies around a
fellow's head those nights, compelling him to trot lively or freeze.
Posts were relieved every hour instead of every two as was usual. At
the grand guard below the hill, in the woods, a bright fire was kept
burning. When relieved from his post the picket made his bed on two
rails propped above the pools of water and melting snow. Such
experiences were common in bad weather.
The army shoes were the greatest hindrance to comfort. They were made
of leather poorly tanned, and frequently brown paper was found laid in
between the outer and inner soles. Such affairs soon wetted through.
The consciences of army contractors were terribly warped during the war
time. How very wicked it is to tempt some men with fat contracts.
When the shanties were nearly completed, Feb. 5th, orders came to move
nearer the base of supplies. Co. G were getting familiar with
house-warming and moving-days. Already had they built three shanties
and were now to pack up and journey into a new country and raise a
fourth. Such experiences were not pleasant in the depths of a Virginia
winter.
An unpleasant march through mud and snow brought the men to Potomac
Creek where they stopped for the night. Next day they reached Accokick
Creek and were marched into a dense growth of pine favorably located on
sloping ground, and about three-fourths of a mile from Brooks Station.
Col. Brown ordered the men to build huts and arrange for a stay of
months. Many of the little buildings were really comfortable. When the
regiment moved into the wood the timber stood very dense but not large.
A few days later not a tree was standing; all had been cut down and
converted into building timber. Stone was scarce and many of the huts
had fireplaces of wood well plastered with clay, the chimneys of sticks
laid up in clay.
Once more were the boys of Co. G settled in house-keeping and ready for
company. It was a pleasant camp in many respects. The health of the men
improved, food was abundant, good water convenient, plenty of picket
duty, very little drilling, mail regular; a sutler was adopted by the
regiment, and finally came a paymaster, and Co. G were happy. This was
the first time they received pay after being in the service, nearly six
months. The sutler gave credit, however and thus had a tobacco famine
been averted.
Paymasters are generally well received among troops. Many of the men
had left at home dependent ones who needed relief. But in most
instances the money was not really necessary. To be sure money was
needed for postage but that was about all. Ginger-snaps, canned lobster
and oysters, or jelly, and hair oil were better on the shelves of the
sutler's tent. Sardines might also be listed, inasmuch as two of the
boys of Co. G were punished for stealing sardines from a sutler.
Co. G were not out to inculcate morality, and felt the shame of
detection in any case in which their honesty was involved with a
sutler. They were modest men. Hugh O'Brien was shocked when he heard
that those boys had been betrayed by one of the company who had
partaken of the stolen sardines; and Hugh reached forward quickly and
struck the informer, because he had "peached" on the boys. Hugh was too
good a soldier to be severely punished.
While in this camp, Capt. Tuttle resigned and Lieut. Frank was made
Captain. Hemstreet was promoted to first and Sergt. Gates second
lieutenant, and John H. Roe to orderly sergeant. Co. G supplied
officers on short notice to other companies if required and retained
plenty of material made up and anxious.
During those dreary winter days, while the fate of the nation was
undecided and the newspapers were wiping from the face of the earth the
last trace of rebellion, fathers and mothers grew very anxious for
their dear boys at the front. Some of them wrote fault-finding letters,
deploring the war. The majority, however, never for one moment doubted
the result. And the dear girls, how loyal they were. So tender and
true. They were worth one hundred thousand men.
"Say, Mamie," wrote a comrade to his sister, "do you know that Dick
actually kissed the last letter you sent him? I really believe he is
licking the stamp this very minute."
"Please write me no more such nonsense as that, Sammy dear," she
replied, "as I do not believe you. If true, Dick would soon suspect me
devoted to the filthy habit of chewing tobacco. Father affixed that
stamp."
Frequently a letter came from some fair one, a total stranger to the
soldier; for the girls felt they were justified in waiving formalities,
while risking censure from cynical people. Their letters were very
acceptable. Nothing did more to hold the boys within the bounds of
morality and decency than the kind letters from home. Many of them have
preserved those pages, creased, crumpled and worn and to their last
days will regard them as the choicest relics of the war-time.
While at the camp among the stumps, Col. Brown inaugurated his school
for commissioned officers. Many of them needed schooling. It was
reported that an examining Board had been instituted at headquarters.
The colonel also gave instruction to the non-commissioned officers, and
privates who yearned for advancement.
Added to his other beneficent undertakings, Col. Brown regularly
conducted prayer-meetings at his quarters. He had been a missionary
teacher among the Choctaw Indians and likely supposed the 157th offered
fruitful ground. If the colonel had stopped there, he would have done
better. Soon a chaplain appeared.
United States Army Regulations provided that "the wishes and wants of
the soldiers of the regiment shall be allowed their full and due weight
in making the selection" of a chaplain. What use could Co. G make of a
chaplain. They were enlisted in war. Their plowshares and their pruning
hooks were far away in Lenox among the hop-vines, "up the creek," and
they carried no swords.
What need had the regiment or the army for a preacher? Why not have a
regimental lawyer? Only in rare instances was a chaplain worth the salt
he ate. In garrison a preacher may be useful as a school teacher, but
he is not needed in active service. Co. G had believers and
skeptics,--Protestants and Catholics--to have forced a chaplain upon
that company would have compromised their sacred rights and liberties.
They were "fighting God's battles," and every one had a nice little
testament, somewhere. Co. G were not allowed their "full and due
weight" in the matter of a chaplain. As a man there was not great fault
found with this chaplain, and he held forth acceptably. He was only one
of thousands of supernumeraries who could well have been dispensed
with, in that trying war.
In his General Order No. 1, of Jan. 27, 1863, Gen. Hooker says, "He
enters upon the charge of the duties imposed by his trust with a just
appreciation of their responsibility."
Gen. Burnside in his final order relinquishing the command of the army
to Hooker, says "Give to the brave and skilful general who has long
been identified with your organization and who is now to command you,
your full and cordial support and cooperation and you will deserve
success."
Burnside commanded the army about eleven weeks. Hooker, about five
months.
When Meade superseded him, Hooker in his farewell order says,
"Impressed with the belief that my usefulness as the commander of the
Army of the Potomac is impaired. I part from it, yet not without the
deepest emotion."
By comparing the sentiments expressed in those extracts one would
imagine that Burnside had reason to feel consoled when his successor
failed.
The real, real key to all the troubles experienced by Gen. Burnside
will be found in the letter of President Lincoln to Hooker when he
tendered the command to him. It is a characteristic production of Mr.
Lincoln, in which Hooker is severely rebuked. Never has the full extent
of the criticisms against and neglects practiced upon Burnside, been
exposed to the public. But from the tone of the President's letter one
would infer that Gen. Hooker was not considered blameless.
This much of history and comment is given because the gallant Co. G are
soon to meet the enemy and win laurels under Joe Hooker, which are
never accorded them.
Early in 1863 Gen. Sigel was superseded by Gen. O. O. Howard as
commander of the 11th Corps. The badge of the 11th Army Corps was a
blue crescent on a white field. Funny fellows in other corps declared
it was a "flying half-moon." Co. G cared very little for such flings.
As for "flying," they knew the records of many other corps, and they
also remembered Sigel had been highly praised once upon a time.
With Co. G the world kept rolling on, and after the proclamation of
emancipation it really looked as though oil had been poured in at the
axes. The patriotic order or address issued by Gen. Schurz on
Washington's birthday, brought up the shades of the past, and Co. G
seemed marching on, in sunshine, escorted by the fathers of the
revolution. The signs were declared to be favorable once more.
Gen. Hooker, to cheer up the army, granted ten-day furloughs; two men
were to go from each company, and when they returned, more were
furloughed. The first two from Co. G came back promptly. Of the next,
but one returned, consequently Co. G could have no more home-going. The
scamp who deserted was always troublesome. He had been detached at
division headquarters. How he ever was allowed to step between good,
dutiful soldiers and the prospect of furloughs, is not known. The
fellow was discovered as a bounty-jumper, at Elmira a few months later,
and courtmartialed, and sent to Fort Clinch, Florida, to complete his
term at building fortifications.
As spring approached and the ground became firm, the men were drilled
regularly. Inspections were frequent. The Sunday morning inspection
related to cleanliness of person as well as arms, equipments and
quarters. Every man was obliged to stand at "attention" with one foot
bared, and occasionally the surgeons ordered prompt bathing. A very few
of the boys were taken by a guard, to the creek and there scrubbed. Co.
G had none of its members forcibly bathed, but a fellow occasionally
would escape with one clean foot. By and by, whenever possible, the men
were cleanly for sake of comfort.
When Sunday inspections came the cook-houses were thoroughly looked
after. Ziba Cloyes the cook of Co. G and Pat Matthews, his assistant,
kept all their kettles and pans in first-class order. Nobody needed
fear to partake of Ziba's fare. He was an old hotel keeper and
understood culinary matters.
Ziba's violin was a great exhilarator and the boys gathered around his
tent to hear the well-known strains of good old-fashioned reels and
hornpipes played, in style. And they straightway paired and whirled in
stag-dances, stepping to the strains of Ziba's music.
When Gen. Hooker took command of the army he reviewed the 11th Corps.
Gen. Howard also reviewed them. And a review, to soldiers in the field,
often forecasts a movement of the force.
Gen. Schimmelpfennig had the brigade out for drill. Col. Brown
frequently marched the regiment out for new manoeuvres, and Col.
Arrowsmith did the same. Capt. Frank had Co. G drilling for the first
time as skirmishers, a drill which was of little use unless accompanied
by actual, genuine experiences.
On the 10th day of April, 1863, the Army of the Potomac was reviewed by
President Lincoln. Co. G came out in fine feather. New uniforms and
blackened leathers, polished brass, clean guns, and white gloves. The
boys were fast becoming useful soldiers. Discipline had greatly
improved their appearance; drill made them prompt and correct.
When the boys marched past the President in company front--"Eyes
right!" came from Capt. Frank--there sat, upon his horse, a plain
citizen, who bared his head and smiled as though he knew every one of
Co. G and could name them all. The line was fine, their carriage good,
and Capt. Frank was proud of his men. It was a red-letter day for the
company.
Capt. Frank seldom made speeches. That day was an exception. When the
company returned to camp, the captain said--
"Boys, you have done well--you have done nobly--as well as any of them.
You have done bully, by ginger! Orderly, break ranks."
During the latter part of April orders were received to pack all
superfluous clothing and send the boxes to the river. By this time the
supply of books, albums and the like, was exhausted. Much of more value
to a soldier, had accumulated during the winter and Co. G made a fair
showing of packages. Those goods were never returned to the men.
Spring weather had come and the little frogs and the big frogs were
telling the world of it. Trees were beginning to leaf out and grass was
showing here and there. Hooker thought it time to make a move.
On the morning of April 27th with eight days' rations and sixty rounds
of cartridges the men left their huts and started for Chancellorsville--of
course their destiny was unknown at the time, but Co. G scented the
battle from afar. The haversacks were filled with hard bread, boiled
beef and pork, coffee and sugar. In the new knapsacks were surplus
rations and twenty rounds of cartridges. No trouble now with knapsacks,
for the load was light; but the haversacks dragged upon a fellow's
shoulder. There was this consoling in such a load, it kept growing
lighter and lighter, each meal.
The boys felt well and marched along in fine style. Co. G were becoming
weather-beaten and seasoned.
After an easy march the column halted beyond Hartford church for the
night. Next morning was rainy. During the day the troops were moved up
near the Rappahannock and marched into the woods and told to keep very
quiet and wait until it was dark.
Toward midnight Co. G, with the others, were moved down to Kelly's
Ford. The pontoon bridge was covered with earth, men were forbidden to
speak aloud; a move to flank the rebels was in progress.
The 157th was the first new regiment to cross over. In the ranks of Co.
G strict silence was enjoined. Charley Near was not permitted to
torment Pete Cummings. A truce was established, temporarily, between
the Johnsons, Zerne and Jim. Ir Sayles was not singing. Orderly Forbes
marched at the front supported by John Pfleiger and Amos Avery, while
Dan Brockway brought up the rear. Dan always led the company when they
marched left in front. All was quiet. The boys declared the night was
so dark they might bite it; but the report that the pioneers went ahead
and tunneled a passage through was pure imagination.
After crossing the river and ascending the slope a faint line of light
could be traced along the horizon. The regiment was marched to its
position in line of battle and halted, to await the arrival of other
troops, and later were moved forward to a piece of woods and went into
bivouac.
Early the morning of the 29th, rebel cavalrymen were seen in the
distance and a few artillery shots were thrown at them. Col. Brown rode
forward to reconnoiter, soon returning hotly chased by the naughty
johnnies.
The route taken that day was toward the Rapidan. Late in the afternoon
the column arrived in the vicinity of Germania and lay until after
night, waiting for a bridge to be laid, for the enemy had destroyed the
crossing. When all was ready, Co. G marched down to the river. A narrow
passage had been prepared, by laying planks from one abutment to
another, down close to the rapid flowing water. Large fires were
burning on either bank to light the way. Co. G went over, cautiously,
without wetting a foot. John Schultz had resigned; had he been present,
it is likely he would have turned turtle, the same as he plumped into
the slip at New York. But the entire corps got over safely and went
into bivouac on the cold, wet ground. No fires were allowed until
daylight.
The halt after crossing the Rapidan is known in the annals of Co. G as
the time and place where Brock was detailed to guard the fiddle of
Ziba, the cook.
Now the boys were to march in the enemy's country. Before crossing at
Kelly's Ford, the regiment was drawn up and reminded that the eyes of
Cortland and Madison counties were upon them, which was no news to the
heroes. Col. Brown's tone on such occasions sounded very solemn as
though the eyes of those counties were sad.
The boys respected Col. Brown; they could not blame him for not showing
a cheerfulness he did not possess. There was something about those
speeches suggestive of a lack of confidence; it is believed the one
delivered at Kelly's Ford was the last of the series. Col. Arrowsmith
never commanded the boys in battle. The methods of Col. Carmichael will
appear as the record develops.
April 30th opened misty and unpleasant. The road passed into the
celebrated Wilderness, finally striking the Fredericksburg plank road.
In the afternoon the destination of the 11th Corps was reached, and the
men were bivouaced nearly in position for battle.
May 1st the historic order congratulating the right wing of the army
was read to the men. "That the enemy must either ingloriously fly, or
come out from behind his defenses and give us battle on our own
ground." He came, he saw, and the result is history.
The troops were ordered to burn all clothing and prepare for
light-marching order. The Army of the Potomac was preparing for a
lively race toward Richmond. Such an order proved wise and timely, and
much was destroyed that otherwise would have fallen into the hands of
the enemy.
Towards night the 157th was moved forward nearer the plank road and
ordered to strike arms and rest. Appearances favored a fight. Soon
after dark a rebel battery threw some shells over the line and Co. G,
for the first time heard the bang! pop! whi-z-z! of shelling; no one
was struck. But few shells were thrown, when all was quiet again.
Johnny reb. was only feeling for Co. G.
Many of the boys long remembered the whip-poor-will chorus in the woods
about them, as they lay behind their guns that night. When the rebels
opened fire the birds ceased at once. The enemy had spoiled the
concert.
May 2d was Saturday. Fresh beef was issued to the men about noon time,
and the company cooks proceeded to arrange their kettles for boiling
the meat.
All this time Stonewall Jackson is approaching Hooker's right flank.
Several officers from the picket line came in and reported to
headquarters of Howard, that the enemy were working around on the
right. Maj. Carmichael, of the 157th, was on the line; he was one of
the brigade officers-of-the-day. Those officers by message and in
person informed the commander of the 11th Corps that the enemy were
moving in force.
Says Maj. Carmichael, "All these messages received the reply that we
were green troops more scared than hurt."
About the time the officers from the picket line were trying to arouse
Gen. Howard to action, Gen. Hooker sent him these instructions:
"The disposition you have made of your corps has been with a view to a
front attack by the enemy. If he should throw himself upon your flank
he [Hooker] wishes you to examine the ground and determine upon the
position you will take. * * * He suggests that you have heavy reserves
well in hand to meet this contingency. * * * We have good reason to
suppose that the enemy is moving on our right. Please advance your
pickets * * * in order to obtain timely information of their approach."
Howard's headquarters were lethargic; his troops were enjoying
themselves.
Stonewall Jackson was a very busy man while Howard was reclining very
comfortably at Dowdall's Tavern.
While the events just related were occurring the boys of Co. G were
writing letters which the chaplain was to carry away and mail. One of
those letters, written on a drum-head, portrays a scene as follows:
"Nearly all the privates in Co. G are on picket. It is a novel sight to
see the men, who are in good spirits, taking their ease. Some chatting,
some cooking, others playing cards, while many are writing: but the
most of them are sleeping."
It was about this time that Jackson was conducted to a knoll
overlooking the position of Howard's men. He saw the whole display of
neglect--the absence of supporting columns and all. And he started his
men forward.
Near five o'clock p.m. the storm broke. First a few shots and then a
volley. From the extreme right came rushing a crowd of supernumeraries
of all grades. Thirty thousand rebels had surprised the first division
of the 11th Corps. A portion of the first and also of the third
divisions were absent reconnoitering. Back came the first division upon
the third, followed by the exultant enemy. The boys of the first
division did all they could, but what could they do?
Col. Brown was ordered forward and then countermarched to a position
east of the Hawkins house and behind some shallow rifle-pits thrown up
the night before. Gen. Schimmelpfennig says, reporting to Gen. Schurz--
"The first line of our division in connection with Col. Bushbeck's
brigade of Gen. Steinwehr's (2d) division, formed behind two of our
regiments, the 82d Illinois and the 157th N.Y., (the first commanded
by Col. Hecker and the second by Col. Brown) and occupied the
rifle-pits. * * * Your two brigades and that of Col. Bushbeck, together
comprising not quite 4,000 muskets, alone received the entire shock of
the battle and held the enemy in check at least an hour. The three
brigades above-named although both their flanks were turned, stood
their ground until a sufficient time had elapsed for the other corps to
come to their assistance and take position in their rear. * * * For the
surprise on the flank and rear, in broad daylight, by a force
outnumbering us four to one, the responsibility falls not on the third
division. * * * General, I am an old soldier. Up to this time I have
been proud of commanding the brave men of this brigade; but I am
convinced if the infamous lies uttered about us are not retracted and
satisfaction given, their good will and soldierly spirit will be
broken."
Good, brave "little Schimmel," their soldierly spirit was not broken,
and they were yours to lead for many a weary mile through stifling dust
and burning heat.
The battle of Chancellorsville has gone into history and may be found
therein by any person who wishes to follow the battle. So far as Co. G
are responsible, little more need be said.
After the terrible experience near the Hawkins house, the 157th was
withdrawn in excellent order and retreated, after some delay, to the
rear of the newly formed line of battle. Adjutant McWilliams was
dispatched in the gathering gloom, to find the proper road, and went
straight into the rebel lines, and was forwarded to Richmond.
Fortunately, the opposite direction was taken, and Col. Brown led his
men safely out of the woods. They lay in reserve on Sunday and Sunday
night, when the artillery of both forces shook the ground and filled
the air with bursting shells. Early in the morning of May 5th the Army
of the Potomac was withdrawn and in a miserable rainstorm dragged
themselves across the Rappahannock and paddled through the mud back to
their old camp on Accokick Creek. When they marched away they took the
road--on their return they came across lots and found much easier
traveling.
There was an important part played by Battery I, 1st Ohio Artillery, in
the Chancellorsville fight that adds to the record of Schimmel's
brigade, very much. Capt. Dilger, a Prussian officer, who commanded the
battery faced the advancing men of Jackson until nearly cut off, losing
one gun. He then retreated down the plank road. Sending four of his
guns to the rear he retreated leisurely, firing as he went and clearing
the enemy from the road.
But the gallantry of the boys of the 11th Corps was overlooked in the
general casting of results. There must of course always be a scape-goat
for blunders in war, and it would not have done to place the blame upon
West Point graduates.
The losses of the 157th regiment in the battle of Chancellorsville
fight, aggregated about one hundred. Co. G lost, Asa Lawrence, killed;
John Pfleiger badly wounded and Henry Whaling slightly wounded,--the
least number hit of any company in the regiment. Co. A lost the most
men in that battle--one lieutenant and three men killed and sixteen men
wounded and missing. Co. B came next, with three men killed and ten
wounded.
It was sad to think, after computing the fatalities and speculating
upon the fate of the missing, that away up in Lenox the people were
reading in the newspapers that Co. G were not so great a success, after
all. That their dear boys had "marched up the hill," exchanged shots
"and then marched down again." As communities, would Clockville,
Hoboken, Wampsville and Canastota have preferred to see their sons
brought home on their shields rather than had Hooker made a failure?
Perhaps so. Very likely. But Co. G were satisfied to live just as long
as possible.
Nor did the galling tirades of War Critics cease with the passing of
the moment. Before the War Committee of Congress, and in standard
history, the bile of the enemies of the 11th Corps is spread the mark
of Cain. Many of those critics are now dead, but their works do follow
them. No Corps of the Army is so bitter in comment of this kind as the
1st Corps, and they did not reach the field until after Jackson was
checked. Then there was still time to win laurels, fresh and brilliant.
Ah, the world will never know why the corps did not come up in time to
help Co. G whip the naughty Jackson.
One of the missing of Co. G was Dan Brockway, the bodyguard for Ziba's
violin. A few days passed and the news came that Brock was a prisoner.
But he was promptly exchanged and was soon present at roll-call.
"Brock, how about the violin?" asked one.
"Well it was this way, boys. I was in the tent, when the rebs came and
told me to crawl out. They sent me to the rear."
"And the fi-f-f-fiddle," asked John Miller. "T-t-tell us about
the--here--here--f-fiddle."
"Oh, I carried the fiddle with me. By and by along came a reb and
wanted to borrow the thing. I told him it belonged to Ziba, and I
didn't like to part with it. 'Oh,' says the johnny, 'I'll take good
care of your fiddle; there's a right smart of we'uns can play.' So I
let him take it and he never brought it back."
"I'll tell you what, b-boys, we oughter do. Jest take the b-blamed
little cuss over there and exchange him for the here--here--fiddle.
What do you say, boys--hey?"
It was a dreary reception the boys found on their return to their old
shanties. Rain was falling and the interiors of the huts were
thoroughly soaked. But they stretched once more their tent covering and
moved in. Fires were started and fresh boughs laid upon the bunks, so
it was not long before everyone was comfortable and the routine of camp
once more established.
Then came fresh soft bread again and other food, denied to a
campaigner. The sutler returned from his retreat to safe quarters. He
had learned the tricks of the men and they had learned something of
him. He was not a bad man, by any means. Occasionally a hole was cut in
his tent, and canned food and tobacco disappeared from right under his
eyes. In such matters of course, Co. G had very little to say.
There were a few boys in the company who were sharp in dealing with
sutlers. They were pleasant comrades and did their duty, but if
opportunity presented, they were not slow to act. One of them, usually
was well supplied with fried pies, and pies sowed and pegged
(suggestive of boot leather). This boy if asked how he obtained his
truck, replied, "Oh, I coddled them." Poor boy, he fell at
Gettysburg--a good soldier on duty, but a terror to sutlers.
There was another diversion upon which the pious element of Co. G
frowned--poker playing. Col. Brown prohibited gambling. It was a still
night and a dark one, when there was not a game of poker going on. And
at "taps," which brought the officer-of-the-day around to see that all
lights were out, blanket screens were arranged so that the light did
not show through the tent roof. The click-clank of a sword as the
officer approached, caused the light to disappear, and sure to be
relighted as soon as expedient. With their caps between their knees,
the candle propped up in a bayonet, and a hard-tack box for a table,
they whispered back and forth and shuffled and dealt until some of
those caps were filled with postal currency. But poker was not the only
game played in the tents--euchre was a standard game.
Soon after the return from Chancellorsville the winter camp was
abandoned, for sanitary reasons. Added to accumulated foulness nearer
by, the half-buried corpses of a number of mules and horses out beyond
the parade ground, were beginning to pollute the air.
The place had been home to the boys. Its associations to many were
pleasant, to others, saddening. One of Co. G's boys had died while
there and was buried in the little enclosure back of the camp. His name
was Foltz. The surgeons said he died of home-sickness. His friends soon
after removed the body.
But camp must be changed. Precisely as with some people renting houses,
it is more convenient to move frequently, if they can thus avoid
house-cleaning. Thus was it with the 157th, and a summer camp was
established on Greens Farms, not far from the old one.
The new camp was neatly arranged, tents raised from the ground, company
streets turnpiked and adorned with evergreens, and at the head of each
street was an arch bearing the company letter in cedar sprigs. Fine
water gushed from beneath a huge gum tree below the hill, supplies of
all kinds were abundant and the men of Co. G kept in health.
The wounded from Chancellorsville were brought over and placed in tents
not far away, conveniently near for visiting. John Pfleiger, wounded
below the knee, suffered from a painful wound. Hank Whaling was grazed
below the stomach with a piece of shell. He had but recently recovered
from an attack of measles when he went into the fight, and his voice
had left him, so that he spoke in whispers. When he was struck, the
shock restored his voice, and he yelled, "Hub, ---- ---- I'm hit!" He
finally recovered from the effects of the bruise, and saw more of the
war.
When money is plenty among soldiers in camp there are always traders of
various kinds on hand. A maker of tin-types set up his shop nearby and
drew quite a trade. Some of those old pictures are still in existence
and they are fondly treasured. Occasionally a proud son of Lenox
borrowed the coat of an officer to appear smart in the picture he was
to send to his deary. By far the greater number appeared before the
camera rough and unpolished; sometimes in blouses, with pipes in their
mouths, and caps tilted on their heads. Not at all like the frozen
figures of Hamilton days.
One result of the recent battle was the depletion of the color-guard.
While at dress-parade one evening Col. Brown delivered one of his
measured speeches.
"Men are needed to fill out the color-guard," he said. "Candidates for
vacancies can send in their names to the adjutant. I want none but
brave men. The post is one of great danger. The appointment means
promotion."
A subdued growl went down the line, for the speech was a commentary.
Brave men! Just one man in Co. G sent in his name, and he did it to
avoid guard duty. A few weeks later and a private soldier of Co. G
carries the flag off a bloody battlefield. Where were those brave
corporals? The sergeant was down, several of the corporals were
wounded. The brave color corporal from Co. G was scratched and left the
field with all its glory behind him and he never returned to the
company.
One beautiful day the battalion was taken out for a drill in charging.
Col. Arrowsmith commanded half the men and Major Carmichael the others.
The boys were moved about, here and there, until at last they started
over a sharp knoll and the divisions met, with bayonets fixed at a
charge and the officers and men cheering. Company A's captain and the
lieutenant commanding B, crossed swords and the fire flew for a few
moments. Both were quite warm over the matter. The voice of Col.
Arrowsmith stopped the threatening storm. It is safe to say, neither of
those swords ever again came so near drawing blood. For the officers'
swords in the infantry, usually, were applied to switching off the tops
of grass and daisies, or killing snakes; few of them ever tasted gore.
Dress swords were issued to the orderly sergeants and to duty sergeants
also. They were carried only for a short time. One or two campaigns and
superfluous equipments disappear. Usually, their rifles were sufficient
for the boys of Co. G. Those nice little swords would have answered for
toasters when sharpened sticks were scarce.
In the first weeks of June orders came for the men to be supplied with
extra rations and eighty rounds of cartridges. Gen. Hooker intended the
men should carry plenty of powder and ball.
Sick and wounded were sent away, and with the sick went Lieut.
Hemstreet, who had resigned. The sutler also struck his tent and
followed after the man of the picture gallery, seeking a quiet, out of
the way place.
Even the men who peddled the Washington newspapers (for ten cents,
which cost them but two and a half cents) they, too, flitted.
The ins and outs and the ifs and wherefores of those days are
mystifying literature. In the North the so-called Peace Party were
seeking by every means in their power to bring the war to a close. That
party had but recently in a convention held in New York, declared "That
under the Constitution there is no power in the Federal Government to
coerce the states, or any number of them by military force."
Horace Greeley compared those resolutions to the fourteen reasons
offered by an Irishman in court, as to why his father was not present.
The judge decided on hearing the first one--that the father was dead
and couldn't come--was conclusive, and waived the remaining thirteen.
So amid the jangle of peace in the presence of war, on June 12th, the
157th moved out and marched to Hartwood church. A short rest at Potomac
Creek was made memorable by a generous donation of cigars by Col.
Arrowsmith, who was temporarily in command. Col. Brown was detached for
a day or two and led a brigade of the first division.
The march, June 13th, was nineteen miles in a hot sun, over dusty
roads. The men suffered greatly that day and were glad when Catlett
Station was reached.
Co. G pitched their shelters, dug small trenches under the drip of the
tents and prepared for a wet night, for the sky looked very black, the
air was hot and lightning was playing in the distance. Camp was made in
a heavy growth of young timber where plenty of fuel was found, coffee
was made and the weary sons of Lenox turned in, tired, tired.
When the storm broke the much quoted and yet ever fearful Virginia
lightning flashed out spitefully, thunder boomed and the rain came down
very heavily. Amidst the racket an occasional shout was heard from some
person who had failed to provide for bad weather--"My roof leaks!" or
"the cellar of my house is afloat!"--ordinary occurrences.
The march on the 14th was eighteen miles, across the Manassas Plains to
Centerville and camp was made near the old camp ground of the preceding
winter.
The corps rested at Centerville two days, lying in readiness for a
battle. And a rest was needed. Such extreme hot weather began to tell
upon the men. Many of them were suffering from blistered feet; and a
few men had been overcome by the heat.
On the 17th of June Co. G were again on the road, at night stopping in
a sheltered hollow by the waters of Goose Creek.
This day's march of but seventeen miles, was exceedingly severe. Dust
rolled up, filling the eyes, penetrating nostrils, and even the mouths
of the men. They were thirsty, but the steady, close-file marching made
it lively work for the boy who fell-out for water. The guns were loaded
and flankers thrown out and uncertainty and discomfort appeared on
every hand. Toward noon, a bend in the road led down between two thick
fields of timber. The dust seemed finer and lighter than ever, and the
rays of the sun darted down into that oven of a place, most viciously.
Suddenly the regiment opened right and left, other regiments did the
same, the men staggering into the fence corners, everything looking
blue and misty before them; while a thumping noise sounded in their
ears.
Directly the boys heard the voice of "Little Schimmel," who appeared to
have been in the rear, as officers were marching left in front. Forward
he came, shouting--
"Halt the column! Mein Gott, what for they kill all my men? Halt the
column!"
Soon the general came back, cheering up the boys with a promise of
coffee in the shade. Co. G rallied and found, just ahead, the shady
grove. An hour's rest, and they were again ready for the road.
As they filed down into a cosy camping place by the creek that night,
the men resembled the gray-back johnny rebs, more than they did
boys-in-blue. They resembled men who had been rolling in the dust.
However, it was not long before Goose Creek was thoroughly appropriated
for bathing purposes.
While the gallant G are resting at Goose Creek, in a camp located on
elevated ground, the good people at home are worrying about them. Lee's
advance-guard has been seen in various places across the Potomac. A
force of rebels have pressed into Pennsylvania and the whole north is
excited. One hundred thousand militia from Pennsylvania, Maryland, West
Virginia and Ohio, and twenty thousand from New York have been ordered
to Harrisburg. All the troops about Washington have been placed under
orders. The greatest anxiety exists as to Lee's point of attack.
Vallandigham has been tried for seditious utterances and is to be sent
over the lines to his Confederate friends. The party clamoring for
peace is unceasing in their efforts. But the great heart of the loyal
North is true.
Lee, it came about, had great hopes that this effort would be of
practical worth to the cause of secession. The Confederate government
hoped his success would benefit their cause abroad. And with a united
South and a divided North, the rebels were to come out, ultimately,
with honor. Such was the hour of preparation, of anxiety and of hope.
On June 21st heavy cannonading was heard in the direction of Aldie, and
Howard's corps were placed under waiting orders, but they did not move.
Co. G were taking the world very comfortably, eating dew berries and
milk and saving up strength for the next grand movement in the
programme.
June 25th quite a number of convalescent men returned to the regiment
from the hospitals at Washington. Among them was Durell Moore, a boy of
Co. G. All of those boys looked rather pale for vigorous campaigning.
"Jerome," said Durell, as the orderly handed him a gun and
accoutrements, "these things will be the death of me." It was a
thoughtless remark lightly spoken but one that was noted. He was the
first man (so said) in the company, killed at Gettysburg.
The afternoon of the 25th camp was broken and the corps moved down to
Edwards Ferry, on the Potomac, and bivouaced in a fine field of clover.
Engineers were out on the river laying a bridge and the noise of moving
teams and falling planks lasted long into the night. Co. G had now
become convinced that the whole weight of the contract did not rest
upon them, and content and sleepy, too, they lay among the clover
blossoms on the hillside, their feet to the river and their faces
turned toward "God's country." They gazed at the North star and talked
of home. Then sweet sleep came.
Early on the 26th the corps began crossing over the bridge of boats. A
bridge laid under the supervision of Capt. C. B. Reese of the
Engineers, a Canastota boy.
As the head of the regiment struck Maryland soil the boys cheered. They
sang "John Brown's Body," until the chorus rolled from the end of the
line. Then was heard the old hymn, "We're Going Home to Die no More."
Alas, yes--nearly one out of six of them was to be left dead at
Gettysburg, and scores of them writhing in pain.
They were in a new country. Virginia's neglected acres gave way to
fields of corn and waving wheat yellow and nearly ready for harvest.
Monocacy was passed and the column filed through a narrow gorge and
took the road to Jeffersonville. The boys of G felt well and indulged
in much nonsense, similar to this--
"When are you going to cut your wheat, Steve?" inquires Doc White.
"I expect to begin the first of the week," replies Harrington.
"Orderly," says Zerne to Jim Johnson, "I think I see a rebel at that
house over yonder. You will take Loucks and Wise and surround them."
"---- ---- ---- ----!" from Jim.
And so they moved along. Think kindly of them, reader; they are rough,
but their hearts are right. They have followed a tedious road for many
miles to fight for Lenox, for humanity--South and North--to save the
Union and free the Negroes. The little part they have in the great
drama entitles them to recognition, and to a mite of sympathy.
Rain set in toward night making the roads slippery. Plenty of new-mown
hay was at hand, also good, seasoned rails in abundance. Maryland
farmers grumbled some at such wanton destruction. It was a Union
officer who pointed to his empty sleeve and said to the complaining
farmer--
"Your crops will grow again, your woods will supply you with rails.
This sleeve will always remain empty."
Starting out on a cloudy morning, the 27th, the column passed through
Jeffersonville; the brigade band stationed by the roadside treated the
boys to a little cheering music.
Reaching the streets of the small town Co. G were excited to see here
and there a handkerchief waved to them. Out of the ranks sprang one of
the boys.
"Come back here, what are you doing?" called out several.
"Nothing great--only wondering how it seems to walk on a sidewalk."
Near night they reached Middletown. The band unlimbered and went into
action, the boys straightened up and kept step. Ladies waved flags and
little boys shouted. Quite a number of houses kept closed blinds, which
very likely opened when the boys-in-gray marched past and then other
blinds were closed.
Beyond the town camp was made in a region ripe with dry rails and fresh
hay. It was at this bivouac where Col. Arrowsmith interposed for his
men as already stated.
Next day, June 28th, was Sunday and the church bells rang. Co. G were
called up and formally notified that Gen. Hooker was satisfied Gen. Lee
and his army had crossed into Maryland.
"You will reduce yourselves to light-marching order. Those who have
blankets will tear them in two," said the captain.
Light marching order! Indeed, very little remained to be sacrificed.
Many of the boys were reduced to the last shirt. To lighten up a few
ounces, nearly every man went to a convenient brook and a crowd of them
were soon busy, bathing and washing that last shirt. Long before those
garments were dry, a headquarters bugler sounded the "Assembly."
Clutching their washing from the bushes, the boys hastened to camp and
were soon on the road again; some of them vainly trying to dry their
shirts by throwing them over their knapsacks and tying the sleeves
under their chins, thus gathering more dust than before washing. And
the shirts went into the ditch.
It was a short march to Frederick, which was reached early. A
delegation of small boys were out to meet Co. G, and as they marched
around the outskirts of the town the rail fence was lined with little
boys and girls, the boys on the top rail gazing at the free show. At
one point where the children were collected, a tempting rail-full of
all colors came in view.
"See the little--here--here--r--rebs! Doc," exclaimed one to his
neighbor.
"Get back into the ranks, Loucks!" called out a half dozen. "You
wouldn't hurt a child, would you?"
"I believe in taking them when they are young," growled Lute Loucks,
one of the kindest-hearted of boys.
He had jumped toward the children with his rifle clubbed. Of course the
ridiculous caper raised a laugh, in which the children joined merrily.
Those jolly fellows were the life of the march.
There was Al Bridge, his face always prepared for a smile, his ways
were pleasant and his heart was light. Jim Travis and Dan Grovestein
skylarking all day on the road and going into camp at night kicking up
their heels. Charley Ricker, another young boy who appeared too frail
for the road, yet tough as whit-leather; Hugh O'Brien, with his stories
of the fairy order, or of his experiences along the Erie Canal; Nick
Ecker, not much of a talker, but a loud laugher, and others who trudged
along enjoying the fun. They were a good crowd to be with, kind to each
other. Rarely were angry words heard among them.
In fact, the entire regiment enjoyed an excellent record for good
order. At times the camps of some of their neighbors were very noisy,
especially when they were having a high old time; but that sort of
thing was not permitted in the 157th and if ever it did occur, it was
conducted in a manner worthy of the occasion.
Gen. Hooker had asked to be relieved and Gen. Meade took command of the
Army on June 28th, 1863, at Frederick, Maryland.
When the 11th Corps filed out into the road on the morning of June
29th, they opened ranks to let Gen. Meade and staff pass; the boys were
braced up for loud cheering and waving of caps, but the general took a
different route and Co. G moved along on the Taneytown road, just
enough rain falling to keep the road "greasy," as the men said. But a
good long march was made and Emmettsburg was reached before night, the
troops camping near the town.
The morning of the 30th, Schurz's division were moved near the town.
The quarters of the 157th were on grounds adjacent to the Convent of
St. Mary's. It was an unpleasant day. There were many changes being
made by the new general.
The 11th Corps was passed by the 1st Corps at Emmettsburg and went into
camp a half mile distant. Gen. Reynolds of the 1st Corps ranked Gen.
Howard. Had the 11th Corps been thrown forward, instead of the 1st
Corps, perhaps they would have made as fair a showing as the 1st Corps
on the pages of history. They certainly were as good men as there were
in the army.
Pickets were detailed from the company while lying at Emmettsburg. When
the boys returned to camp, they were well supplied with home-made bread
and other good things.
Wednesday, July 1st, the 11th Corps resumed the route to Gettysburg.
Before the column is ordered to move, a glance along the lines of the
157th will be interesting.
The regiment left Hamilton something like nine months before, with over
eight hundred men. Now they are drawn up in line and number three
hundred and eighty-six muskets. Reports have been given of their
sufferings from sickness and in the Chancellorsville fight, and
desertions, which have combined to reduce the regiment to the present
figures.
They have been pictured as cleanly, well-dressed men. Now they appear
neglected. Their clothes show hard service, the shoes, especially
important, are getting hard wear. Rapid marching and lightening of
knapsacks has reduced the boys' underwear; few of them have but the one
shirt, which is in use. That big chap in Co. C is unable to hide, with
his blouse, the fact that he has sacrificed his last shirt for the
cause. But they are the boys of Cortland and Madison and even though
they are out in the rain and the mud, their pulses are regular, and
their powder is dry.
The corps moved leisurely along the Taneytown road until near noon. At
Marsh Creek, Battery I passed the regiment, its support. Soon after,
heavy cannonading was heard and orders came to double-quick the men.
For two miles or more the fast walking and trotting was kept up until
the boys drew near Gettysburg. They had come about twelve miles, and
were approaching the town from the southwest.
On the hills beyond and west of the village, the 1st Corps were hotly
engaged. Citizens were met coming from their homes in the town, in some
instances laden with light articles. They were frightened. No wonder.
As the boys went through the streets men and women were gathered in
little groups here and there, with pails of water, which the boys
gratefully swallowed and hastened along.
Outside the town and north and east of the Pennsylvania College,
between the Carlisle and Mummasburgh roads, Battery I was already in
position and ready for work. The 157th was stationed in rear and to the
right of the battery, near the Carlisle road, in a small field of
growing corn.
A rebel battery took position a half mile distant and opened on Battery
I. Shells came rapidly, pieces struck among the 157th quite freely. The
faster came the shells the more Co. G hugged the soft earth. That sort
of thing continued for a time, until Capt. Dilger had dismounted
several of the rebel guns, when the others were limbered up and driven
to a new position. In the meantime one of the corporals of the
color-guard was killed and a lieutenant was wounded in the hand.
An order came to Col. Brown to advance his men. They started forward in
double-column on the center and--to use the colonel's expression--with
"alacrity."
"Battalion, halt!" somebody yelled.
The batterymen were shouting and Co. G were wondering why they were
being taken through a battery while it was firing.
"About, face!"
And they returned and moved to the left of the battery and then forward
down the slope, the boys of Battery I firing over their heads.
Proceeding forward two hundred yards, the regiment deployed in line of
battle. A line of rebel skirmishers were coming over the rise in their
front. The rebs to the number of fifty or so, threw down their guns and
came forward and surrendered. Several men were detailed to take the
prisoners to the rear.
Off on the right, skirmishers were very busy. Shells were flying toward
them from two rebel batteries.
"Battalion, double-column on the center--March! Right wheel!"
Then it was, under lively shelling, those much-abused fellows
quarter-wheeled to the right, as steadily as if on their quiet parade
ground.
Again they went forward and over a rail fence, into a field of wheat
standing ready for the reaper. Then came the order to deploy column.
"Co. G, not a man of you fire until you reach the line, and then give
them a volley!" shouted Capt. Frank.
The boys had met the enemy again and some of them were falling. Peter
Agan, the first man hit in the company, fell with a ball through his
thigh. Another man fell forward and bellowed like a calf and as the
company went forward he crawled to the rear and deserted--unhurt.
Into line went Co. G. They formed on the colors, steadily and ready.
"Co. G, give it to 'em!" called out the captain and a grand volley was
sent toward the line of rebel heads which were bobbing up and down over
the wheat, twenty rods distant. Then the fighting began. It was
murderous while it lasted--only about twenty minutes.
At one time Col. Brown ordered a charge and the line surged forward for
a few rods. Again they halted and stood up for a time and took their
medicine like men, giving back their best. Along that line the boys
were falling in all shapes. Then some one shouted "get down into the
wheat!" And thus was the fighting continued in Indian fashion. Zip!
zip! came the bullets, scattering about the ripe wheat wastefully.
"What did you-uns stand up like that for, and be shot down?" asked a
reb of one of Co. G's boys, a prisoner.
Capt. Frank, Capt. Backus, Capt. Adams and Capt. Briggs were down--the
two former, killed. Other line officers were killed or wounded. The
gallant Lieut.-Col. Arrowsmith was dead. It was a question of but a few
moments when his entire regiment would be disposed of, and the colonel
looked about wistfully for an approaching aide.
A staff officer finally came riding rapidly toward the field. He
reached the line of fire and his horse fell. It was Capt. Klincker of
"Schimmel's" staff. Klincker dismounted, waved his hand to Col. Brown,
then unfastened his saddle and with it started for the rear.
Col. Brown ordered a retreat. The scattered remnant of his regiment,
their organization broken, a sorry sight, left the field.
Joe Hart, of Co. G, as the order came for retreat, arose from the
wheat. Near him lay the colors. He picked them up and started for the
rear. He succeeded in reaching the fence, when he was shot through the
leg. Joe tossed the flag over the fence to Ir Sayles of G, who carried
it from the field.
Col. Brown rallied his men near the town, and a few shots were fired,
and then continued their retreat.
Capt. Frank was killed, Lieut. Gates badly wounded, Co. G had lost
nearly one-half its numbers and the few still on an army footing were
exceedingly lonesome.
The streets of the town were soon blocked with ambulances, horsemen and
men afoot. The exulting rebs were pouring into town in steady pursuit.
Batteries from a distance were sending shells after the retreating
Yankees. It was no time to stop and visit.
"Little Schimmel" remained too long to look after his men and nearly
was captured. As he spurred away his horse was shot. The general sprang
into a side street, which proved to be a cul de sac. He climbed a fence
and found himself in the garden of Henry Garlach. The rebels were
rapidly spreading over the town, and escape by the street was
impossible. He espied the Garlach woodshed. Near the outer door stood a
swill-barrel, and back of that was wood, cut for the stove. "Schimmel"
was a small man. He cleared a space behind the barrel, where he
secreted himself by piling wood about him. There was a small peep-hole
through the wood and when Mrs. Garlach came into the shed, the general
whispered to her, told her he was a Union officer and begged her not to
betray him. Rebels were going through the houses searching for Union
soldiers. They entered the wood-shed even. Although she was terribly
anxious lest the rebs should find a soldier secreted on the premises,
Mrs. Garlach did not forget that the general might be hungry. Her son
was a lad of ten or twelve years, and she whispered to him aside, then
handing him a large pail in the bottom of which rested a cup of water
and some bread, she said aloud for the benefit of some rebel soldiers
in the house--
"James, take this pail to the shed and get some swill for the pigs."
The boy successfully passed the food to the general, which was all he
had for sixty hours.
July 4th, when the Union troops reentered the town "Schimmel" came
forth, mighty stiff, but otherwise in fair condition. And when his old
regiment found him they wept; they hugged and kissed the little man;
better pleased than if he had been killed and buried ten feet deep in
honors. They believed he had been taken prisoner.
When Orderly Forbes gathered in all they could find of Co. G, he had
about a dozen men. (The word "about" is used because there were a few
detached men). The corps was once more in position on Cemetery Hill.
The 157th remnant lay with the reserve on the site of the present
National Cemetery. And lay they did, on July 2d, and very flat. The
rebels had concentrated their artillery fire upon that part of the
line.
Just at dusk this reserve was ordered out on the right. The men were
ready. The 157th followed the 61st Ohio, a veteran regiment; together
they numbered less than one hundred men. By some mistake the 157th
party became divided, a portion following Col. Brown and the others,
Capt. Place. It was a night without a moon, and in the shadowing woods,
very dark. Just as the 61st and the detachment of the 157th under Capt.
Place, "had reached the angle of our line," writes that gentleman, "a
volley was fired from behind a stone wall in the edge of the wood ...
the woods beyond were all ablaze with musketry ... several of the
detachment were killed or wounded. The officer commanding the 61st
ordered his men to file to the right and left as fast as they could.
Our men were ordered to follow. When out of range the boys were halted
and it was then discovered the colors were missing." The color-bearer,
Geo. H. Davis, of Co. A, had been wounded.
Capt. Place felt, as soldiers should feel, at such a time. And the eyes
of Cortland and Madison were upon them. Believing that they had been
fired upon by Union troops, Captain Place, with privates Marcus
Livingstone of Co. C, and Francis M. Gault of Co. G, went back to find
the flag, but they found that the rebels had advanced their lines, and
they were soon prisoners.
Once more did Co. G try to score a point for the old flag. One of their
boys had brought it from the deadly wheatfield, and was wounded.
Another had volunteered to accompany the gallant Place, and was
captured. Gault had a taste of rebel prisons from Richmond to
Andersonviile, returning to the company in April, 1865.
On July 3d the remnant of the 157th, then pretty well banged-up, were
withdrawn from the front and placed on provost duty at the quarters
occupied by Gen. Schurz.
The first roll-call after the battle occurred the evening following.
Thirty-nine privates, eight corporals and four sergeants answered to
their names. The entire regiment, July 2d, consisted of Col. Brown,
Major Carmichael, Captain Place of Co. C, Lieuts. Jenkins of Co. B and
Tallman of K, and fifty-six men. Other officers were present at the
time of the fight, but were not acting with the regiment.
Out on the wheatfield lay Col. Arrowsmith, Captains Backus and Frank
and Lieut. Lower, while thirty-three enlisted men, dead, marked the
regimental alignment. Capts. Adams and Briggs, Adjutant Heenye, Lieuts.
Smith, Waters, Gates, Atwater and Fitch, and acting lieutenants
Harrington and Benjamin, wounded. Of enlisted men more than two hundred
were wounded, some of them slightly, many severely. Two officers and
twenty-one men died of wounds, making causality list foot nearly two
hundred and sixty men, and fifteen officers.
Capts. Stone, Place and Charlier were captured, also Lieuts. Coffin,
Powers and Curtice. Capt. Stone died in prison at Macon, Ga. Capts.
Place and Charlier were exchanged eight months later, or in March,
1864. The three lieutenants were sent to Macon, and later to
Charleston, S.C., where they were impounded with other officers under
fire of the Union guns; but when six hundred rebel officers were sent
down to Morris Island to be placed under fire, the Charleston commander
removed the Yankee officers to a pen in rear of the city. And while Co.
G had no representative among those officers, their hearts went out to
them, and thus are they here remembered.
Eighty-six men were prisoners. Of those, thirty-seven accepted the
parole offered by Gen. Lee and with about seventeen hundred others,
were escorted to Gen. Couch's lines near Carlisle; the other forty-nine
went to Richmond. There were ten of Co. G, prisoners, six of whom took
the parole--two went to Richmond. The paroled prisoners were sent to
Carlisle, Pa., where they were kept for awhile in fine style, and
ultimately were returned to their regiments without exchange. The
company took into the fight about forty muskets.
KILLED.
Capt. Harrison Frank.
Albert D. Bridge.
John A. Hart.
Luzerne E. Johnson.
Durell Moore.
WOUNDED.
Lieut. Frank E. Gates, groin.
Corporal Jas. B. Hooper, arm.
Corporal Nicholas Binges, side.
Private Amos Avery, shoulder.
Private Peter Agan, leg.
Private Robert Farrington, arm.
Private Joseph Hart, leg.
Private Wm. Miller, hand.
Private Wm. Pease, leg.
Private James L. Travis, arm and shoulder.
Private John H. Roe, face.
Col. Brown was very much cast down over his losses. Who to blame, will
never be known. There was a horrible blunder and some one was blamable.
The 157th never should have been sent out against Dole's Brigade of
Georgians. They had fought two regiments alone and unaided. A wonder
that any of the boys left that wheatfield unhurt.
That was only one of the many little blunders of the war. The North
kept on bleeding and her officers never lacked words for defense.
Nothing new and withal, consistent. The soldiers were there to give
their lives, if need be, and a good soldier will not hesitate over so
trifling a matter. There was glory in the air, though. One could fairly
taste it when Lee turned back for Virginia with his heart heavy. The
cause of secession and human slavery had started down to destruction
and the people of the North rejoiced.
Yet there were many desolate homes in the North. The babes of the South
and the babes of the North clung to their mothers' knees and asked them
why they wept--mercifully were they denied a share in the glory of the
hour. Aged parents sat in the corner and mourned, until they were
reunited with their slaughtered boys. Ah, the fatalities in that war
were not confined to the boys in blue.
The wounded men of the regiment were gathered together and cared for by
surgeons of both armies, while the battle was pending. When the Union
army gained possession of the village, everything possible was done to
alleviate suffering. Nurses came from all directions: many women and
among them Sisters of Charity. Theirs was a noble work.
Very feeble are words to express the tender care of the women nurses in
the war. The youngster who pores over war history will drink in all the
horrors of battle scenes, or feed his imagination with cannon smoke. He
will not care to gather the groaning victims and bear them from the
field. Then, the sickening odors of human blood which one scents
everywhere. Yet, amid those dreadful scenes those nurses went. They
bathed the fevered faces, they moistened the parching throats. From
hastily appointed kitchens they supplied tempting broth, or by woman's
magic produced cooling drinks.
The women of the war. History says little of them, but the hearts of
thousands of soldiers are theirs.
July 5th the regiment was marched back toward Emmettsburg, eight miles.
Next day the little band moved into that village. By calling in
detached men and by the return of all available men, the command had
reached the number of eighty. Col. Brown was assigned to duty
elsewhere. Maj. Carmichael was on the staff of Gen. Schurz. The command
of the 157th devolved upon Capt. Bailey, with two or three lieutenants.
They made two companies of the battalion and the state colors waved
above them.
The honor of Lenox had been sorely tried at Gettysburg and the reduced
ranks of Co.'s B and G bent now under the weight of responsibility.
Still there was no shrinking, they were yet on a war-footing even if
their shoes were dropping from their feet.
They were not a very attractive little band of warriors as they
shuffled and limped into Middletown about 10 p.m., July 7th. But they
were very thankful for a rain storm which softened the roads and thus
eased the bruised feet. It had been a rough march over the Chitocton
Mountain, the sun pouring down hot, the pathway rough, with plenty of
climbing. Thus they toiled over nearly twenty miles, encouraged on the
way that shoes awaited them in Middletown; but they were disappointed.
A rest was given until the 9th and as the whereabouts of Lee was then
known, the army was set in motion. On that day Co. G were on the road,
their shoes were worn out and their feet very nearly so, but the boys
made the best of it and dragged along in the hot, muggy atmosphere,
over Smith Mountain, camping near Boonsboro after a very trying march
of six miles only.
They lay at Boonsboro on the 10th, where shoes were issued. On the 11th
the boys marched out on the Hagerstown Pike, in the advance and camped.
Next day, July 12th, Major Carmichael assumed command. Col. Brown was
temporarily at the head of a brigade in another division.
On the 10th Gen. Howard had issued his "General Order No. 18.--The
General again thanks his command for what has been done during the last
month.... The Eleventh Corps, as a Corps, has done well--well in
marching, well in fighting. The sacrifices it has made shall not be
forgotten--in the retrospect your General feels satisfied. Now we must
make one more effort; let there be no wavering, no doubt."
That was a sickly sort of cheer to send to Co. G, the lonesome, the
ragged and destitute. Yes, Gen. Howard, you are satisfied, but Co. G
are not. They are forlorn. Their laurels hang over their brows, wilted
and stale. You are not a vain man. But never forget, that a peacock may
look "in the retrospect" and be satisfied. "Let there be no wavering,
no doubt." Had that fine regiment but "wavered," General Howard, they
would not now be so few.
Following is taken from Gen. Lee's "General Order No. 16," dated July
11th, 1863, to his defeated army: "Once more the eyes of your
countrymen are turned upon you, and again do wives and sisters,
fathers, mothers and helpless children lean for defense upon your
strong arms and brave hearts." It was the production of an enemy, but
just the sort of stuff to stir the blood of men. Lee knew if he showed
lack of confidence in his men, he weakened them. But enough of this.
The 11th Corps has fought hard and won a blackened eye on the pages of
history. Occasionally they are "damned with faint praise," just to save
the record of some general.
The 157th was at this time, July 12th, annexed to the first division of
the 11th Corps, in the brigade commanded by Gen. Adelbert Ames.
On the morning of that day, with fresh accessions from hospitals and
other sources, the 157th had increased its numbers to one hundred.
As they approached Hagerstown they were deployed as skirmishers and
advanced ahead of the cavalry. Two miles from Hagerstown the rebel
rear-guard was encountered and a lively skirmish followed, but the
157th got the rebs started and kept them going until they were checked
by a battery planted on the hights beyond the town.
As the battery opened the cavalry rushed forward and Co. G and their
comrades came near losing their opportunities for distinction; soon
however the cavalrymen came back in confusion.
Maj. Carmichael had screened his men from the hot, raking fire, by
taking advantage of a broad ditch and as the cavalry returned, the boys
started on a keen run for the town, which they reached successfully and
under cover of the buildings were soon in possession of the city. With
the enemy still in sight on the hights, their names were registered at
the Washington Hotel, directly following those of the rebel officers
who had stopped there the night before. Fifty prisoners were captured
in different parts of the town and among them, two wounded officers,
from the field of Gettysburg.
As a mark of distinction the 157th were distributed over the town on
provost duty. Hagerstown had five or six thousand inhabitants. This
duty continued for two days; meanwhile they can be credited to date.
The 157th had turned over to the provost marshal of the Army, one
hundred prisoners. At Gettysburg they had lost but eighty-six of their
men prisoners, besides seven officers. As one officer ought to count
for two men, the regiment has vindicated itself, with a heavy credit
balance in its favor of more than two hundred and sixty casualties. As
to prisoners, they have seldom found glory in being captured. They
attract much sympathy, but there is usually an ugly "if" lurking in the
background. The dead are heroes. 'Tis well.
July 14th Col. Brown returned to his regiment and the major to duty as
mustering officer on Schurz's staff.
On that afternoon Co. G were marched out to within two miles of
Williamsport, in search of Gen. Lee. The regiment camped in a pine
wood. Next day, the 15th, they were counter-marched twenty miles to
Middletown over the road they had come. Lee's army had escaped, and Co.
G, like the loyal people of the North, were hunting for some secluded
place where they could quietly kick themselves, undisturbed, and get
cool.
The 16th found them en route to Berlin, camping within two miles of
that place, after a tramp of twelve miles. They lay there until the
19th and then marched to the Potomac and crossed on the pontoon bridge,
camping three miles beyond Waterford. They took an early start on the
20th and marched to Groveton, Va. While there they were sent on a
wild-goose chase after Moseby's cavalry, who were supposed to be in the
vicinity of Mt. Pleasant. On the 23d of July they moved to
Middleburg--a secesh town where all the ladies kept behind the
blinds--camping at night at White Plains. On the 24th the boys reached
New Baltimore. July 25th the regiment marched to Warrenton Junction
having found at last, the close of the campaign.
The boys were not very attractive in appearance when they left
Gettysburg and they had not improved greatly by an additional twenty
days' march. They were short of soap and of underwear. In many cases
where neglect seemed inviting him, a well-known pest appeared, and
skirmishing, "with vigor and alacrity," was not considered unbecoming
to many a dignified officer. Truth is stranger than fiction, and here
effect follows cause in close pursuit. At last however time was allowed
for cleaning up, and those boys were not slow to make the most of such
glad hours. The subject is not pleasant.
As has been intimated, the troops around Warrenton were not entirely
idle. Considerable picket-duty was required. On the 1st of August they
moved to Greenwich, so named after one Green, who claimed British
protection, and the flag of Britain waved above his spacious mansion.
On the 3d camp was moved to near Catlett Station. At midnight of the
6th orders came to be ready to take the cars on short notice. Next day,
the 7th, the little squad of Co. G heard the order to go into camp.
They had done so much tramping that a prospect of a free ride, for a
time seemed dissipated. They grumbled not--the grumblers had been
captured and were eating pie and pudding at Carlisle. At noon the skies
brightened and the bold Co. G were to shake the soil of Virginia from
their feet for all time.
Gordon's division, which included Ames' brigade, moved to Warrenton
Junction and the same night took comfortable freight cars for
Alexandria. On the car tops were the able-bodied men and on the first
floor were the sick and the officers, with scarcely room to stretch
themselves. The train reached Alexandria at 5 a.m. The men alighted
and partook of a soldier's breakfast in a field near the depot. At noon
they were taken to a steamer and next day were at Newport News.
Newport News had been a favored camping place, from the first of the
war. When Co. G, with skin as tender as their hearts, stepped ashore,
multitudes of hungry fleas, gnats and mosquitos attacked them and the
poor boys were once more suffering for the cause of freedom.
Ten days' rations were issued before leaving Catlett. The officers now
discovered that the men were in a way to hunger before the journey was
ended. For it is true of men everywhere--some are prodigal by nature.
On the evening of the 9th of August Co. G found themselves aboard a
steamship and bounding on the billows of the Atlantic. They sailed
under sealed orders. In all games of chance strategy is recognized.
Secretary Stanton was about to send a few thousands of troops to
re-enforce Gen. Gilmore.
Co. G was not entirely happy. Besides a slight sympathy with the
rolling ocean, they were wondering just how bad they would be missed by
their critics in the 1st Army Corps. Alas, little did they know of the
future--how high and in what black letters would the fame of the 11th
Corps be written by jealous pens.
And thoughts, longing, sweet and bitter, burdened the hour. Finally
they went into the scuppers, and as Cape Henry dropped into the deep,
they washed from their noble forms the last accumulation of Virginia
soil. The parting was not pathetic.
Rightly named and suitable for the operations before Charleston, was
the new camping place of Gordon's division. There was as high standard
of tom-foolery in that department as in any, during the war. And for
some time Folly Island served as a base.
Stono Inlet was reached on the 12th of August. The trip was made
without incident. Co. G had gathered along the rail of the John Rice
and they bit huge chunks from the sea breeze; for it was "hotter
than--here--Hamilton!" below decks, as John Miller would have said, had
he been present.
In the evening of the 12th Co. G stepped to the floating wharf (an old
hulk) at Pawnee Landing and for the first time pressed the sacred soil
of South Carolina. They had tried hard to reach the seat of rebellion
at Richmond and failed. They had now come to the original incubator for
another attempt. Charleston was still defiant and Co. G were on Folly
Island.
Oh, brave Co. G, you were born heroes. Why did Fate thus trifle with
your yearnings for fame?
The day following the landing, the 157th moved two miles up the island,
or half way between Stono and Light House Inlet.
On the 16th they were marched up the beach to the rope ferry and
crossed to Morris Island, and proceeded to duty in the advance
parallels of the approaches.
Gen. Gilmore was trying to reduce Fort Wagner. One month before, a
desperate battle was fought, with great loss to the Union forces. Then
Gilmore began his siege. The troops worked hard and were sure of
unearthing the enemy if the sand of Morris Island held out.
Duty in the bomb-proofs was very trying. The heat was oppressive and
fresh air very scarce. With other discomforts, sand fleas were very
plentiful. Whenever the rebel fire slackened, the boys got out and
exercised. Three days of such miserable experience were quite enough
for them, but they were detailed again and again. Perhaps it was during
that siege Co. G replenished their stock of sand, as the boys insisted
they breathed it and ate sand with their food, and it blew into their
mouths when they were talking, and into their eyes, and into their
ears.
On the 21st of August Gen. Terry reviewed the troops in Gordon's
division. Those men had not been supplied with new clothing since the
Gettysburg campaign and Terry was disposed to censure their shabby
appearance. For his brigade, Gen. Ames made a proper explanation and
concluded with something after this style--
"But, General, if you have any fighting for us, you will see that we
understand our duty and will obey orders."
August 27th the division returned to Folly Island and went into camp
four miles from Light House Inlet.
Sept. 6th Ames' brigade, consisting of six regiments numbering less
than five hundred men, were taken to the front on Morris Island as a
portion of an assaulting column to advance next morning at 9 o'clock.
During the night a deserter came into Gilmore's lines and reported the
rebels evacuating the fort. Fort Wagner had at last come into Yankee
hands, and was re-christened Fort Strong, in memory of Gen. Strong, who
led the assault on the fort, July 11th. He was dangerously wounded, and
died at New York, a few weeks later.
Up to this period the regiment was composed of two companies. Men were
returning from hospitals and parole camp. The ranks of Co. G were
steadily increasing in numbers as also were the other companies. Their
duties were not severe, but the change of water affected some of the
boys badly.
With the exception of a night alarm, when the long-roll was beaten,
there was very little to vary the monotony of life among the sand
hills. To be sure the regiment was camped in a grove of small
live-oaks, but behind the camp was a sand ridge and sand, dry sand, was
the prevailing soil.
Bathing was a necessity, and at a prescribed hour the beach for miles
was patronized by the men.
Col. Brown had left the regiment at New Baltimore, Va., for recruiting
service at Elmira, N.Y. Major Carmichael was now lieutenant colonel
and commanded the 157th.
For some weeks Col. Carmichael was confined to his tent. Then the camp
was a dull place. Eventually the days became brighter. New clothing was
issued, the wormy hard-bread gave way to good soft loaves, and
soldiering was soldiering once more.
Captain Lafayette McWilliams was not a "boy of Lenox." He enlisted in
Co. F, at Peterboro and was made third sergeant of his company. At
Chancellorsville he acted as adjutant of the regiment, was taken
prisoner and was sent to Libby prison. Rejoined the regiment just
before the Gettysburg fight and was assigned temporarily to the
quartermaster's department. He was left in Virginia when the regiment
went South, and returned to duty early in September, duly commissioned
as captain of Co. G. His first essay at speech-making was in censure of
the boys captured at Gettysburg. His remarks, for one who was not in
the fight, were very extraordinary. Co. G, in that fight did well. One
of the boys was captured supporting his dying captain. Two others
assisted a badly wounded and fainting man (of another company) to the
regimental hospital; and not knowing the proximity of the rebels, ran
into their clutches, very much as did Adjutant McWilliams at
Chancellorsville. Col. Brown went through the streets with one man of
Co. G, who bore the colors. All organization was destroyed. Who was
blamable? Was there anything praiseworthy in the acts of the men of Co.
G on that dreadful day?
Long did some of the boys hold spite against their new captain for his
unkind words, until they understood that he had been wrongly informed.
And when they became better known to each other, unpleasant differences
vanished.
Lafayette McWilliams was an excellent officer. He took pride in the
good appearance of his men. Co. G, under their new captain, throve
finely. The honor of old Lenox was again a light burden.
Carmichael's ideal soldier was a possibility. Brown's ideal was a
mixture of puritanic devotion and Napoleonic dash.
"Keep the men clean; nourish manly pride; make them feel that they are
men; treat them in a way to gain their confidence, and you will have
soldiers you can depend upon. Drill him as you may, a man without pride
is unreliable;" such was the doctrine of Col. Carmichael.
Camp was moved further up the river and A tents were issued. From a
convenient pine grove the boys cut posts and sunk them into the sand.
Then they raised the tents upon the posts and had roomy space, with
plenty of standing room. The bunks were built well above ground and the
lower part around the tents enclosed with the old shelter tents.
It was an attractive camp on the white sand, and the boys were in
better health. An eating house was built of pine poles and roofed with
palmetto leaves. Tables and seats were erected and the men were marched
in regularly to their meals.
For spiritual food the chaplain served his preparations on Sundays,
when Gen. Ames occasionally dropped over to attend.
There were regular duties on picket at the White House, with an
occasional detail to Coles Island, or Kiawah. The details to Kiawah
were for fatigue duty on fortifications and they were pleasant, owing
to freedom from the strict discipline of camp. Mud clams were abundant
in the creeks over there.
Picket duty at the White House on Folly River, was attractive as the
cold weather approached, on account of the abundance of cluster oysters
which lined the banks. Those oysters, when taken from the shells, were
usually very small--from the size of one's finger nail, to an inch in
length.
Dan Brockway saw his opportunity. It was a happy day for him when he
was detailed for picket at the White House. When off post he was
picking open the shells, and far into the night while others slept, Dan
was still at work, until he had secured a good quart, which he sold to
officers for about fifty cents; and well he earned his money. Often the
orderly's voice was heard in the camp calling, "Brockway!" Brock was
either out after oysters or with haversacks loaded with apples, was
peddling in other camps.
That sort of thing must end. The captain declared it should end. One
day Brock was arraigned in presence of Co. G, and the punishment he
merited seemed imminent.
"Captain," says Brock, "I have only a half-barrel of apples left, and
they will spoil if you don't let me sell them."
"Very well," replied the captain. "But you must promise, hereafter to
attend to duty."
Brock promised and escaped punishment, but that half-barrel of apples
lasted a long time. It appeared he had another supply by means of which
he kept the first barrel from being exhausted.
At Folly Island, for the first time, men were detailed in each company
to wash the clothing of the men and all were of a uniform cleanliness,
and the wash-squad did their work well.
The regimental organization was again complete. In November a
detachment of substitutes and drafted men reached the regiment; of
those Co. G received five men.
And there came also from Elmira a new adjutant for the 157th. Chas. J.
Baldwin was an inexperienced soldier. He had been acting as Col.
Brown's adjutant at Elmira and was promoted on personal grounds. There
was an unconfirmed report that he was a drafted man. Had he been so, or
had Baldwin been a veteran of many battles, Col. Brown's thus slighting
his regiment, would have been no less unfair. Baldwin was a good man,
made a fine adjutant. Perhaps he was innocent of an intent to
appropriate the position which was clearly due one of those men who had
seen so much hard service.
Col. Brown detailed Joseph Heenye to be his personal waiter. Then he
promoted him to sergeant-major of the regiment. While Joe Heenye was
enjoying the comforts and privileges of exemption from drill, from camp
duty and from picket, the other enlisted men were out in the sleet and
the snow and the mud. While Joe slept in a warm bed every night, his
comrades slept out in the dismal picket huts. No fault of Joe's. But
when he was promoted adjutant over the heads of many worthy
lieutenants, Col. Brown added greatly to the offense. Joe was a
gentleman. He was killed at Gettysburg.
Col. Brown from a settled policy, promoted officers and assigned them
to other companies than those in which they had enlisted. Such a scheme
was an exhibition of his arbitrary power and in some instances the
effect was demoralizing. When Lieut. Gates was transferred to Co. K,
the boys of his own company wondered and Co. K were offended. By and
by, Lieut. Pierce was assigned from Co. K to Co. G, and the scale was
righted. And when Bob Grant was made first lieutenant of Co. G, his own
company, Co. I, were inconsolable and the philosophical Co. G, were
correspondingly pleased.
That system of crossing-the-breed was peculiar to Col. Brown. Had the
good people of Madison discovered such propensity in time, undoubtedly
they would have suggested that Prof. Brown seek a colonelcy in some
other county. But the regiment is still on Folly Island.
Such a pity so good a regiment should have seen so much trifling. And
even yet were they to steam up rivers, to march, to camp, to wade
swamps, to fight and hang-on, for many months to come and after it all,
not one enterprise in which they were engaged--barring the siege of
Charleston--in that Department, has been deemed worthy of place in
standard history. The stubs of Gen. Grant's cigars, the white vests of
Gen. Sherman and the peculiar cast of Gen. Butler's eye, all are
immortal. Poor Co. G, you are making history and your valiant deeds
shall be chronicled. And your children may know, that while brave and
true men were required to perform these deeds, even the weakest of men
may record them. Such is fate.
In the latter part of December, Col. Carmichael was ordered North with
a recruiting party; winter had reached South Carolina, and in the
morning thin ice frequently was found upon the surface of bathing tubs.
Not the pleasantest season to journey northward.
As the weather grew colder drinking water was more agreeable. All the
water used on the island was obtained by digging below tide-mark and
curbing with barrels. The finest and best protected well in camp was
made by cutting into a sand dune and making a winding passage to the
water, thus placing the water continually in the shade and protecting
it from dust and dirt blowing around the camp.
The regiment remained on Folly Island until February 7th, 1864, when
orders came to prepare for a march with three days' rations and forty
rounds of ammunition. At dusk they were ferried over to Kiawah Island.
Three brigades and two batteries formed the expedition. They marched up
Kiawah, forded the narrow creek to Seabrook, and then over the bridge
to John's Island, tramping until daybreak, when they found themselves
near the center of the island. A line of skirmishers under Lieut. Gates
was thrown forward to meet the advancing rebels, then a lively exchange
of shots ensued, resulting in the enemy falling back. Next the brigade
was advanced about a mile until they came up with the skirmishers. A
large quantity of arms and accoutrements were found in some buildings
near Edisto River and were destroyed. The rebels were found well posted
behind a hedge. The first brigade fell back again and bivouaced. Next
day the second brigade went to the front and stirred up the rebs a
little. The third day the first brigade (in which was Co. G) again went
to the front and supported a battery. At midnight the pickets were
withdrawn and after setting fire to a mansion the expedition returned
to Folly Island. The demonstration was to draw the enemy from the army
opposing Gen. Seymour, who was then about to fight the disastrous
battle of Olustee, Florida.
In that trip to John's Island one man was killed and one wounded, of
the 157th regiment, both of Co. I.
On the 22nd of February Co. G, under Lieut. Grant, (Capt. McWilliams
had gone north with Col. Carmichael) were ordered to pack up, for Gen.
Seymour had been roughly handled and he wanted Co. G to come down to
Jacksonville with the other boys. Gen. Seymour had exceeded his
instructions. He deserved to have been cashiered, but Grant ordered him
North, gave him another command, and the rebs soon after captured him.
The 157th landed in Jacksonville Feb. 25th, 1864, with two hundred and
eighty-six muskets, or one hundred less than at Gettysburg. They were
commanded by Col. Brown.
The trip down was very unpleasant for the men on the lower deck and a
number of them were seasick. The comments of Nick Snyder and John
Miller can be left to the imagination of readers. For they felt glad
they were fighting for Yankee land, instead of beastly, blasted,
blinkety-blank ships on a r-r-rolling ocean.
Feb. 25th the boys landed at Jacksonville, at the time only a
good-sized village. Gen. Ames led his men to the outskirts. Rumors came
of a threatened attack and preparations were made accordingly. It may
be put down here at once, that no rebel ever attacked Jacksonville
(except by rumor) during Co. G's stay at the place, and if any other of
the companies had been attacked, Co. G would have heard of it,
promptly.
In a day or two the regiment was busy with picks and shovels, throwing
up breast-works and redoubts, nor did the work stop until a line was
built nearly a mile in length. The redoubts were protected with chevre
du frieze and trip-wires were stretched along the front of the works.
The regiment had been eating hard-tack for some time because facilities
for supplying them with fresh loaves were not perfected. Capt. Gates
obtained leave to draw flour from the commissary and arrange a bakery
for his company. He took possession of a bakery in town, detailed men,
with Ike Perry of Co. H at their head, and in a short time Co. K were
eating fresh bread. The plan succeeded so well that the bakery was
called upon to supply the regiment.
The bakery was a saving scheme, for the flour allowed by the
government, was in excess of the amount required for an abundant supply
of bread, and in a few weeks hundreds of dollars commutation for such
excess was allowed the 157th.
At Folly Island Col. Carmichael had organized a brass band and armed
those men with a varied assortment of instruments. The grand revelation
at Jacksonville in the one item of bread, opened a way to purchasing a
set of fine German silver instruments. Strange it was that Capt. Gates
was soon after relieved from the bread management and from that time,
the regimental fund ceased to be a matter of history. The query often
passed around the camp--if two hundred men can save a thousand dollars
in a few weeks by commutation of rations, how much should a regiment or
an army save in one year? and from one item of bread. The good people
at home, also were being bled by army sharks.
This little work is not designed for the purpose of paying-off old
grudges. The above item is history. Col. Brown, let it be known, is
believed to have been innocent of any meanness in providing for his
men. They usually were well supplied with plenty of good food. He
looked after their sanitary welfare, and in proof of this last
assertion can be given the fact that during its entire service, no
severe epidemic raged among the men. Credit is due also to the surgeons
of the regiment, Drs. Hendrick, Crawe and Beebe, who were faithful in
the performance of their duties.
During the battle of Gettysburg Dr. Crawe remained in the town; and
while shells were flying over and bullets pattering against the walls,
faithfully, with other Union surgeons, continued to labor for the
relief of the suffering wounded.
While work was being done on the fortifications regular details were
sent out for picketing. And with all preparations for a reception the
rebels did not come.
Pollard in his "Lost Cause," says, the battle of Olustee "was decisive,
as it resulted in the expulsion of the enemy from Florida, and the
preservation of this state to the Confederacy." Co. G did not agree
with Mr. Pollard of Richmond, any more than they agreed with those Army
of the Potomac critics who so strongly intimate that when Jackson drove
back the 11th Corps at Chancellorsville the Army of the Potomac was
defeated. The 11th Corps never assumed to be the bulwark of that army.
Gen. Seymour was not the forlorn hope of the North. The brigade of Gen.
Ames was soon to hold Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Fernandina. Co. G
was not so easily expelled.
On the 12th of April came the news that the brigade was to be dissolved
and Gen. Ames was ordered north with the 10th Corps. Co G had never
seen that army corps assembled during the six months they had been
attached. While on the John's Island excursion they were in the largest
assemblage of that corps with whom they ever had marched. There "Little
Schimmel" was at their head once more, in charge of the expedition, and
the general had not forgotten them. The boys had learned to like Gen.
Ames, because he was a good officer, if a little rough at times. This
new arrangement made the 144th and the 157th N.Y. regiments virtually
the town guard at Jacksonville. The 17th Conn. was sent to St.
Augustine and the 107th Ohio to Fernandina, while the 75th Ohio was to
be mounted for scouting purposes. To these forces should be added the
artillery and not least, the gunboats in the river.
In the month of March one hundred recruits arrived who had been secured
by the recruiting party under Col. Carmichael; they were soon after
followed by that officer and his attachment. Of those recruits Co. G
received twenty-two, increasing the company to about forty men. With
but few exceptions those new men were excellent material.
To those boys of Lenox it seemed always summer, a country where snow
never fell; yet, they knew spring had come in Florida, when the
magnolias spread their blossoms.
The trying experiences of Jacksonville were at an end. No more digging
by day and by night, no more sleeping in those trenches to be preyed
upon by fleas. The regiment was to be divided.
One hot morning, April 21st, 1864, the boys moved down to the St.
John's river. Companies A, B, C, D, E and F under Col. Brown, embarked
upon one boat for Fernandina, and Co. G, H, I and K under Col.
Carmichael, on another boat, for Picolata twenty-five miles up the
river.
With Col. Brown went the state colors and the band. With the Picolata
detachment was the beautiful flag presented the regiment by the ladies
of Cortland.
When the two boats swung out into the stream the boys cheered, and
moisture gathered in some eyes, for it was the parting of a family.
Then the band struck up a lively tune, and a bend in the river
intervened, drawing the attention of Co. G to the subject of torpedoes.
The gunboats and other boats, most of them, were provided each with a
torpedo-rake at the bows, nevertheless there was great uncertainty in
the air as well as in the dark colored water upon which they were
riding. At the wide water some distance above Jacksonville, lay two
large side-wheel steamers, sunk by torpedoes. On one of these boats a
large number of colored troops perished. The trip was not entirely
comfortable and Co. G was too intently listening, to note many really
novel and entertaining features of this first excursion on the upper
waters. There was danger, as afterwards proved, as a steamer was sunk
near Jacksonville shortly after. So when Picolata was reached the boys
were not sorry to step on dry land.
The 157th boys relieved a detachment of colored troops, pitched their
tents under the trees and softened their beds with gray moss.
Duty at Picolata was picketing. Men were sent up the river to Orange
Mills and to other points. At night a picket boat lay in the river
below the post. Really, the Picolata station was an outpost of St.
Augustine some twelve or fourteen miles distant. It was a crossing
point on the St. John's.
The river is sluggish and water coming from many swamps is not
wholesome. For a few days the men drank river water, then barrels were
filled and brought into camp from springs outside the lines and
drinking from the river was prohibited. Dr. Crawe, to whom the matter
was referred, decided the water of the St. John's was well-fitted for
breeding alligators, but not wholesome as a beverage for men.
As an additional safeguard, a small stockade was erected in the rear of
the camp, armed with two small brass pieces which had been captured at
Pilatka, a few months previous. To man those guns men were detailed
from the post and drilled by an artilleryman.
On the 27th of April, Gen. Birney came up the river with a colored
regiment and two steamers. Companies G, H, and K were ordered to draw
fourteen days' rations and to be supplied with sixty rounds of
cartridges, all of which was promptly done and the colonel and his
three companies embarked on the small steamer, Harriet Weed. Then,
convoyed by the gunboat Ottawa the expedition moved up the river. The
gunboat stopped opposite Pilatka--not an inhabitant was in sight--and
the huge amidships gun bore threatening upon the small city. Leaving
the Ottawa, the other steamers passed up the River to Welaka, where Co.
G was hurried ashore and thrown out as skirmishers, while the other
troops were rapidly landing and getting into line. With a guide, the
157th in the advance, the column proceeded up the river. It was a dark
night, the deep foliage along the roadside added to the gloom.
Soon after dark the boys reached a house. For some reason Col.
Carmichael suspected a rebel was hidden about the premises. A search
was made and he was found hiding under the house. When the man was
brought forth, his family made pitiful appeals, to which the colonel
kindly replied, assuring them the union troops would take good care of
Mr. Shook, who was blacksmith for the troop called Steven's cavalry.
And so the unfortunate man was marched away from his weeping family, a
prisoner of war.
Gen. Birney halted the column near old Fort Gates (a relic of the
Seminole war) and the boys laid down behind their stacked arms. They
had been asleep but a little while when a gun was fired, then another,
and more.
Col. Carmichael called his men to "attention" and they stood at their
guns, until it was learned that the colored pickets had mistaken
shadows for men moving about. Co. G were again nicely dreaming the
hours away, when bang! bang! went the guns.
"Lie still, boys," said the colonel, "there is nothing out there but
stumps and bushes."
And the tired men snuggled down under their blankets, not very well
pleased with the picket-line.
Next day, the 28th, the column left the river and marched out into the
country, halting at a place called Granville Priests, a small and
varied assortment of poor houses and negro cabins. At that place the
157th parted from Gen. Birney and the colored regiment.
At Priests a fine lot of sweet potatoes were found. The cooks arranged
their kettles and the boys held a feast.
Col. Carmichael and his men were ordered to return to Picolata driving
as many cattle as could be secured. Native herdsmen were employed and
the colonel, with no escort, started with them, all mounted, in advance
of his men, promising to await them at Middle Haw Creek.
Capt. McWilliams was then ranking officer. He led his men to Middle Haw
and camped. The colonel was not there and every one worried, for they
knew he was among natives.
Next day, April 30th, they were marched fourteen miles through the pine
woods and saw no house until reaching Sander's corral. There they found
a sort of cabin built of poles, raised two feet above the ground.
There, also, they found Col. Carmichael, safe and sound, with several
herdsmen and a large drove of cattle, and when night dropped over the
scene the epicures of the detachment gathered a few of the Sanders
chickens.
The door of the cabin suddenly opened and a tall woman appeared,
holding high a lighted candle.
"Colonel," she screamed, "your men are taking my chickens. I heard them
squawking."
"Oh, no, madam, I guess they will not hurt your chickens?" was the
reply.
It was fine to have the colonel a little hard of hearing, sometimes.
Very well he knew his boys had no hold on any chicken that "squawked."
Some chicken roosts were too near the house, anyway.
May 1st was Sunday. The route led over the usual flat country, through
stretches of pine, across savannas, and occasionally here and there a
basin-shaped pond or sink-hole. The column passed around the head of
Dunn's Lake, the boys supplying themselves with sour oranges from trees
near the landing. At night they bivouaced near a corral. They had made
eighteen miles.
The boys of Co. G long remembered the camp of that night near Dunn's
Lake. It was decided that one of the herd should be butchered. John
Wise of Co. G was the butcher of the detachment, but the night in
question he politely waived his privilege and an officer was allowed to
do the shooting. The result was amazing. The poor creature had been
driven all day and yet was strong enough, when dressed, to have pulled
a cart. He was a patriarch of the herd. And the boys cut him into small
bits and toasted him on sharpened sticks; they threw the meat on the
coals to see it curl up like bark; they nibbled at it, they tried to
chew it, but the patriarch was to be eaten only in lumps. Many
compliments were launched at John Wise, who came forward, explained and
was excused. For John was a good fellow.
May 2d was the anniversary of the Chancellorsville fight. After an easy
march camp was reached about 5 p.m., at Middleton's farm. As evening
came on the cows were driven into a yard and milked by women. No
milking stools were necessary, as the native cow of Florida is built on
the elevated plan. Milkers placed their heads in front of the cow's hip
and slightly bending, drew the milk into the gourd. Each cow yielded
nearly one quart of milk, or as one woman said, the forty cows gave, "I
reckon, about a bushel." Co. G gathered around the corrall and when
milking was over they held out their canteens and had them filled,
paying for the milk in cash. When Colonel Carmichael said, "no
foraging," he was obeyed.
May 3d the boys marched to Moccasin Branch, an easy tramp of eight
miles. There they found the most primitive methods of farm life in the
wilderness, still in operation. The old man had his tan vat behind the
house. A stump was scooped out to serve as a mortar for making samp or
hominy. His apparatus for sugar-making--the rollers for crushing cane
and the sugar out-fit generally, all were of the simplest design. But
the sour oranges there were fully up-to-date in their intensity.
May 4th, after an absence of one week, Co. G found themselves again in
camp at Picolata. The detachment had marched one hundred miles and
brought in fifteen hundred cattle of all sizes and ages. Co. G were
becoming accustomed to good old Florida beef. The cattle were taken to
Jacksonville for army and navy consumption.
The jaunt was rather enjoyed by the old trampers. On the recruits,
however, it bore heavily, that being their first march in harness; but
they did remarkably well.
The routine of camp life was again established, and quite easy it was.
The heat of a far southern sun was becoming stronger and the boys felt
languid. Moored along the river banks were dozens of dug-outs of every
pattern, prizes taken along the shores; and these little boats afforded
a diversion for any who could handle them. Some of the boys set
night-lines and caught cat-fish. Others fished at night with torch and
spear for the gar fish. Alligators were often seen floating with the
current, or at night they were heard among the rushes bellowing like
young bulls. Occasionally an alligator was shot.
The greatest pests Co. G found in Florida were mosquitoes and gnats.
Many a blacksnake was seen with an occasional venomous snake, and water
snakes, but no member of the regiment was bitten although they spread
their blankets for the night, on the ground, without thought or
precaution. Often small scorpions were found in the tents and rarely a
centipede. But fleas were sometimes secreted in the hanging moss.
East Florida in those days, was mostly wilderness. Deer and other game
abounded. Outside the picket line, for some time, the men on post were
frequently annoyed by prowling wildcats, whose running about and
snarling, broke the monotony of dark nights.
The view about Picolata was very pleasant when the plains were bright
with flowers, when the land appeared worthy of its fair name. Florida
is much improved in population and thrift in these later days and may
be enjoyable. But for all their sunshine and flowers, their oranges and
"'arly sarce," Co. G would not, in 1864, have parted with a single
square acre out of old Lenox,--not for all East Florida.
Sunday, May 22nd, while the Picolata force were drawn up for inspection,
two steamers arrived, together with the gunboat Ottawa.
Before this time, Col. Brown had been ordered to Hilton Head as Provost
Marshall of the Department of the South. That change made Col. Carmichael
ranking officer and he accordingly made requisition for companies A and
F and also for the band, all of whom were at Fernandina.
Maj. Place had returned from imprisonment, and came up to Picolata in
charge of the two companies. When the boys marched aboard the gunboat
Ottawa the major was left in charge of the camp.
This time a landing was made opposite Pilatka, the men halting for the
night seven miles further up the river.
May 23d the column marched to Middle Haw Creek, nearly twenty miles,
reaching camp at 9 p.m. A junction was made there with troops from St.
Augustine.
May 24th was hot and sultry. One day's rations were issued and the boys
took the back-track for Picolata.
Near noon a halt was made near a large water hole and the men were told
to fill their canteens, as no more water would be found until night. In
the afternoon as they moved along the narrow trail they grew very
thirsty, so that long before night many of the canteens were empty. As
the night came on and no water was found, Col. Carmichael suspected
some trickery from the guide, and he detailed two men with loaded
pieces to escort the man and to shoot upon the first indication of
treachery. And so they moved along, the poor guide insisting that he
was right, only he had miscalculated distance. The boys of the 144th N.
Y., were suffering from thirst and their colonel ordered his pioneers
to dig for water. The guide called out,
"You'll not get water there."
"Where will we find it?" growled back a chorus of voices.
"Jist about two mile from yere."
"Are you sure?" asked Col. Carmichael.
"Yes, cunnel, I'm dead sure."
The colonel called to several mounted officers, and away they all went
out into the darkness. Co. G sank upon the ground and waited patiently.
After a time the colonel returned and reported water a short distance
ahead and marching about a mile they reached Middleton's and were again
on familiar ground. It was midnight before the boys had drank their
coffee and were under the blankets. They were very tired, having
marched thirty miles.
March 25, an easy march was promised the men and they made eight miles
to Moccasin Branch, where they halted for dinner. Again taking the road
the march was increased to thirteen miles, part of the way through a
brisk summer shower.
The boys were halted that night in a lane not far from the shack where
the colonel was quartered. Air to breathe seemed scarce and fleas
appeared to be unusually active. At the miserable house the officers,
lying on the floor, were much annoyed by the persistent occupation of
hogs underneath them. Fleas gnawed the officers and they scratched and
scolded. Fleas tortured the saw-backs and they humped themselves and
rubbed against the floor-joists, and as they toiled they grunted. Out
in the lane the men of Co. G were too busy to sleep. That little farm
in the wilderness might have been the main supply station for all East
Florida fleadom.
It was an easy march May 26th of only nine miles to Picolata. When the
boys approached the camp Maj. Place came out to meet them with the
band. Then Co. G braced up in style and stepped off to the good old
tune of "The Girls We Left Behind Us." Co. G remembered the girls.
The object of the expedition, besides giving the boys an outing, was to
gather up any loose rebels in the vicinity of Dunn's Lake. Probably
there were more soldiers in that command alone, than the rebels had in
the entire state of Florida at the time. There was no accounting for
novelties in the department, illustrative of experimental or
theoretical campaigning. And while Folly Island was anchored
permanently, its suggestive and appropriate title was indelibly stamped
upon nearly every expedition organized in the Department, from
September, 1863, until the close of the war.
It was an extensive experiment station for the engineer officers of the
army and for the navy. There they could study the flight of missiles
and their force; the relative difference in guns and mortars, and
resistance of sand and iron armor. In short, it was a safe school where
many a favorite matriculated and from which very few graduated. It was
called warfare, because there were hospitals there and many graves.
Soon after the return from the second excursion, Col. Carmichael with
fifty picked men were taken across the river and landed near Green Cove
Springs. They proceeded into the country, returning next day, having
captured a rebel mail and several horses.
On Sunday, May 29th, two regiments came over from St. Augustine and the
157th boys were ordered to be ready to move at noon with four day's
rations and sixty rounds of cartridges and rubber blanket or piece of
shelter tent. The men were drawn up in line, expecting to move, and
were finally returned to their quarters.
Next day a boat came up from below and Co. G, as night fell over the
tropical scene, stepped once again upon a steamer and near midnight
found themselves behind the works in front of Jacksonville.
The morning of the 31st the sun rose angry. Co. G still lay behind the
works. There was mystery all around them; a sort of mystery peculiar to
the climate--a lazy mystery. Co. G did not broach the mystery--when
they were wanted, was time enough for them.
As soon as darkness came, the boys were marched aboard of a steamer and
were taken about eighteen miles up the river and landed at the mouth of
a creek, on the west bank.
It was long past bedtime when the boys laid themselves down to rest--3
o'clock in the morning. They were allowed to sleep until near daybreak
and were then aroused very quietly, lest the rebels should hear. No
fires were allowed and any boy who lighted a pipe, did so very slyly.
The men were told to eat something, then to fill their canteens from a
neighboring brook, as no more water would be found before night--a
delightful country, that land of flowers.
Col. Noble of the 17th Conn., (a dignified officer whose hair was very
gray) commanded the party. All officers were dismounted.
Soon after daylight the column started. It was composed of three or
four regiments, one of them colored.
As the day lengthened, the heat grew intense. At noon time it was so
hot the birds ceased their callings, butterflies took to cover; the
horny leaves of the palmetto scrub curled as the corn leaves curl and
twist under an August sun. Not the slightest breeze stirred the air;
there was a bluish haze in the atmosphere.
As often it occurs on such a march, some of the men drink all the water
in their canteens before the day is half gone. With care three pints of
water can be made to last a long time. And on the present occasion,
long before night, many of the men carried
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