Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary
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Title: Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary
Author: Albion Walter Hewlett
William August Puckner
Torald Hermann Sollmann
Martin I. Wilbert
Release date: January 4, 2013 [eBook #41778]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41778
Credits: Produced by Stephen Hope, Paul Fernandez, Brett Fishburne
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
http://www.pgdp.net
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EPITOME OF THE PHARMACOPEIA OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE NATIONAL FORMULARY ***
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| inconsistent. Where necessary, index |
| entries were corrected to the main text. |
| The text has the note regarding the use |
| of iron at the base of each of pages |
| 85-95. |
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| Unicode apothecary symbols in preface |
| tables removed in text version (not used |
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EPITOME OF THE PHARMACOPEIA OF THE UNITED
STATES AND THE NATIONAL FORMULARY,
WITH COMMENTS
* * * * *
Prepared for the Use of Physicians Under Authorization of the Council on
Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association by a
Committee Consisting of the Following:
A.W. Hewlett, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Leland Stanford Junior
University.
Torald Sollmann, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology and Materia Medica,
Medical Department, Western Reserve University.
M.I. Wilbert, Ph.M., Phar.D., Assistant in the Division of
Pharmacology, Hygienic Laboratory, U.S. Public Health Service.
W.A. Puckner, Phar.D., Secretary of the Council on Pharmacy
and Chemistry.
* * * * *
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
535 North Dearborn Street Chicago
1924
[Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopeia of the United States of
America, ninth decennial revision, in this volume, has been granted by
the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention,
which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any
translations of the official weights and measures, or for any statement
as to the strength of official preparations.
Permission to use for comment parts of the National Formulary has been
granted by the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association.]
Copyright, 1921
American Medical Association
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION
The Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary are now
recognized by federal and state laws as standards for drugs and their
preparations. Physicians who prescribe Pharmacopeial or National
Formulary drugs or preparations, therefore, are more likely to obtain a
good and constant quality than if they prescribe unofficial articles,
i.e., articles that have no legalized standard. Hence medical men are
interested in knowing what drugs and preparations are included in these
two books of standards. Both the Pharmacopeia and the National
Formulary, however, contain a vast amount of technical information, of
value to pharmacists but of little interest to physicians. The Journal
of the American Medical Association in 1907 issued the "Physicians'
Manual of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary," a book designed
to meet the needs of physicians in this respect. The fact that this book
did meet a real need is evidenced by the continued demand for it.
The present "Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary"
takes the place of that book, but is based on the new (the ninth)
revision of the Pharmacopeia and the new (the fourth) edition of the
National Formulary. It has been prepared under the direction of a
committee appointed by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the
American Medical Association. The aim has been to include all the matter
in the Pharmacopeia and National Formulary which is likely to be of
interest to physicians. This, it is believed, consists of the official
titles and their abbreviations; synonyms; brief definitions; when
necessary, concise descriptions of the physical properties; and dosage.
Since both the Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary include many
drugs and preparations which are irrational, superfluous or worthless,
in many cases the medical members of the committee have added brief
comments to aid a discriminating selection of therapeutic agents.
In this epitome drugs are arranged alphabetically by Pharmacopeial or
National Formulary titles; preparations of drugs are placed under the
drugs themselves. Thus Tinctura Digitalis is placed not among the Ts,
but among the Ds under Digitalis. Names of drugs are in black-face type;
names of preparations are in light-face italics. An index is added to
assist in ready reference.
Statements of composition refer in some cases to percentage by volume,
in others to percentage by weight, and in still others to percentage by
weight-volume--that is, the weight of a given chemical contained (or the
weight of a given vegetable drug represented by extractives) in 100 Cc.
of the preparation. It has not been thought worth while to indicate
whether the statement in each case is by volume, weight or
weight-volume, since the differences are too small to have any
therapeutic importance. Statements of alcoholic content refer to
percentage by volume and are approximate only. In a few instances in
which the quantity of alcohol in a dose is small, or in which the
preparation is intended for external use, the alcohol content is not
stated.
DOSAGE statements, when followed by the letters "U.S.P." or "N.F.," are
taken from these books, respectively, and are understood to be the
average adult doses. In some cases in which this statement was felt to
be inadequate or unsatisfactory, further suggestions as to dosage have
been added.
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION
The text of this edition is the same as that of the first, except that a
few typographical errors which were in the first edition have been
corrected.
The new edition differs from the first in the following particulars:
In the first edition, a star indicates that the drug is included in the
second (1916) edition of Useful Drugs. To bring the present edition up
to date, the star (*) here indicates that the drug is included in the
fifth (1921) edition of Useful Drugs.
In compliance with the opinion expressed by some that a more complete
index would be helpful, the index to the second edition has been
materially extended. It is hoped that this will help to familiarize
those who purchase the book with its contents.
TABLES OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
METRIC MEASURES OF WEIGHT
1 Milligram (1 mg.) = 0.001 gram.
1 Centigram = 0.01 gram.
1 Decigram = 0.1 gram.
1 Gram (1 Gm.) = 1.[A]
1 Decagram = 10 grams.
1 Hektogram = 100 grams.
1 Kilogram (1 kg.) = 1000 grams.[B]
A: The weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water at 4 C.
B: The weight of 1 cubic decimeter of water at 4 C.
METRIC FLUID MEASURE
1 Milliliter (1 cubic centimeter, 1 Cc.) = 0.001 cubic decimeter.
1 Centiliter (10 Cc.) = 0.01 cubic decimeter.
1 Deciliter (100 Cc.) = 0.1 cubic decimeter.
1 Liter (1000 Cc.) = 1 cubic decimeter.
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT
20 Grains = 1 scruple.
3 Scruples = 1 drachm.
8 Drachms = 1 ounce.
12 Ounces = 1 pound.
APOTHECARIES' FLUID MEASURE
60 Minims = 1 fluidrachm.
8 Fluidrachms = 1 fluidounce.
16 Fluidounces = 1 pint.
EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT IN METRIC
1 Grain = 0.06479895 Gm.
1 Drachm = 3.8879369 Gm.
1 Ounce = 31.1034956 Gm.
1 Pound = 373.241948 Gm.
EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES' FLUID MEASURE IN METRIC
1 Minim = 0.06161 Cc.
1 Fluidrachm = 3.6966 Cc.
1 Fluidounce = 29.573 Cc.
1 Pint = 473.17 Cc.
EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC WEIGHT IN APOTHECARIES'
0.001 Gm. (1 milligram, 1 mg.) = 0.01543 grain.
0.01 Gm. (1 centigram) = 0.15432 grain.
0.1 Gm. (1 decigram) = 1.54324 grains.
1 Gm. (1 gram) = 15.4324 grains.
10 Gm. (1 decagram) = 2 drachms, 34.324 grains.
100 Gm. (1 hectogram) = 3 ounces, 1 drachm, 43.24 grains.
1000 Gm. (1 kilogram, 1 kg.) = 2 pounds, 8 ounces, 52.4 grains.
EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC FLUID MEASURE IN APOTHECARIES'
1 Cc. = 16.231 minims.
10 Cc. = 2 fluidrachms, 42.311 minims.
100 Cc. = 3 fluidounces, 3 fluidrachms, 3.11 minims.
1000 Cc. (1 Liter) = 2 pints, 1 fluidounce, 6 fluidrachms, 31.1 minims.
METRIC AND APOTHECARIES' EQUIVALENTS (WEIGHTS)
Gm. Grains Grains Gm.
1 = 15.4324 1 = 0.06480
2 = 30.8647 2 = 0.12960
3 = 46.2971 3 = 0.19440
4 = 61.7294 4 = 0.25920
5 = 77.1618 5 = 0.32399
6 = 92.5941 6 = 0.38879
7 = 108.0265 7 = 0.45359
8 = 123.4589 8 = 0.51839
9 = 138.8912 9 = 0.58319
METRIC AND APOTHECARIES' EQUIVALENTS (VOLUME)
Cc. Minims Minims Cc.
1 = 16.231 1 = 0.061610
2 = 32.462 2 = 0.123220
3 = 48.693 3 = 0.184831
4 = 64.924 4 = 0.246441
5 = 81.156 5 = 0.308051
6 = 97.387 6 = 0.369661
7 = 113.618 7 = 0.431271
8 = 129.849 8 = 0.492882
9 = 146.080 9 = 0.554492
CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS
C.° F.°
-40 -40
-30 -22
-20 -4
-10 14
0 32
5 41
10 50
15 59
20 68
25 77
30 86
35 95
40 104
45 113
50 122
55 131
60 140
65 149
70 158
75 167
80 176
85 185
90 194
95 203
100 212
110 230
120 248
130 266
140 284
150 302
200 392
250 482
300 572
350 662
CLINICAL TABLE OF CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS
C.° F.°
36.0 96.80
36.2 97.16
36.3 97.34
36.4 97.52
36.5 97.70
36.6 97.88
36.7 98.06
36.8 98.24
36.9 98.42
37.0 98.60
37.1 98.78
37.2 98.96
37.3 99.14
37.4 99.32
37.5 99.50
37.6 99.68
37.7 99.86
37.8 100.04
37.9 100.22
38.0 100.40
38.1 100.58
38.2 100.76
38.3 100.94
38.4 101.12
38.5 101.30
38.6 101.48
38.7 101.66
38.8 101.84
38.9 102.02
39.0 102.20
39.1 102.38
39.2 102.56
39.3 102.74
39.4 102.92
39.5 103.10
39.6 103.28
39.7 103.46
39.8 103.64
39.9 103.82
40.0 104.00
40.1 104.18
40.2 104.36
40.3 104.54
40.4 104.72
40.5 104.90
40.6 105.08
40.8 105.44
41.0 105.80
41.2 106.16
41.4 106.52
41.6 106.88
41.8 107.24
42.0 107.60
42.2 107.96
42.4 108.32
42.6 108.68
42.8 109.04
43.0 109.40
Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary
* * * * *
[STARS (*) DESIGNATE PREPARATIONS DESCRIBED IN "USEFUL DRUGS," A BOOK
PREPARED TO FURTHER A MORE RATIONAL MATERIA MEDICA AND PUBLISHED BY THE
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PRICE 50 CENTS]
* * * * *
=Absinthium (Absinth.), Absinthium, N.F.= (Wormwood, Madderwort,
Vermuth).
Leaves and flowering tops.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete aromatic bitter; without
advantage over gentian or other bitter drugs.
=*Acacia (Acac.), Acacia, U.S.P.= (Gum Arabic, Gum Senegal).
A gum occurring in tears, fragments or powder. Slowly and almost
completely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible
with sodium borate, lead acetate and ferric salts.
ACTION AND USES: Demulcent; chiefly as a vehicle to
suspend insoluble substances in aqueous mixtures.
_*Mucilago Acaciae (Mucil. Acac.), Mucilage of Acacia, U.S.P._--Acacia
(35%) in water.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Acaciae (Syr. Acac.), Syrup of Acacia, U.S.P._--Acacia (10%) in
sugar and water.
=ACETA, VINEGARS.=--A vinegar is a solution of vegetable principles
either in diluted acetic acid or in a mixture of diluted acetic acid and
alcohol. For Acetum Aromaticum, see under =Oleum Lavandulae=; for Acetum
Opii and Acetum Scillae, see under =Opium= and =Scilla=, respectively.
=*Acetanilidum (Acetanil.), Acetanilid, U.S.P.= (Acetanilide,
Antifebrin).--C{6}H{5}NH.CH{3}CO.
A white, odorless, crystalline powder, with a slightly burning
taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:190), very soluble in alcohol
(1:3.4) and in chloroform (1:3.7). Incompatible with spirit of
nitrous ether and forms pasty masses when triturated with chloral
or antipyrin.
ACTION AND USES: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive
doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly to
relieve headache and neuralgic pains. A habit-forming
drug. If used over a long period of time, it may produce
a severe anemia.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.) in powders
which may be placed in capsules, or tablets which should
be crushed before swallowing. It is well to begin with 0.1
Gm. or about 1-1/2 grains, and to repeat cautiously.
_Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus (Pulv. Acetanil. Co.), Compound
Acetanilid Powder, N.F._--Acetanilid (70%), caffeine (10%) and sodium
bicarbonate (20%).
USES: Irrational acetanilid preparation. The caffeine
does not diminish the toxicity, nor does the bicarbonate
increase the solubility of acetanilid, as was at one time
supposed.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
=Acetonum (Aceton.), Acetone, U.S.P.= (Dimethyl-Ketone).
A colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a pungent sweetish
taste. Miscible with water, alcohol, ether and chloroform.
ACTION AND USES: Pharmaceutic solvent.
=*Acetphenetidinum (Acetphen.), Acetphenetidin, U.S.P.
(Phenacetin).=--C{6}H{4}(OC{2}H{5}).NH.CH{3}CO.
White, odorless, slightly bitter, crystalline scales or powder.
Very slightly soluble in water (1:1310), soluble in alcohol (1:15)
and in chloroform (1:14).
ACTION AND USES: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive
doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly for
the relief of headache and neuralgic pains and in the treatment
of mild fevers. A habit-forming drug. If used for a
long period of time, it may produce a severe anemia.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in powders or
capsules. If small doses fail to relieve headache, larger
doses are also usually ineffective.
=*Acidum Aceticum (Acid. Acet.), Acetic Acid, U.S.P.=--Acetic acid
CH{3}.COOH (about 36.5%).
ACTION AND USES: Caustic and rubefacient. In the form
of vinegar, is antidote to alkalies.
_Acidum Aceticum Dilutum (Acid. Acet. Dil.), Diluted Acetic Acid,
U.S.P._--CH{3}COOH (about 6%).
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.
_Acidum Aceticum Glaciale (Acid. Acet. Glac.), Glacial Acetic Acid,
U.S.P._--CH{3}COOH.
A colorless liquid, with a vinegar-like odor and a pungent, sour
taste. Miscible with water or alcohol.
*=Acidum Benzoicum (Acid. Benz.), Benzoic Acid, U.S.P.=--C{6}H{5}.COOH.
Obtained from benzoin or prepared synthetically.
Lustrous, almost colorless scales or needles, with a pungent, acid
taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:275) and freely soluble in
alcohol (1:2.3); also readily soluble in solutions of alkali
hydroxides or carbonates with the production of alkali benzoates.
ACTION AND USES: Mild antiseptic and diuretic.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), best given in the
form of soluble benzoates (see under =Sodii Benzoas=).
*=Acidum Boricum (Acid. Bor.) Boric Acid, U.S.P.= (Boracic
Acid).--H{3}BO{3}.
Colorless, odorless scales or powder with a faintly bitter taste.
Soluble in water and in alcohol (1:18); freely soluble in glycerin
(1:4).
ACTION AND USES: Mild antiseptic and astringent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. A
watery solution, ranging from 2 per cent. to =saturated=, is
used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, cystitis, etc.
Externally used as dusting powder.
_*Glyceritum Boroglycerini (Glycer. Boroglyc.), Glycerite of
Boroglycerin, U.S.P._--Boroglycerin in glycerin representing 31% boric
acid.
_Liquor Antisepticus (Liq. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution, N.F._--Boric
acid (2.5%), thymol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, oil of thyme,
menthol, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate in alcohol and water.
USES: Needlessly complex aromatic mouthwash.
_*Unguentum Acidi Borici (Ung. Acid. Bor.), Ointment of Boric Acid,
U.S.P._--Boric acid (10%) in paraffin and white petrolatum.
=Acidum Bromauricum (Acid. Bromaur.), Bromauric Acid, N.
F.=--Corresponds to not less than 32 per cent. of metallic gold.
A dark-brown, odorless solid, with a metallic acid taste. Very
soluble in water and in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: "Alterative" apparently of no value.
DOSAGE: 0.006 Gm. or 1/10 grain (N.F.).
_Liquor Auri et Arseni Bromidi (Liq. Aur. et Arsen. Brom.), Solution of
Gold and Arsenic Bromide, N.F._--Contains hydrogen bromaurate (HAuBr{4})
and arsenic acid (H{3}AsO{4}) obtained by oxidizing a solution of
arsenous oxide with bromine and adding bromauric acid.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.)
=Acidum Citricum (Acid. Cit), Citric Acid, U.S.P.=
Colorless, odorless crystals. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and in
alcohol (1:1.8).
ACTION AND USES: Substitute for lemon juice; also substitute
for dilute hydrochloric acid in the treatment of
gastric hypoacidity.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Syrupus Acidi Citrici (Syr. Acid. Cit.), Syrup of Citric Acid,
U.S.P._--Citric acid (1%), flavored with tincture of lemon peel, in
syrup.
USES: Vehicle for salty substances such as bromides.
=Acidum Formicum (Acid. Formic), Formic Acid, N.F.=--HCOOH (about 25%).
A clear, colorless liquid, with a characteristic pungent odor, and
an acid reaction.
ACTION AND USES: Externally as caustic irritant, but
without advantage over mustard. Internally as slightly
irritant diuretic, but without advantage over nitrates. The
elixirs containing various formates are intended as tonics,
but there is no good evidence that they have such action.
They are needlessly complex and irrational.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).
_Elixir Formatum (Elix. Format.), Elixir of Formates, N.F._--Potassium
formate (5%), sodium formate (5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol
content about 15 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Formatum Compositum (Elix. Format. Co.), Compound Elixir of
Formates, N.F._--Sodium formate (3%), magnesium formate (2.5%),
strontium formate (2.5%), lithium formate (1%), quinine formate (0.8%),
compound spirit of cardamom, acetic ether, alcohol, glycerin and
distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 9.9 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Spiritus Acidi Formici (Sp. Ac. Formic.), Spirit of Formic Acid, N.F._
(Spiritus Formicarum, Spirit of Ants).--Formic acid (4%) in distilled
water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: Rubefacient.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Acidum Gallicum (Acid. Gallic.), Gallic Acid, U.S.P.=
An odorless, almost white powder, with an astringent taste. Soluble
in water (1:87) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:4.6) and in
glycerin (1:10).
ACTION AND USES: Mild astringent; not very effective.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
=Acidum Hydriodicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydriod. Dil.), Diluted Hydriodic
Acid, U.S.P.=--HI (about 10%).
A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste.
Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, also with metallic
oxides and salts of silver and of lead.
ACTION AND USES: Has the general properties of iodides.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted. Administered
chiefly in the form of syrup as a substitute for the
alkali iodides, over which it has no material advantage.
_Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici (Syr. Acid. Hydriod.), Syrup of Hydriodic
Acid, U.S.P._--Hydriodic acid (about 1.25%).
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrobrom. Dil.), Diluted
Hydrobromic Acid, U.S.P.=--HBr (about 10%).
A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste.
Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides
and the salts of silver and of lead.
ACTION AND USES: In general, those of bromides; but
the preparation is objectionable because of its acidity.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.
=*Acidum Hydrochloricum (Acid. Hydrochl.), Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P.=
(Muriatic Acid).--HCl (about 32%).
A fuming, corrosive liquid. Incompatible with alkalies and their
carbonates, metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.
ACTION AND USES: Used in gastric hypoacidity; also as
caustic; antiseptic.
_*Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrochl. Dil.), Diluted
Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P._--HCl (about 10%).
A colorless, odorless, strongly acid solution.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), after meals,
diluted in one-half to one glass water and taken through
a glass tube to protect the teeth.
=Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrocyan. Dil.), Diluted
Hydrocyanic Acid, U.S.P.= (Diluted Prussic Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanicum
Dilutum, P.I.).--HCN (about 2%).
A colorless liquid, with an odor like that of bitter almonds.
ACTION AND USES: Said to be sedative. Was formerly
used as an addition to cough mixtures and as an antiemetic
but, because of its poisonous properties and instability, is
no longer used to the same extent.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.)--not drops.
=Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Acid. Hypophos.), Hypophosphorous Acid,
U.S.P.=--H{3}PO{2} (about 31%).
A colorless, odorless liquid.
ACTION AND USES: Ingredient of compound hypophosphite
preparations.
_Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum (Acid. Hypophos. Dil.), Diluted
Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P._--H{3}PO{2} (about 10%).
A colorless, odorless liquid with a strong acid taste.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.
=Acidum Lacticum (Acid. Lact.), Lactic Acid, U.S.P.=--Equivalent to
about 87 per cent. lactic acid.
A colorless or nearly colorless, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid,
with an acid taste. Miscible with water.
ACTION AND USES: Caustic; seldom used internally.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.
=*Acidum Nitricum (Acid. Nitric.), Nitric Acid, U.S.P.=--HNO{3} (about
68%).
A colorless, fuming, very corrosive liquid with a suffocating odor.
Miscible with water.
ACTION AND USES: Caustic.
=Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl.), Nitrohydrochloric
Acid, U.S.P.= (Aqua Regia, Nitromuriatic Acid).--A mixture of
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrosyl chloride and chlorine.
A golden-yellow, fuming, very corrosive liquid. Miscible with
water.
ACTION AND USES: Caustic. Formerly thought to be a
"hepatic stimulant," but acts much like other mineral acids.
_Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl. Dil.), Diluted
Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P._ (Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid).--An
aqueous solution of about one-fifth the strength of nitrohydrochloric
acid; should be freshly prepared.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.
=Acidum Oleicum (Acid. Oleic.), Oleic Acid, U.S.P.=--Obtained from fats.
A yellowish or brownish-yellow, oily liquid, having a lard-like
odor and taste. Practically insoluble in water, partially soluble
in 60 per cent. alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Solvent for making oleates.
=*Acidum Phenylcinchoninicum (Acid. Phenylcinch.), Phenylcinchoninic
Acid, U.S.P.= (Phenyl-Quinoline-Carboxylic Acid, Atophan).
A white or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder with a
bitter taste. Insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in cold
alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Increases the excretion of uric acid
and diminishes its concentration in the blood. Analgesic.
Has been used in acute and chronic gout.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in tablets or
powder.
=Acidum Phosphoricum (Acid. Phos.), Phosphoric Acid, U.S.P.=--H{3}PO{4}
(about 86.5%).
A colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid having a strongly acid taste.
Miscible with water. Incompatible with alkalies, alkali carbonates,
ferric chloride, lead acetate and solutions of lime.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid.
Has none of the therapeutic properties of free phosphorus.
_Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (Acid. Phos. Dil.), Diluted Phosphoric
Acid, U.S.P._--H{3}PO{4} (about 10%).
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.
_Liquor Phosphatum Acidus (Liq. Phos. Acid.), Acid Solution of
Phosphates, N.F._ (Solution of Acid Phosphates).--Made by dissolving
precipitated calcium carbonate (5%) in phosphoric acid and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Liquor Phosphatum Compositus (Liq. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of
Phosphates, N.F._--Phosphates of calcium, iron, ammonium, potassium and
sodium in citric acid, glycerin, orange flower water and water.
_Syrupus Phosphatum Compositum (Syr. Phos. Co.), Compound Syrup of the
Phosphates, N.F._ (Chemical Food).--Compound solution of phosphates
(50%), colored with tincture of cudbear, in glycerin and syrup.
USES: Antiquated and irrational "tonic."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina._--See under =Quininae
Hydrochloridum=.
=Acidum Picricum, Picric Acid.=--See =Trinitrophenol=.
=*Acidum Salicylicum (Acid. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid,
U.S.P.=--C{6}H{4}(OH)COOH.
A white, odorless powder, tasting first sweetish, subsequently
acrid. Slightly soluble in water (1:460), freely soluble in alcohol
(1:2.7) and in ether. Incompatible with solutions of iron and with
spirit of nitrous ether.
ACTION AND USES: Antirheumatic, antiseptic, germicide
and keratolytic.
DOSAGE: Internally 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.)
best given in the form of soluble salicylates (see =Sodii
Salicylas=). Externally in 10 per cent. ointment as a
keratolytic.
_Collodium Salicylici Compositum (Collod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound
Salicylic Collodion, N.F._--Salicylic acid (1.1%) and flexible collodion
colored with fluidextract of cannabis.
USES: A popular application for softening corns. The
cannabis can play no rôle beyond that of coloring agent.
_Glycerogelatinum Acidi Salicylici (Glycerogel. Acid. Salicyl.),
Salicylic Acid Glycerogelatin, N.F._--Salicylic acid (10%), in water,
glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.
_Mulla Acidi Salicylici (Mull. Ac. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid Mull, N.F._
(Unguentum Salicylatum Extensum, N.F. III).--Salicylic acid (10%), in
benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.
_Mulla Creosoti Salicylata (Mull. Creosot. Salicyl.), Salicylated
Creosote Mull, N.F._ (Unguentum Creosoti Salicylatum Extensum, N.F.
III).--Salicylic acid (10%), and creosote (20%) in yellow wax and
benzoinated suet.
_Pulvis Talci Compositus (Pulv. Talc. Co.), Compound Powder of Talc,
N.F._ (Boro-Salicylated Powder of Talc).--Salicylic acid (3%), boric
acid (10%) and talc.
USES: Toilet powder, used for local sweating.
_Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles (Stil. Acid. Salicyl. Dilub.),
Salicylic Acid Pencil, N.F._--Salicylic acid (10%) with tragacanth,
starch, white dextrin and sugar.
USES: For the application of salicylic acid to limited
areas
=Acidum Stearicum (Acid. Stear.), Stearic Acid, U.S.P.=--Obtained from
fats.
A white, hard, unctuous, odorless and tasteless substance. Soluble
in alcohol (1:21) and in chloroform (1:2), but insoluble in water.
USES: Used in making glycerin suppositories.
=Acidum Sulphuricum (Acid. Sulph.), Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.=--H{2}SO{4}
(about 94%).
A colorless, odorless, corrosive liquid. Miscible with water or
alcohol with evolution of much heat.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid.
Externally, the dilute acid is used as astringent.
_Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Acid. Sulph. Arom.), Aromatic Sulphuric
Acid, U.S.P._--A mixture, containing free sulphuric acid and
ethylsulphuric acid equivalent to about 20 per cent. of H{2}SO{4} in
alcohol, flavored with ginger and cinnamon. Absolute alcohol content
about 85 per cent.
A clear, reddish-brown liquid with an aromatic odor.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims, well diluted.
_Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Acid. Sulph. Dil.), Diluted Sulphuric Acid,
U.S.P._--H{2}SO{4} (about 10%).
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.
=*Acidum Tannicum (Acid. Tann.), Tannic Acid, U.S.P.= (Gallotannic Acid,
Tannin).--Usually obtained from nutgalls.
A yellowish-white to light brown powder, odorless or having a
faint, characteristic odor and a strongly astringent taste. Freely
soluble in glycerin (1:1) and very soluble in water and in alcohol.
Incompatible with soluble preparations of iron.
ACTION AND USES: Astringent; local hemostatic; antidote
for certain alkaloidal and metallic poisons.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Collodium Stypticum (Collod. Stypt.), Styptic Collodion, N.F._--Tannic
acid (20%) and flexible collodion. There is no advantage in applying
tannin as collodion.
_*Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Glycer. Acid. Tann.), Glycerite of Tannic
Acid, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Tannin).--Tannic acid (20%) in glycerin.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Trochisci Acidi Tannici (Troch. Acid. Tann.), Troches of Tannic Acid,
U.S.P._--Each troche contains tannic acid (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with
sugar and tragacanth, flavored with orange flower.
_Unguentum Acidi Tannici (Ung. Acid. Tann.), Ointment of Tannic Acid,
U.S.P._--Tannic acid (20%), in glycerin and ointment.
=Acidum Tartaricum (Acid. Tart.), Tartaric Acid, U.S.P.=--Obtained from
wine lees or argol.
A white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Very soluble in water
(1:0.75) and in alcohol (1:3.3).
ACTION AND USES: Mild acid; used in the manufacture
of effervescent salts.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains, diluted.
=Acidum Trichloraceticum (Acid. Trichloracet.), Trichloracetic Acid,
U.S.P.=--CCl{3}.COOH.
Colorless, deliquescent crystals with a slight characteristic odor.
Miscible with water and with alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Caustic, for the removal of warts and
other skin blemishes. Used also as local hemostatic.
=Aconitina (Aconitin.), Aconitine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from
aconite.
A white, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water, soluble
in alcohol (1:28) and in ether (1:65).
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those described under
aconite. As several alkaloidal preparations of aconite, of
varying activity, are sold under the name of aconitine, its
use is not advisable.
DOSAGE: 0.15 mg. or 1/400 grain (U.S.P.).
_Oleatum Aconitinae (Oleat. Aconitin.), Oleate of Aconitine,
N.F._--Aconitine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.
USES: Without advantage over aconite preparations for
external application.
=*Aconitum (Aconit.), Aconite, U.S.P.= (Monkshood, Aconite Root, Aconiti
Tuber, P.I.).--A tuberous root, yielding about 0.5 per cent. of
ether-soluble alkaloids; also assayed biologically. Physicians should
specify preparations that have been assayed biologically, since the
alkaloidal assay is not a reliable index of activity.
ACTION AND USES: Slows the pulse and lowers the blood
pressure, but this action in therapeutic doses is uncertain.
Used in the treatment of febrile colds; also for counter-irritation,
in the form of the tincture. Used also as a local
anesthetic, and by some still believed to be useful in the
treatment of the symptoms arising from excessive cardiac
hypertrophy. Toxic symptoms may occur from local
absorption.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.); not used as
such.
_Extractum Aconiti (Ext. Aconit.), Extract of Aconite, U.S.P._ (Powdered
Extract of Aconite).--Yields about 2 per cent. of ether-soluble
alkaloids. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.
DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe extract of aconite should specify the biologically
assayed product.
_Fluidextractum Aconiti (Fldext. Aconit.), Fluidextract of Aconite,
U.S.P._--Aconite (100%), yielding about 0.5 per cent. of alkaloids.
Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent. Biologically assayed by
producing death in the guinea-pig.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe fluidextract of aconite should specify the
biologically assayed product. Best to use the tincture.
_Linimentum Aconiti et Chloroformi (Lin. Aconit. et Chlorof.), Liniment
of Aconite and Chloroform, N.F._--Fluidextract of aconite (4.5%), in
alcohol, chloroform and soap liniment.
*_Tinctura Aconiti (Tr. Aconit.), Tincture of Aconite, U.S.P._ (Aconiti
Tinctura, P.I.).--Aconite (10%) yielding about 0.05 per cent. of
alkaloids, in alcohol and water. Alkaloidal assay unreliable.
Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig. Absolute
alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
should specify the biologically assayed product.
=*Adeps (Adeps), Lard, U.S.P.=
Insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Basis for ointments. Used particularly
when absorption is desired.
_*Adeps Benzoinatus (Adeps Benz.), Benzoinated Lard, U.S.P._--Somewhat
antiseptic and less liable to rancidity than ordinary lard.
_Unguentum (Ung.), Ointment, U.S.P._ (Simple Ointment).--White wax (20%)
and benzoinated lard.
=Adeps Lanae (Adeps Lan.), Wool Fat, U.S.P.= (Anhydrous
Lanolin).--Purified wool fat, freed from water.
Insoluble in but miscible with about twice its weight of water;
sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Basis for ointments; because of its
tenacious consistency, should be mixed with some other
base.
_*Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Adeps Lan. Hyd.), Hydrous Wool Fat, U.S.P._
(Lanolin).--Wool fat with about 27 per cent. of water.
USES: Ointment used particularly when absorption
through the skin is desired; mixed with white petrolatum
or lard.
=Adonis (Adonis), Adonis, N.F.= (Pheasant's Eye).--The plant deprived of
its root.
ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group, but
of unreliable activity.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Adonidis (Fldext. Adonid.), Fluidextract of Adonis,
N.F._--Adonis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Cc. or 2 minims (N.F.).
=*Aether (Aether), Ether, U.S.P.=--Contains about 96.5 per cent. of
ethyl oxide.
A clear, colorless, very inflammable liquid with a characteristic
odor and a burning, sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1:12), and
miscible with alcohol, chloroform, petroleum benzin, benzene, and
fixed or volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: General anesthetic, administered by
inhalation; when administered by mouth, carminative.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.
_*Spiritus Aetheris (Sp. Aeth.), Spirit of Ether, U.S.P._ (Hoffmann's
Drops).--Ether (32.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per
cent.
USES: Carminative and fugacious indirect circulatory
stimulant.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
_Spiritus Aetheris Compositus (Sp. Aether. Co.), Compound Spirit of
Ether, N.F._ (Hoffmann's Anodyne).--Ether (32.5%), ethereal oil (2.5%)
and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
USES: A superfluous modification of spirit of ether.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Aether Aceticus (Aeth. Acet.), Acetic Ether, N.F.= (Ethyl Acetate).
A colorless, fragrant liquid, with a burning taste.
ACTION AND USES: Carminative, similar to and without
special advantage over ether. Also used pharmaceutically,
as flavoring ingredient.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Aether Nitrosus, Nitrous Ether.=--Ethyl nitrite.
_*Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi (Sp. Aeth. Nitros.), Spirit of Nitrous
Ether, U.S.P._ (Sweet Spirit of Nitre).--Ethyl nitrite (about 4%) in
alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.
ACTION AND USES: Popularly used as a weak diuretic
and diaphoretic. Unstable and therefore unreliable. Has
the physiologic action of a weak nitrite.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Aethylis Carbamas (Aethyl. Carbam.), Ethyl Carbamate, U.S.P.= (Carbamic
Acid Ethyl Ester, Urethane, Ethyl Urethane).
Colorless, odorless crystals or scales, with a cooling, saline
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.45) and in alcohol (1:0.8).
Incompatible with alkalies, acids and most other chemicals.
ACTION AND USES: Very mild and relatively harmless
hypnotic.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in powder,
cachets or solution.
=*Aethylis Chloridum (Aethyl. Chlor.), Ethyl Chloride,
U.S.P.=--Monochlorethane, CH{3}CH{2}Cl.
A colorless, very volatile liquid, with an agreeable odor and a
sweetish, burning taste. The vapor is very inflammable. Slightly
soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol and in ether.
ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic for minor operations.
Used in the form of a spray to produce intense cold.
Has also been used by inhalation as general anesthetic in
short operations.
=*Aethylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Aethylmorph. Hydrochl.), Ethylmorphine
Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Ethylmorphine Chloride, Dionin).
A white, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Very
soluble in water (1:8) and soluble in alcohol (1:22).
ACTION AND USES: Systemically, intermediate between
those of morphine and codeine. Probably possesses no
advantage over codeine. When applied to the eye it
causes local hyperemia terminating in acute conjunctival
edema.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). Used as 10
per cent. ointment or solution in corneal opacity and
similar conditions.
=Agar (Agar), Agar, U.S.P.= (Agar-Agar).--A mucilaginous substance
extracted from certain seaweeds.
Nearly white, almost odorless and tasteless strips, shreds or
powder, tough when damp, brittle when dry. Insoluble in cold water,
but slowly soluble in hot water.
ACTION AND USES: Passes through the intestinal canal
almost unchanged. Absorbs and retains moisture. Used
in chronic constipation with intestinal atony; renders the
feces soft and bulky and thus promotes peristalsis.
DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
=Agaricus (Agaric), Agaric, N.F.= (White Agaric, Larch Agaric).--The
fruit body of a fungus.
ACTION AND USES: Empirical and unreliable remedy for
night sweats of phthisis.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).
=*Alcohol (Alcohol), Alcohol, U.S.P.=--Not less than 92.3 per cent. by
weight or 94.9 per cent. by volume of C{2}H{5}OH.
A colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, with a characteristic
odor and burning taste. Freely miscible with water, ether or
chloroform.
ACTION AND USES: Rubefacient, astringent, antiseptic
and by its evaporation a refrigerant. Internally it is a
narcotic widely used as a "stimulant" but may do more
harm than good.
_Alcohol Dehydratum (Alcohol Dehyd.), Dehydrated Alcohol, U.S.P._
(Alcohol Absolutum, U.S.P. VIII).--Not less than 99 per cent. by weight
of C{2}H{5}OH.
A liquid with the same color, odor and taste as alcohol.
_Alcohol Dilutum (Alcohol Dil.), Diluted Alcohol, U.S.P._--About 41.5
per cent. by weight or 49 per cent. by volume of C{2}H{5}OH.
_*Elixir Aromaticum (Elix. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir, U.S.P._ (Simple
Elixir).--Compound spirit of orange in syrup, alcohol and distilled
water. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
USES: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content of this
preparation should not be overlooked.
_Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum (Elix. Arom. Rub.), Red Aromatic Elixir, N.F._
(Red Elixir).--Aromatic elixir colored with cudbear.
USES: Diluent and vehicle.
_Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elix. Glycyrrh.), Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._
(Elixir Adjuvans, U.S.P. VIII, Elixir of Licorice).--Fluidextract of
glycyrrhiza (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about
22 per cent.
USES: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content should
not be overlooked.
_Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir
of Glycyrrhiza, N.F._ (Aromatic Elixir of Licorice).--Fluidextract of
glycyrrhiza (12.5%), oil of clove, oil of cassia, oil of myristica, oil
of fennel and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per
cent.
USES: Flavoring vehicle.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.
=Aletris (Aletr.), Aletris, N.F.= (Unicorn Root, Colic Root, Star
Grass).--Rhizome and root.
ACTION AND USES: Simple bitter, without advantage over
gentian. Also used in proprietary "female remedies," without
good evidence of value.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Aletridis (Fldext. Aletrid.), Fluidextract of Aletris,
N.F._--Aletris (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Allium (Allium), Garlic, N.F.=
ACTION AND USES: Irritant expectorant; without advantage
over senega, terpin hydrate or asafetida.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Allii (Syr. Allii), Syrup of Garlic, N.F._--Garlic (20%) in
sugar and diluted acetic acid.
USES: Irritant expectorant.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Aloe (Aloe), Aloes, U.S.P.=--The inspissated juice of different
species of aloes, yielding Socotrine, Curaçao and Cape aloes,
respectively.
ACTION AND USES: Moderately active cathartic used in
the treatment of chronic constipation. Acts mostly on the
large intestine.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as pills.
_*Extractum Aloes (Ext. Aloes), Extract of Aloes, N.F._ (Powdered
Extract of Aloes).--An aqueous extract, 1 Gm. representing 2 Gm. of
aloes; diluted with starch. No material advantage over aloes.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).
_Pilulae ad Prandium (Pil. ad Prand.), Dinner Pills, N.F._
1. For dinner pills without additional specifications Pilulae Aloes et
Mastiches (which see), also called Lady Webster's Pills, should be
dispensed.
2. CHAPMAN'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes and mastic
(each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), and ipecac (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain),
with oil of fennel.
3. COLE'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes, mass of mercury
and jalap (each 0.078 Gm. or 1-1/4 grains), antimony and potassium
tartrate (0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) and syrup.
4. HALL'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1
grain) with extract of glycyrrhiza and soap.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes (Pil. Aloes), Pills of Aloes, U.S.P._--Each pill contains
aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with soap.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae (Pil. Aloe. et Asafoet.), Pills of Aloes
and Asafetida, N.F._--Each pill contains aloes and asafetida (each 0.09
Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with soap.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Ferri (Pil. Aloe. et Ferr.), Pills of Aloes and Iron,
N.F._--Each pill contains aloes and exsiccated ferrous sulphate (each
0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains), with aromatic powder and confection of rose.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (Pil. Aloe. et Mastich.), Pills of Aloes and
Mastic, N.F._ (Lady Webster's Dinner Pill).--Each pill contains aloes
(0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and mastic (0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain) with red rose.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae (Pil. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Pills of Aloes and
Myrrh, N.F._--Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and myrrh
(0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with aromatic powder and syrup.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Podophylli Compositae (Pil. Aloe. et Podoph. Co.),
Compound Pills of Aloes and Podophyllum, N.F._ (Janeway's Pills).--Each
pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.0325
Gm. or 1/2 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves and extract of
nux vomica (each 0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Podophylli (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et
Podoph.), Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Podophyllum, N.F._ (Pilulae
Triplices, N.F. III, Triplex Pills, Pilula Triplex).--Each pill contains
aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), mass of mercury (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and
resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain). These pills should not be
taken habitually.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Scammonii Compositae (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg.
et Scammon Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Scammony, N.F._
(Francis' Triplex Pills).--Each pill contains aloes, resin of scammony
and mass of mercury (each 0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), croton oil (0.0032
Cc. or 1/20 minim), oil of caraway (0.016 Cc. or 1/4 minim) and tincture
of aloes and myrrh. Should not be taken habitually.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pulvis Aloes et Canellae (Pulv. Aloe. et Canell.), Powder of Aloes and
Canella, N.F._ (Hiera Picra).--Aloes (80%) and canella.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Aloes (Tr. Aloes), Tincture of Aloes, U.S.P._--Aloes (10%) and
glycyrrhiza in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae (Tr. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Aloes and
Myrrh, N.F._--Represents aloes and myrrh (each 10%) and glycyrrhiza in
alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: Disagreeable cathartic.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=*Aloinum (Aloin.), Aloin, U.S.P.=--Obtained from aloes.
A yellow, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Slightly soluble in
water and soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of aloes; is more
easily absorbed, and has sometimes produced renal irritation.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.), as pills. In
chronic constipation, frequently given in doses of from
0.006 Gm. to 0.02 Gm., or 1/12 to 1/3 grain in combination
with extract of belladonna and strychnine.
_Pilulae Aloini Compositae (Pil. Aloin. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin,
N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of
podophyllum (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain), and pilular extract of belladonna
leaves (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae (Pil. A.S. et B.), Pills of
Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.013
Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain) and pilular
extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae Compositae (Pil. A.S. et B.
Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F._--Each
pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or
1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8
grain) and extract of cascara sagrada (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain).
USES: Needlessly complex mixture.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Laxativae Compositae (Pil. Lax. Co.), Compound Laxative Pills,
N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine
(0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008
Gm. or 1/8 grain) and ipecac (0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain) with glycyrrhiza
and syrup.
USES: Complex and superfluous preparation of aloin.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
=Althaea (Althaea), Althaea, U.S.P.= (Marsh Mallow Root).
ACTION AND USES: Demulcent and emollient; without
advantages over other drugs of the same kind, such as
chondrus, tragacanth, slippery elm and flaxseed.
_Species Pectorales (Spec. Pect.), Pectoral Species, N.F._ (Species ad
Infusum Pectorale, Breast Tea).--Althaea, coltsfoot, glycyrrhiza, anise,
mullein flowers and orris root.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Althaeae (Syr. Althae.), Syrup of Althaea, N.F._--Althaea (5%)
with alcohol, glycerin and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content
about 2.5 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Althaeae Folia (Althae. Fol.), Althaea Leaves, N.F.= (Marsh Mallow
Leaves).
ACTION AND USES: Domestic demulcent and emollient;
inferior for internal use to gums and for poultices to flaxseed.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Species Emollientes (Spec. Emoll.), Emollient Species, N.F._ (Emollient
Cataplasm).--Althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot, matricaria and
flaxseed. Emollient poultice is made by adding a suitable quantity of
hot water to this powder.
=*Alumen (Alum.), Alum, U.S.P.=--AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O or
AlK(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O. (The physician may indicate whether ammonium
alum or potassium alum is desired.)
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and possessing a
strongly astringent taste. Ammonium alum is somewhat less soluble
in water than is potassium alum, which is freely soluble in water
(1:7.2); both are insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Astringent, styptic and hemostatic.
Seldom administered internally.
DOSAGE: As a gargle, in from 1 to 5 per cent. solution
(somewhat injurious to the teeth); as an injection in gonorrhea,
in from 0.5 to 1 per cent. solution; as a lotion in
skin diseases, in 1 per cent. solution.
_*Alumen Exsiccatum (Alum. Exsic.), Exsiccated Alum, U.S.P._ (Alumen
Ustum, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum).--Anhydrous AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} or
anhydrous AlK(SO{4}){2}. (The composition of the desired salt may be
indicated.)
White, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Very slowly
soluble in water (1:14); insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used externally like alum, being more
escharotic.
=*Alumini Acetas, Aluminum Acetate.=--Normal aluminum acetate,
Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3}.
_Liquor Alumini Acetatis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.), Solution of Aluminum
Acetate, N.F._ (Liquor Burowii, Burow's Solution).--Contains normal
aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3} (about 5%).
USES: Popular astringent wash.
DOSAGE: Usually diluted with 15 parts of water
=Alumini Acetico-Tartras, Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate.=
_Liquor Alumini Acetico-Tartratis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.-Tart.), Solution
of Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate, N.F._--A solution of aluminum acetate and
tartrate obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in a mixture of
acetic and tartaric acids.
=Alumini Chloridum (Alum. Chlor.), Aluminum Chloride, N.F.=--AlCl{3} +
6H{2}O.
A nearly white deliquescent powder, with a sweetish, astringent
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3).
ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and astringent, without
advantage over alum.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
=Alumini Hydroxidum (Alum. Hydrox.), Aluminum Hydroxide,
U.S.P.=--Al(OH){3}.
A white, bulky, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water
and in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Mild astringent and desiccant, sometimes
used as a dusting powder.
=Alumini Subacetas, Aluminum Subacetate.=--Basic aluminum acetate,
Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH.
_*Liquor Alumini Subacetatis (Liq. Alumin. Subacet.), Solution of
Aluminum Subacetate, N.F._ (Liquor Alumini Acetatis, N.F.
III).--Contains basic aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH (about
8%).
USES: Astringent wash.
DOSAGE: Usually diluted with ten parts of water.
=Alumini Sulphas (Alum. Sulph.), Aluminum Sulphate,
N.F.=--Al{2}(SO{4}){3} + 16H{2}O.
A white, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Freely soluble
in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to and without advantage
over alum.
=*Ammonia (NH{3}).=
_*Aqua Ammoniae (Aq. Ammon.), Ammonia Water, U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 10%)
in water.
A liquid with a strong odor and a caustic, soapy taste. Loses NH{3}
readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.
USES: Local irritant and antacid, preferably as a liniment.
Fugacious indirect circulatory and respiratory
stimulant.
_Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Aq. Ammon. Fort.), Stronger Ammonia Water,
U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 28%) in water.
Loses NH{3} very readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.
_*Linimentum Ammoniae (Lin. Ammon.), Ammonia Liniment, U.S.P._ (Volatile
Liniment, Hartshorn Liniment).--Ammonia water (25%) in sesame oil.
USES: Popularly used as counterirritant.
_Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata (Lot. Ammon. Camph.), Ammoniated Camphor
Wash, N.F._ (Aqua Sedativa, N.F. III, Sedative Water, Eau Sédative de
Raspail).--Ammonia water (6%) and spirit of camphor (1%), in sodium
chloride and water.
USES: Counterirritant.
_Spiritus Ammoniae Anisatus (Sp. Ammon. Anis.), Anisated Spirit of
Ammonia, N.F._ (Liquor Ammoniae Anisatus, Anisated Solution of
Ammonia).--Ammonia water (20%) with anethol, in alcohol. Absolute
alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: Aromatic carminative preparation.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Ammonii Acetas, Ammonium Acetate.=--NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2}.
_Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Ammonium
Acetate, U.S.P._ (Spirit of Mindererus).--Contains NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2}
(not less than 7%).
USES: Diaphoretic and diuretic in fevers; of doubtful
value.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. et Ammon. Acet.), Solution
of Iron and Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P._ (Basham's Mixture).
USES: An antiquated preparation, without the special
advantages generally ascribed to it. Iron and acetates are
better prescribed separately.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
=Ammonii Benzoas (Ammon. Benz.), Ammonium Benzoate, U.S.P.=
A white, odorless or nearly odorless powder, with a bitterish
taste. Very soluble in water (1:10) and soluble in alcohol (1:35).
Incompatible with acids, fixed alkalies and ferric salts.
ACTION AND USES: Resembles sodium benzoate in its
action but is more irritant and has no advantage over it.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), in solution
=Ammonii Bromidum (Ammon. Brom.), Ammonium Bromide, U.S.P.=--NH{4}Br.
A white, odorless powder with a pungent saline taste. Incompatible
with nitrous ether.
ACTION AND USES: Those of the bromides; more irritant
than potassium bromide, over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.
_Elixir Ammonii Bromidi (Elix. Ammon. Brom.), Elixir of Ammonium
Bromide, N.F._--Ammonium bromide (8.5%), syrup, distilled water and
aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Trium Bromidorum (Elix. Tri. Brom.), Elixir of Three Bromides,
N.F._--Ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%),
with cudbear and compound elixir of almond. Absolute alcohol content
about 4 per cent.
USES: An irrational bromide mixture, as there is no good
evidence that the bases influence the bromide action
materially.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Ammonii Carbonas (Ammon. Carb.), Ammonium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A
mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate, yielding about
31 per cent. of NH{3}.
White, hard, translucent masses, with a strong ammoniacal odor and
a sharp, ammoniacal taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves
the carbamate and leaves the bicarbonate.
ACTION AND USES: Alkaline and nauseant liquefying
expectorant used in cough mixtures; also as reflex "diffusible"
stimulant in smelling salts.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.
_Mistura Pectoralis Stokes (Mist. Pect. Stokes), Stokes' Expectorant,
N.F._--Ammonium carbonate (1.75%), fluidextracts of senega and squill
(each 3.5%), camphorated tincture of opium (17.5%), water and syrup of
tolu. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
USES: Irrational expectorant mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_*Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus (Sp. Ammon. Arom.), Aromatic Spirit of
Ammonia, U.S.P._--Ammonium carbonate (3.4%), ammonia water (9%) and oils
of lemon, lavender and myristica in alcohol and distilled water.
Absolute alcohol content about 68 per cent.
USES: Useful aromatic alkali and carminative in flatulence,
colic, etc.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=*Ammonii Chloridum (Ammon. Chlor.), Ammonium Chloride,
U.S.P.=--NH{4}Cl.
A white, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in
water (1:2.6) and soluble in alcohol (1:100).
ACTION AND USES: Liquefying expectorant; used in cough
mixtures, and in the treatment of inflammation of the air-passages.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or
lozenges.
_Mistura Ammonii Chloridi (Mist. Ammon. Chlor.), Mixture of Ammonium
Chloride, N.F._ (Mistura Solvens Simplex).--Ammonium chloride (2.5%) and
pure extract of glycyrrhiza in water.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi (Troch. Ammon. Chlor.), Troches of Ammonium
Chloride, U.S.P._--Each troche contains ammonium chloride (0.1 Gm.) with
extract of glycyrrhiza, tragacanth and sugar, flavored with syrup of
tolu.
=Ammonii Citras, Ammonium Citrate.=
_Liquor Ammonii Citratis (Liq. Ammon. Cit.), Solution of Ammonium
Citrate, N.F._--Ammonium citrate (14.47%) in water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Ammonii Hypophosphis (Ammon. Hypophos.), Ammonium Hypophosphite,
N.F._--NH{4}H{2}PO{2}.
Colorless plates or white powder, odorless, with a saline, bitter
taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol (1:20).
ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without material
advantage over ammonium chloride.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Ammonii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ammon. Hypophos.), Syrup of
Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Ammonium hypophosphite (3.5%) and diluted
hypophosphorous acid, flavored with compound spirit of vanillin, in
water, glycerin and syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ammonii Iodidum (Ammon. Iod.), Ammonium Iodide, U.S.P.=--NH{4}I.
White, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in
water (1:0.6), in alcohol (1:3.7) and in glycerin (1:1.5).
ACTION AND USES: Those of the iodides. More irritant
and less stable than sodium or potassium iodide, over
which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Linimentum Ammonii Iodidi (Lin. Ammon. Iod.), Liniment of Ammonium
Iodide, N.F._--Ammonium iodide (about 0.5%) with oil of rosemary, oil of
lavender, camphor, ammonia water and alcohol.
USES: Irrational preparation.
=Ammonii Phosphas (Ammon. Phos.), Ammonium Phosphate, N.F.=--A mixture
of (NH{4}){2}HPO{4} and NH{4}H{2}PO{4}.
Colorless crystals or white powder. Freely soluble in water (1:4),
but insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage over
sodium phosphate.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
=Ammonii Salicylas (Ammon. Salicyl.), Ammonium Salicylate, U.S.P.=
White, odorless crystals or powder with a bitterish taste. Very
soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3). Incompatible with
acids and fixed alkalies.
ACTION AND USES: Those of salicylates; without advantage
over sodium salicylate.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
=Ammonii Valeras (Ammon. Valer.), Ammonium Valerate, U.S.P.= (Ammonium
Valerianate).--Of variable composition.
White plates, with a valerian odor and a sharp, sweetish taste.
Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and in alcohol (1:0.6).
ACTION AND USES: Sedative in hysteria, depending on the
valeric odor. Not very effective.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Ammonii Valeratis (Elix. Ammon. Valer.), Elixir of Ammonium
Valerate, N.F._ (Elixir Ammonii Valerianatis, N.F. III).--Ammonium
valerate (3.5%) in red elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. The alcohol content
should be borne in mind.
=Amygdala Dulcis (Amygd. Dulc.), Sweet Almond, U.S.P.=
ACTION AND USES: Demulcent, especially as cosmetic.
_Emulsum Amygdalae (Emuls. Amygd.), Emulsion of Almond, U.S.P._ (Milk of
Almond).--Sweet almond, acacia, sugar and water.
=*Amylis Nitris (Amyl. Nitris), Amyl Nitrite, U.S.P.=--Not less than 80
per cent. C{5}H{11}NO{2} (chiefly iso-amyl nitrite).
A yellowish liquid, with a fruity odor and a pungent, aromatic
taste. Very volatile; almost insoluble in water, but miscible with
alcohol or ether.
ACTION AND USES: Prompt vasodilator, used especially
in spasms of angina pectoris, asthma and general convulsions.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), by inhalation.
=*Amylum (Amyl.), Starch, U.S.P.= (Corn Starch).
ACTION AND USES: Dusting powder and diluent.
_Glyceritum Amyli (Glycer. Amyl.), Glycerite of Starch, U.S.P._--Starch
(10%) and water (10%) in glycerin.
USES: Emollient and excipient.
=Anethol (Anethol), Anethol, N.F.=--The chief constituent of oil of
anise and oil of fennel.
A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a sweet taste and an odor of
anise; solid below 20 C. Almost insoluble in water, but freely
soluble in alcohol or ether.
ACTION AND USES: Carminative, etc. Similar to but
without advantage over oil of anise.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).
_Elixir Anisi (Elix. Anis.), Elixir of Anise, N.F._--Anethol, oil of
fennel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute
alcohol content about 23 per cent.
USES: Carminative and flavor.
DOSAGE: For infants, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Angelicae Fructus (Angel. Fruct.), Angelica Fruit, N.F.= (Angelica
Seed).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic stomachic and carminative;
without advantage over gentian.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
=Angelicae Radix (Angel. Rad.), Angelica Root, N.F.=
ACTION AND USES: Stimulating expectorant; without
advantage over tolu.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Angelicae Radicis (Fldext. Angel. Rad.), Fluidextract of
Angelica Root, N.F._--Angelica root (100%). Absolute alcohol content
about 85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Anisum (Anis.), Anise, U.S.P.= (Aniseed).
ACTION AND USES: Carminative. (See =Oleum Anisi=).
=*Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Antim. et Pot. Tart.), Antimony and
Potassium Tartrate, U.S.P.= (Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate, Tartrated
Antimony, Tartar Emetic).
A white, odorless powder with a sweet, metallic taste. Soluble in
water (1:12) and in glycerin (1:15); insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Nauseant expectorant and emetic.
Emetic doses and the prolonged use of expectorant doses
are somewhat dangerous. Externally, a pustulant.
DOSAGE: Expectorant, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.),
in solution. It is best to begin with small doses (0.001 Gm.
or 1/60 grain) which may be repeated hourly, care being
taken to avoid too great depression.
_Vinum Antimonii (Vin. Antimon.), Wine of Antimony, N.F._--Antimony and
potassium tartrate (0.4%), in water and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol
content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Antimonii Oxidum (Antim. Oxid.), Antimony Oxide, N.F.=--Antimonous
oxide, Sb{2}O{3}.
A white or grayish-white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in
water and in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete nauseant, emetic and
cathartic. Action uncertain and possibly toxic.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).
_Pulvis Antimonialis (Pulv. Antimon.), Antimonial Powder, N.F._ (James'
Powder).--Antimonous oxide (33%) and precipitated calcium phosphate.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
=Antimonium Sulphuratum (Antim. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Antimony, N.F.=
(Antimonium Oxysulphuratum, Kermes Mineral).--Chiefly antimony
trisulphide, Sb{2}S{3}.
A red-brown, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in
alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Mineral cathartic, without advantage
over calomel. Has no special action on the bile, as was
formerly supposed.
_Pilulae Antimonii Compositae (Pil. Antimon. Co.), Compound Pills of
Antimony, N.F._ (Plummer's Pills).--Each pill contains sulphurated
antimony and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain),
guaiac (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), and castor oil.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
=*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P.= (Phenazone,
Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely
soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).
ACTION AND USES: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to
acetanilid.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution,
given with even greater caution than acetanilid and
acetphenetidin
=Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F.= (Celery Seed).
ACTION AND USES: Domestic emmenagogue, depending
for its action on the volatile oil.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of
Celery Fruit, N.F._--Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F.= (Canadian Hemp).--Rhizome and
roots.
ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group;
unreliable as to rate of absorption.
DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum,
N.F._ (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).--Apocynum (100%). Absolute
alcohol content about 50 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).
=*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine
Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Apomorphine Chloride).
White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air,
odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50)
and in alcohol (1:50).
ACTION AND USES: Prompt, centrally acting emetic,
especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely
used as nauseant expectorant.
DOSAGE: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).
Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have
produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis.
From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated
once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth
(hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain
(U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain
(U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals
until effective, but it should be remembered that in some
cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing
vomiting.
=*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.=--H{2}O.
ACTION AND USES: Solvent. The ingestion of large
amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.
_*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Water obtained
by distillation.
_Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled
Water, U.S.P._--Should be used within forty-eight hours after its
preparation.
=AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.=--The official aromatic waters are
aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They
are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For
preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal
constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective
oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and
Aqua Menthae Viridis.
=Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F.= (American Spikenard, Spignet).--Rhizome
and roots.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and
"alterative." Probably without value.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia,
N.F._--Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.=--AgNO{3}.
Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of
organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter,
metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in
alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic
matter.
ACTION AND USES: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic
and germicide; internally as an astringent.
DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in
kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use
vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness
of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled
water should be used in making the solutions.
_*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P._
(Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).--AgNO{3} toughened by the
addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.
White, hard pencils or cones.
=Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.=--Ag{2}O.
A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste.
Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably
inefficient.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
=Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P.= (Arnica Flowers).
ACTION AND USES: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally
to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with
water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient
of the tincture is probably its alcohol.
_Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica,
N.F._--Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
_Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P._--Arnica
(20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
=Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P.= (Arsenic
Iodide).--AsI{3}.
An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with
partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide,
over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.),
Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P._ (Donovan's
Solution).--Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).
=*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P.= (Arsenous
Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).--As{2}O{3}.
Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder.
Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol
and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by
hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.
ACTION AND USES: Believed to modify nutrition. Used
as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases
and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic,
but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use.
Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.
DOSAGE: 0.002 Gm. or 1/30 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.
_*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid,
U.S.P._ (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, "Solution of Arsenic
Chloride").--Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and
water.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.
=*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P.= (Gum Asafetida).--A gum
resin.
Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used as a carminative and also in the
treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.
_Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P._
(Milk of Asafetida).--Asafetida (4%) in water.
USES: Used especially as enema in tympanites.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P._--Each
pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida,
U.S.P._--Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81
per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
=Asarum (Asar.), Asarum, N.F.= (Canada Snake-Root. Wild
Ginger).--Rhizome.
ACTION AND USES: Carminative and flavor; similar to
but without advantage over ginger.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum,
N.F._--Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal
and potassium carbonate in syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F.= (Pleurisy Root).
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy,
also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of
Asclepias, N.F._--Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40
per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P.= (Male Fern).--The rhizome of
certain ferns.
ACTION AND USES: Used as a teniacide in the form of
oleoresin.
_*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P._
(Oleoresin of Male Fern).
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.),
which may be given singly or in repeated, divided
doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing
0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be
given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in
giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient
should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four
hours. The drug should be given early in the morning,
preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed
in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:--Castor
oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection
with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption
of the active principle.
=Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P.= (Quebracho).--A bark.
ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended in dyspneic
conditions. Value doubtful.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of
Aspidosperma, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Quebracho).--Aspidosperma (100%).
Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from
belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.
A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but
freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).
ACTION AND USES: Atropine and the related alkaloids
paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used
especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions,
as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart,
regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.
DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).
_Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F._--Atropine
(2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.
=*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.=
White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in
alcohol (1:5).
DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).
=Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel,
U.S.P.=
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally
as a flavoring.
_Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of
Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol
content about 60 per cent.
_Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange
Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute
alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
_Vinum Aurantii Compositum (Vin. Aurant. Co.), Compound Wine of Orange,
N.F._ (Elixir Aurantiorum Compositum, Compound Elixir of
Orange).--Bitter orange peel, absinthium, menyanthes, cascarilla, Saigon
cinnamon and gentian, extracted with potassium carbonate in sherry wine.
Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
USES: Objectionable alcoholic "bitter."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Aurant Dulc. Cort.), Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.=
ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.
_Syrupus Aurantii (Syr. Aurant.), Syrup of Orange, U.S.P._--Tincture of
sweet orange peel in syrup.
_Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis (Tr. Aurant. Dulc.), Tincture of Sweet Orange
Peel, U.S.P._--Sweet orange peel from fresh fruit (50%) in alcohol.
Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=Aurantii Flores, Bitter Orange Flowers.=
ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.
_Aqua Aurantii Florum (Aq. Aurant. Flor.), Orange Flower Water,
U.S.P._--Stronger orange flower water in water.
_Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior (Aq. Aurant. Flor. Fort.), Stronger Orange
Flower Water, U.S.P._--Prepared by distillation of bitter orange flowers
with water. Must be free from mucilaginous growths.
_Syrupus Aurantii Florum (Syr. Aurant. Flor.), Syrup of Orange Flowers,
U.S.P._--Sugar in orange flower water.
=Auri et Sodii Chloridum (Aur. et Sod. Chlor.), Gold and Sodium
Chloride, U.S.P.=--Equal parts of AuCl{3} and NaCl.
An orange-yellow, odorless, deliquescent powder with a saline,
metallic taste. Very soluble in water.
ACTION AND USES: Preparations of gold have been
employed in medicine for the most varied conditions without
any real evidence of usefulness.
DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).
=*Balsamum Peruvianum (Bals. Peruv.), Balsam of Peru, U.S.P.= (Peru
Balsam).
Dark brown, viscid liquid, with a vanilla-like odor and a bitter,
acrid taste. Soluble in alcohol or chloroform; only partially
soluble in ether or petroleum benzin; practically insoluble in
water.
ACTION AND USES: Externally in the form of ointments
or alcoholic solutions as a stimulant to indolent wounds
and ulcers and in the treatment of scabies.
=*Balsamum Tolutanum (Bals. Tolu.), Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P.= (Tolu
Balsam).
Yellowish-brown or brown, plastic solid, becoming brittle when old,
dried or exposed to cold, and having a vanilla-like odor and a
mild, aromatic taste. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol,
chloroform and ether.
ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as an expectorant;
used chiefly in the form of the syrup, which is little
more than a pleasantly flavored vehicle.
_*Syrupus Tolutanus (Syr. Tolu.), Syrup of Tolu, U.S.P._--Tincture of
tolu (5%) in syrup.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Tolutana (Tr. Tolu.), Tincture of Tolu, U.S.P._--Balsam of
tolu (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Baptisia (Baptis.), Baptisia, N.F.= (Wild Indigo Root).
ACTION AND USES: Without any definite known action;
formerly used in typhoid fever and diseases showing similar
symptoms.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Baptisiae (Fldext. Baptis.), Fluidextract of Baptisia,
N.F._--Baptisia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Belladonnae Folia (Bellad. Fol.), Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P.= (Deadly
Nightshade Leaves, Belladonnae Folium, P.I.).--Yield not less than 0.3
per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.
ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine
(which see) contained therein.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster,
U.S.P._--Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per
cent. of alkaloids.
ACTION AND USES: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic
and similar pains.
_*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of
Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm.
belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two
forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of
belladonna leaves.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of
Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._ (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)--Belladonna
leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol.
Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).
_*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment,
U.S.P._--Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol,
hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.
=Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P.= (Deadly
Nightshade Root).--Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic
alkaloids.
ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine
(which see) contained therein.
DOSAGE: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract
of Belladonna Root, U.S.P._--Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45
per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).
_Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment,
U.S.P._--Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%).
Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: A mildly analgesic and rubefacient application.
=Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.=--Produced
synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.
A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a
burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with
alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).
=Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin,
U.S.P.= (Petroleum Ether).
A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum
odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely
soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile
oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.
ACTION AND USES: Pharmaceutic solvent.
=*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P.= (Gum Benjamin).--A balsamic
resin.
ACTION AND USES: Used locally to promote healing, and
in inhalations as an expectorant.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin
(20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of
Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (10%), aloes (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu
(4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
USES: Protective and local stimulant, especially by
inhalation.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.=
(Saccharin, Glusidum).
A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even
in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble
(1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a
solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.
ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus;
about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.
=Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F.= (Oregon Grape Root).--Rhizome and
roots.
ACTION AND USES: Probably similar to, but without
advantage over, hydrastis.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of
Berberis, N.F._--Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine
Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as
Benzamine Hydrochloride).
A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol
(1:35).
ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic.
DOSAGE: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5
to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.
=*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Naphthol).
Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish
powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly
soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).
ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than
phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as
intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.
DOSAGE: Internally, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Externally as a 3 to 5 per cent. ointment.
_Pasta Betanaphtholis (Past. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Paste, N.F._
(Lassar's Naphthol Paste).--Betanaphthol (10%) and precipitated sulphur
(50%) in petrolatum and soft soap.
_Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis (Petrox. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol
Petroxolin, N.F._ (Betanaphthol Petrox).--Betanaphthol (10%) in liquid
petroxolin.
=Bismuthi Betanaphtholas (Bism. Betanaph.), Bismuth Betanaphthol,
U.S.P.= (Bismuth Betanaphtholate; also sold as Orphol).--Of somewhat
varying composition.
A buff-colored or grayish-brown, nearly odorless, tasteless powder.
Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used as an intestinal antiseptic, being
decomposed into its constituents in the intestine, where it
exerts the effects of bismuth salts and of betanaphthol.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium
Citrate, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).
Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder,
with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble
in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Somewhat astringent and irritating;
should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts
of bismuth. Its use in "bismuth elixirs" is irrational.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
=Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.=
USES: An irrational method of administering bismuth.
_Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite
of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute
alcohol content about 10 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr.
et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F._ (Elixir
Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal,
with Iron and Bismuth).--Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of
cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol
content about 17 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F._--A
solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.
_Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of
bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).
=Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.=
_Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of
Bismuth).--A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth
subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.
USES: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over
which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate,
U.S.P.=--Of varying chemical composition.
White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in
water or alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used like other insoluble salts of
bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds,
diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or
cachets or in suspension (best form)
=*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P.=
(Dermatol).--A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.
Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or
alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate,
over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.=--Basic
bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.
A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble
in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures,
incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of
nitric acid.
ACTION AND USES: Somewhat more astringent than the
subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably
administered as a powder or as cachets.
=Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate,
U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.
A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost
insoluble in water or alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Protective and astringent like other
insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked
advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F.= (Boldo Leaves).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic.
No well defined indications for its use.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo,
N.F._--Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F.= (Kousso, Cusso).--Flowers.
ACTION AND USES: Teniacide; without advantage over
aspidium or pelletierine.
DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).
_Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F._--Brayera
(6%) in water.
DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).
=Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.=--CHBr{3}.
A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet
taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and
miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as a sedative
in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to
its value.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved
in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is
too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.
=Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.=--Br.
Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor
resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely
soluble in alcohol or ether.
ACTION AND USES: Violent irritant; seldom used in
medicine.
_Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F._, (Smith's
Solution of Bromine).--Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.
USES: Antiseptic and irritant
=Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F.= (Bryony).--Root.
ACTION AND USES: Drastic resinous cathartic; without
advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia,
etc.; of doubtful value.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F._--Bryonia
(10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P.= (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).
ACTION AND USES: At one time largely used as antiseptic
and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value
doubtful.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Fluidextract of
buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content
about 35 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu,
N.F._--Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute
alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir
of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%) and
elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu,
U.S.P._--Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound
Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F._--Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi
(each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
USES: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F.= (Prepared Cacao, Soluble
Cocoa).
ACTION AND USES: Beverage and flavor
=Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.= (Night
Blooming Cereus).--Fresh stems.
ACTION AND USES: Used in neurotic heart disturbances;
results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.
_Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus
Grandiflorus, N.F._--Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute
alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P.= (Theine).--An alkaloid obtained
from coffee or tea.
White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in
water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).
ACTION AND USES: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and
psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning
by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache.
Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the
acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is
uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.
_Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Caffeine
and citric acid equal parts.
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or
capsules.
_Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated
Caffeine, U.S.P._--Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium
tartrate and citrate.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.
=*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate,
U.S.P.=--Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely
soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly
soluble in chloroform.
ACTION AND USES: The form of caffeine usually employed
for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.
DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.);
hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
=Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine
Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.=--Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium
salicylate.
White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.)
=Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F.= (Lapis
Calaminaris).--Native zinc carbonate.
A pink powder. Insoluble in water.
ACTION AND USES: Protective, similar to zinc oxide,
over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic
advantage of being slightly pink.
_Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F._,
(Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner's
Cerate).--Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.
=Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.=--Hydrated
calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr{2}).
A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste.
Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible
with alkali carbonates and phosphates.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to but more irritant than
sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage,
although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in
aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder
or cachets.
_Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide,
N.F._--Calcium bromide (8.5%) diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup,
distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated
Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P.= (Precipitated Chalk).--CaCO{3}.
A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in
water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution
of carbon dioxide.
ACTION AND USES: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth
powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas,
etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been
used as an application to burns as an antacid and
protective.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in
suspension
=*Calcii Chloridum (Calc. Chlor.), Calcium Chloride, U.S.P.=--Hydrated
calcium chloride (not less than 75 per cent. of CaCl{2}).
White, hard, deliquescent, odorless masses or granules, with a
sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.62), and freely
soluble in alcohol (1:10).
ACTION AND USES: Used for the oral administration of
calcium. Employed in hemorrhagic conditions, in which
it is probably useless. Has also been advised in inflammatory
conditions of the skin and mucous membranes
(urticaria, serum-rashes, hay-fever, etc.).
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
=Calcii Glycerophosphas (Calc. Glycerophos.), Calcium Glycerophosphate,
U.S.P.= (Calcium Glycerinophosphate).--CaC{3}H{7}O{6}P.
White, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Soluble in water (1:50)
and insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Formerly believed to be a tonic, and
used especially in neurasthenia, to improve the nutrition of
the nervous system. There is no reliable evidence that it
has any value.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Elixir Calcii et Sodii Glycerophosphatum (Elix. Calc. et Sod.
Glycerophos.), Elixir of Calcium and Sodium Glycerophosphates, N.F._
(Elixir Glycerophosphatum N.F. III).--Solution of sodium
glycerophosphate (2.5%), calcium glycerophosphate (0.875%), phosphoric
acid (0.8%), in glycerin, aromatic elixir and distilled water. Absolute
alcohol content about 7 per cent.
USES: An irrational and inefficient "tonic" mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Hypophosphis (Calc. Hypophos.), Calcium Hypophosphite,
U.S.P.=--Ca(PH{2}O{2}){2}.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a nauseous,
bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:6.5) and insoluble in
alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: The hypophosphites were introduced
as of special value in tuberculosis; later they were used as
general reconstructive tonics, but there is no experimental
or reliable clinical evidence that the hypophosphite radical
has any value as such. Calcium hypophosphite must be
regarded merely as a means of administering calcium.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in syrups.
_Elixir Calcii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Calc. Hypophos.), Elixir of Calcium
Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in aromatic elixir.
Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Hypophosphitum (Elix. Hypophos.), Elixir of Hypophosphites,
N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (5.25%), sodium hypophosphite and potassium
hypophosphite (each 1.75%) in water, glycerin, compound spirit of
cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri._--See under =Ferri Hypophosphis=.
_Liquor Hypophosphitum (Liq. Hypophos.), Solution of Hypophosphites,
N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), sodium hypophosphite (2%) and
potassium hypophosphite (1.75%) in water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Liquor Hypophosphitum Compositus (Liq. Hypophos. Co.), Compound
Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and potassium
hypophosphite (each 0.85%), sodium hypophosphite (0.22%), ferric
hypophosphite (0.44%) and manganese hypophosphite (0.22%), quinine
hypophosphite (0.22%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.007%) and potassium
citrate in orange flower water, glycerin and water.
USES: Complex and irrational mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii et Sodii Hypophosphitum (Syr. Calc. et Sod. Hypophos.),
Syrup of Calcium and Sodium Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite
and sodium hypophosphite (each 3.5%), in sugar and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Calc. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium
Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in sugar and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Hypophosphites,
U.S.P._--Calcium hypophosphite (4.5%), potassium hypophosphite and
sodium hypophosphite (each 1.5%) in glycerin and syrup.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus (Syr. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Syrup
of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), potassium
hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), ferric
hypophosphite and manganese hypophosphite (each 0.225%), quinine
(0.11%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.0123%) and sodium citrate (0.375%)
in glycerin and syrup.
USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational "tonic."
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Calcii Iodidum, Calcium Iodide.=
_Syrupus Calcii Iodidi (Syr. Calc. Iodid.), Syrup of Calcium Iodide,
N.F._--Represents calcium iodide (8.75%) in syrup.
USES: Superfluous, whether regarded as a calcium preparation
or as an iodide preparation.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims
=*Calcii Lactas (Calc. Lact.), Calcium Lactate,
U.S.P.=--Ca(C{3}H{5}O{3}){2} + 5H{2}O.
White, odorless, practically tasteless masses or powder. Soluble in
water (1:20) and almost insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used for the characteristic action of
calcium; less irritating and therefore better adapted to
hypodermic administration than calcium chloride (which
see).
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution
=Calcii Lactophosphas (Calc. Lactophos.), Calcium Lactophosphate,
N.F.=--A mixture of calcium lactate and calcium acid lactate with
calcium acid phosphate.
White, odorless powder. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in
alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage
over the lactate. Not adapted to hypodermic use.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Elixir Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of
Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--Calcium lactophosphate (3%) in compound
spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol
content about 19 per cent. Small and probably inefficient quantities of
calcium.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix.
Cinchon., Ferr. et Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids,
Iron and Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et
Calcii Lactophosphatis, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Iron and
Lactophosphate of Lime).--Syrup of calcium lactophosphate (50%),
potassium citrate (3%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron.
Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
USES: An irrational mixture, supposed to present seven
active ingredients.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Lactophos.), Syrup of
Calcium Lactophosphate, U.S.P._--Made by dissolving precipitated calcium
carbonate (2.5%) in lactic acid (6%), phosphoric acid (3.6%) and a syrup
containing orange flower water.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis et Ferri (Syr. Calc. Lactophos. et
Ferr.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate and Iron, N.F._--Ferrous lactate
and potassium citrate (each 0.85%) and syrup of calcium lactophosphate
(about 99%).
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus (Calc. Phos. Praec.), Precipitated
Calcium Phosphate, N.F.=--Ca{3}(PO{4}){2}.
A bulky, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Practically insoluble
in water and insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Precipitated calcium phosphate has
been given in the form of powders or mixtures for its
action as a calcium salt, which is similar to but without
advantage over the action of the carbonate. Because of its
insolubility it is now seldom used.
USES: Similar to but without advantage over the
carbonate.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Hydrochlorophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Hydrochlorophos.),
Syrup of Calcium Hydrochlorophosphate, N.F._ (Syrupus Calcii
Chlorhydrophosphatis, N.F. III).--Precipitated calcium phosphate (1.75%)
flavored with tincture of lemon peel and dissolved in hydrochloric acid,
water and syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Sulphidum Crudum (Calc. Sulphid. Crud.), Crude Calcium Sulphide,
U.S.P.= (Calx Sulphurata, U.S.P. VIII, Sulphurated Lime).--CaS (not less
than 55%).
A pale gray or yellowish powder, with a faint hydrogen sulphide
odor and a nauseous, alkaline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold
water, insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Externally, depilatory similar to
barium sulphide. Internally has been used to arrest and
prevent suppuration especially in boils, carbuncles and
pustular acne. There is no reliable evidence of its therapeutic
usefulness.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae (Liq. Calc. Sulphurat.), Solution of
Sulphurated Lime, N.F._ (Solution of Oxysulphuret of Calcium, Fleming's
Solution, Vleminckx' Solution, Vleminckx' Lotion).--A solution of
calcium polysulphides and calcium thiosulphate produced by boiling
together lime, sulphur and water.
USES: Depilatory.
=Calendula (Calend.), Calendula, N.F.= (Marigold, Calendula Flowers).
ACTION AND USES: Locally, mild irritant, without material
advantage over diluted alcohol. Internally, no definite
indications for its use.
_Fluidextractum Calendulae (Fldext. Calend.), Fluidextract of Calendula,
N.F._--Calendula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
_Tinctura Calendulae (Tr. Calend.), Tincture of Calendula,
N.F._--Calendula (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per
cent.
=Calumba (Calumb.), Calumba, U.S.P.= (Columba, Columbo, Colombo).--A
root.
ACTION AND USES: Used as a simple bitter and stomachic.
It appears to have no advantage over other bitters, for
instance, gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.); usually given in
the form of the tincture.
_Fluidextractum Calumbae (Fldext. Calumb.), Fluidextract of Calumba,
N.F._--Calumba (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
_Tinctura Calumbae (Tr. Calumb.), Tincture of Calumba, U.S.P._--Calumba
(20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)
=*Calx (Calx), Calcium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Lime, Quicklime).--CaO.
Hard, white, odorless masses with a caustic taste, forming with
water calcium hydroxide, which is slightly soluble in water (1:84),
insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: As liquor calcis (an aqueous solution
of calcium hydroxide), used as an antacid and mild alkali.
As milk of lime (a mixture of calcium hydroxide and
water), frequently used as a disinfectant.
_*Linimentum Calcis (Lin. Calc.), Lime Liniment, U.S.P._ (Carron
Oil).--Lime water (50%) and linseed oil.
USES: Topical application, used especially for burns.
_*Liquor Calcis (Liq. Calc.), Solution of Calcium Hydroxide, U.S.P._
(Lime Water).--Ca(OH){2} (not less than 0.14%).
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms.
=*Calx Chlorinata (Calx Chlorin.), Chlorinated Lime, U.S.P.= ("Chloride
of Lime").--A compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite containing
not less than 30 per cent. of available chlorine.
A white or grayish-white powder having a chlorine-like odor and a
repulsive saline taste. Partially soluble in water or alcohol.
Decomposed by acids with liberation of chlorine.
ACTION AND USES: Disinfectant, especially for excreta.
Should be used liberally and left in contact for at least
one hour. Widely used for treating contaminated drinking
water.
=Cambogia (Cambog.), Gamboge, U.S.P.= (Pipe Gamboge).--A gum resin.
Odorless, grayish-orange-brown pieces or bright yellow powder, with
a very acrid taste. Not less than 65 per cent. soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: A powerful irritant hydragogue
cathartic; not often employed alone. Usually administered
in combination with other drugs.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.
=*Camphora (Camph.), Camphor, U.S.P.=--A volatile solid obtained from
the camphor tree.
Tough, white, translucent masses with a pungent odor and taste.
Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol,
chloroform, ether and fixed or volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: Used hypodermically to stimulate the
circulation and respiration in collapse. Opinions are
divided as to its efficiency. Locally, applied as a mild
irritant and antiseptic.
DOSAGE: By mouth 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
Hypodermic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), as 10 per
cent. solution in oil.
_*Aqua Camphorae (Aq. Camph.), Camphor Water, U.S.P._--A saturated
solution of camphor in water.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Ceratum Camphorae (Cerat. Camph.), Camphor Cerate, N.F._--Camphor (2%),
with cottonseed oil, white wax, white petrolatum and benzoinated lard.
_Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum (Emp. Fusc. Camph.), Camphorated Brown
Plaster, N.F._ (Camphorated Motherplaster).--Camphor (1%), red oxide of
lead, olive oil and yellow wax.
_*Linimentum Camphorae (Lin. Camph.), Camphor Liniment, U.S.P._
(Camphorated Oil).--Camphor (20%) in cottonseed oil.
USES: Mild counterirritant. Note: This preparation, as
found in drug stores, should never be used hypodermically.
_Mistura Camphora Acida._--See under =Opium=.
_Mistura Camphorae Aromatica._--See under =Oleum Lavandulae=.
_*Spiritus Camphorae (Sp. Camph.), Spirit of Camphor, U.S.P._--Camphor
(10%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Unguentum Camphorae (Ung. Camph.), Camphor Ointment, N.F._--Camphor
(22%) in white wax and lard.
_Unguentum Fuscum (Ung. Fusc.), Brown Ointment, N.F._ (Unguentum Matris,
Mother's Salve).--Camphorated brown plaster (50%) olive oil and prepared
suet.
=Camphora Monobromata (Camph. Monobrom.), Monobromated Camphor, U.S.P.=
Colorless crystals or white powder, with a mild camphoraceous odor
and taste. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5); almost insoluble in
water.
ACTION AND USES: Formerly recommended as a sedative
and hypnotic but now seldom used. Value doubtful.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
=Canella (Canell.), Canella, N.F.=--A bark.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete aromatic bitter, without
advantage over gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)
=Cannabis (Cannab.), Cannabis, U.S.P.= (Cannabis Indica, U.S.P.
VIII).--Flowering tops of _Cannabis sativa_ (or var. _indica_).
ACTION AND USES: A narcotic poison, producing a mild
delirium. Used in sedative mixtures, but of doubtful value.
Also employed to color corn remedies.
_Extractum Cannabis (Ext. Cannab.), Extract of Cannabis,
U.S.P._--Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs.
DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe extract of cannabis should specify the
biologically assayed preparation.
_Fluidextractum Cannabis (Fldext. Cannab.), Fluidextract of Cannabis,
U.S.P._--Cannabis (100%). Assayed biologically by producing
incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe fluidextract of cannabis should specify the
biologically assayed preparation.
_Tinctura Cannabis (Tr. Cannab.), Tincture of Cannabis, U.S.P._
(Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, U.S.P. VIII).--Cannabis (10%) in alcohol.
Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute
alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). Those physicians
who prescribe tincture of cannabis should specify
the biologically assayed preparation.
=*Cantharis (Canthar.), Cantharides, U.S.P.= (Spanish Flies, Russian
Flies).--A beetle.
ACTION AND USES: Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.
Internally, genito-urinary irritant, often producing serious
nephritis. Its internal use is probably never justified.
_*Ceratum Cantharidis (Cerat. Canthar.), Cantharides Cerate, U.S.P._
(Blistering Cerate).--Cantharides (35%) with turpentine, glacial acetic
acid, yellow wax, rosin and benzoinated lard.
_Collodium Cantharidatum (Collod. Canth.), Cantharidal Collodion,
U.S.P._ (Blistering Collodion, Vesicating Collodion).--The glacial
acetic acid acetone extract from cantharides (60%) in flexible
collodion.
_Emplastrum Cantharidis (Emp. Canthar.), Cantharides Plaster,
U.S.P._--Cantharides cerate spread on rosin plaster. Each square
centimeter of spread plaster contains 0.1 Gm. of cantharides cerate.
USES: Convenient form for applying cantharides as a
vesicant. Requires from six to eight hours to produce a
blister. May produce poisoning by absorption through the
skin.
_*Tinctura Cantharidis (Tr. Canthar.), Tincture of Cantharides, U.S.P._
(Cantharidis Tinctura P.I.).--Cantharides (10%) in alcohol. Absolute
alcohol content about 90 per cent.
=*Capsicum (Capsic.), Capsicum, U.S.P.= (Cayenne Pepper, African
Chillies).--Fruit.
ACTION AND USES: Carminative and rubefacient; also
stomachic, especially in alcoholic gastritis (as the tincture).
_Emplastrum Capsici (Emp. Capsic.), Capsicum Plaster, U.S.P._--Oleoresin
of capsicum spread on rubber plaster. Each 15 square cm. of spread
plaster contains 0.25 Gm. of oleoresin of capsicum.
_Oleoresina Capsici (Oleores. Capsic.), Oleoresin of Capsicum,
U.S.P._--Highly irritant.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Tinctura Capsici (Tr. Capsic.), Tincture of Capsicum,
U.S.P._--Capsicum (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content
about 88 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Capsici et Myrrhae (Tr. Capsic. et Myrrh.), Tincture of
Capsicum and Myrrh, N.F._ (Hot Drops, Thomsonian Number Six.)--Capsicum
(3%) and myrrh (12%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content
about 85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Caramel (Caram.), Caramel, N.F.= (Saccharum Ustum, Burnt Sugar
Coloring).
A dark brown, syrupy, somewhat bitter liquid. Soluble in water and
in diluted alcohol; insoluble in 80 per cent. alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy as a brown
coloring agent.
_Tinctura Caramellis, Tincture of Caramel, N.F._--Caramel in alcohol and
water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
=*Carbo Ligni (Carbo Lig.), Wood Charcoal, U.S.P.= (Charcoal).--Powdered
wood charcoal.
ACTION AND USES: Absorbent of gases and dissolved substances.
Used internally against digestive disorders and
vegetable poisons but of doubtful value. Locally employed
as a deodorant, for fetid ulcers, usually in the form of
a poultice.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, in powder or suspension.
_Trochisci Carbonis Ligni (Troch. Carb. Lig.), Troches of Charcoal,
N.F._--Charcoal with tragacanth, sugar and vanillin.
DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)
=*Cardamomi Semen (Cardam. Sem.), Cardamom Seed, U.S.P.= (Cardamomum,
U.S.P. VIII).
ACTION AND USES: Used as flavor and carminative. Frequently
added to purgatives, as in the compound extract
of colocynth, with the object of diminishing griping.
_*Tinctura Cardamomi (Tr. Cardam.), Tincture of Cardamom,
U.S.P._--Cardamom seed (15%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol
content about 46 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Cardamomi Composita (Tr. Cardamom. Co.), Compound Tincture of
Cardamom, U.S.P._--Cardamom seed, Saigon cinnamon, caraway and cochineal
in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=Carminum (Carmin.), Carmine, N.F.=--From cochineal.
ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy as a red coloring
agent.
_Liquor Carmini (Liq. Carmin.), Solution of Carmine, N.F._--Carmine in
ammonia water, glycerin and water.
=Caro, Beef.=
_Extractum Carnis (Ext. Carnis), Extract of Beef, N.F._ (Beef
Extract).--Residue from evaporation of beef broth.
ACTION AND USES: Stimulant and flavor; not a nutrient
tonic, as was believed at one time. The "wines" are without
real value and can easily be misused as beverages.
_Vinum Carnis (Vin. Carn.), Wine of Beef, N.F._ (Beef and
Wine).--Extract of beef (3%) in water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit
of orange and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Vinum Carnis et Ferri (Vin. Carn. et Ferr.), Wine of Beef and Iron,
N.F._ (Beef, Wine and Iron).--Extract of beef (3%), iron and ammonium
citrate, water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry
wine.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Carum (Carum), Caraway, U.S.P.= (Carawayseed).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative. Similar to
anise and fennel.
=*Caryophyllus (Caryoph.), Clove, U.S.P.= (Cloves).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and counterirritant.
_Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens (Pulv. Arom. Rubefac.), Rubefacient Spice
Powder, N.F._ (Replacing Emplastrum Aromaticum, N.F. III).--Clove,
Saigon cinnamon, ginger and capsicum.
=*Cascara Sagrada (Case. Sagr.), Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P.= (Rhamnus
Purshiana, U.S.P. VIII).--A bark.
ACTION AND USES: Laxative, acting mainly on the colon.
Widely used for habitual constipation. Has little tendency
to produce secondary constipation.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Cascarae Sagradae (Elix. Cascar. Sagr.), Elixir of Cascara
Sagrada, N.F._ (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae, N.F. III).--Aromatic
fluidextract of cascara sagrada (50%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute
alcohol content about 22 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Cascarae Sagradae Compositum (Elix. Cascar. Sagr. Co.), Compound
Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._ (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae Co., N.F.
III, Laxative Elixir).--Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada
(12.5%), fluidextract of senna (7.5%), fluidextract of juglans (6.5%)
and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 24 per cent.
USES: Needlessly complicated laxative.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_*Extractum Cascarae Sagradae (Ext. Cascar. Sagr.), Extract of Cascara
Sagrada, U.S.P._ (Extractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII, Powdered
Extract of Cascara Sagrada).--One Gm. extract represents 3 Gm. cascara
sagrada.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidextract
of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P._ (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P.
VIII).--Cascara sagrada (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per
cent. Bitter, unpleasant taste.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr.
Arom.), Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P._
(Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum, U.S.P. VIII).--Sweetened
and flavored fluidextract. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
Not so bitter, but less effective than the plain fluidextract.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr.),
Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._--Cascara sagrada (100%) in
water and glycerin.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr.
Arom.), Aromatic Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._--Cascara
sagrada (75%) and fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) with oils of
fennel, clove and cinnamon, in water and glycerin.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Cascarilla (Cascarill.), Cascarilla, N.F.= (Sweetwood Bark, Sweet
Bark).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic bitter, without advantage
over gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)
=Cassia Fistula (Cass. Fist.), Cassia Fistula, N.F.= (Purging
Cassia).--Dried fruit.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete laxative, without advantage
over senna.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.)
=Castanea (Castan.), Castanea, N.F.= (Chestnut Leaves).
ACTION AND USES: Astringent; no definite indications
for its use.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Castaneae (Fldext. Castan.), Fluidextract of Chestnut
Leaves, N.F._--Chestnut leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=CATAPLASMATA, POULTICES.=--Poultices are soft solid preparations used
for the purpose of applying heat and moisture to localized areas of the
body. Poultices may also be made the means of applying counterirritant
drugs.
=Cataria (Catar.), Catnep, N.F.= (Catmint).--Leaves and flowering tops.
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative, without advantage
over peppermint.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Catariae (Fldext. Catar.), Fluidextract of Catnep,
N.F._--Catnep (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Caulophyllum (Caulophyl.), Caulophyllum, N.F.= (Blue Cohosh, Papoose
Root, Squaw Root).--Rhizome and roots.
ACTION AND USES: Said to be diuretic and emmenagogue;
has not been adequately studied.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Caulophylli (Fldext. Caulophyl.), Fluidextract of
Caulophyllum, N.F._--Caulophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=Centaurium (Centaur.), Centaury, N.F.=--Flowering plant.
ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic; without advantage
over gentian. Also used in "female remedies," but probably
useless.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
=*Cera Alba (Cer. Alb.), White Wax, U.S.P.=--Yellow wax bleached.
ACTION AND USES: Used in the preparation of emollient
ointments, and to raise the melting point of mixtures of
oils and fats.
_Ceratum (Cerat.), Cerate, U.S.P._ (Simple Cerate).--White wax (30%) and
benzoinated lard.
=*Cera Flava (Cer. Flav.), Yellow Wax, U.S.P.= (Beeswax).
ACTION AND USES: Used in the making of plasters and
of ointments in which the color is not objectionable.
=CERATAE, CERATES.=--Cerates are solid ointment-like preparations
containing wax to prevent them from becoming soft at ordinary room
temperature.
=Cerevisiae Fermentum Compressum (Cerev. Ferm. Compr.), Compressed
Yeast, N.F.=--The commercial compressed yeast.
ACTION AND USES: For use in making fermented milk
(Lac Fermentatum), which see under =Lac Vaccinum=.
=Cerii Oxalas (Cerii Oxal.), Cerium Oxalate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of the
oxalates of cerium, didymium, lanthanum, and other associated elements.
White or pinkish, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water,
alcohol and ether.
ACTION AND USES: Formerly used for the treatment of
chronic vomiting but probably without value.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.), in powders,
cachets or capsules.
=Cetaceum (Cetac.), Spermaceti, U.S.P.=--A solid fat from the sperm
whale.
White, nearly odorless, unctuous masses, with a bland, mild taste.
Insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in cold alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used as a component of cerates and
cold creams.
=CHARTAE, PAPERS.=--Papers are pieces of unsized paper saturated with or
pieces of hard-surfaced papers coated with a medicinal substance.
=Chimaphila (Chimaph.), Chimaphila, N.F.= (Pipsissewa).--Leaves.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete; no definite indications for
its use. Has been described as "tonic, astringent, diuretic."
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Chimaphilae (Fldext. Chimaphil.), Fluidextract of
Chimaphila, N.F._--Chimaphila (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40
per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Chionanthus (Chionanth.), Chionanthus, N.F.= (Fringe Tree Bark).--Bark
of the root.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete; no definite indications for
its use. Formerly used by eclectics and homeopaths in
hepatic disorders and syphilis.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Chionanthi (Fldext. Chionanth.), Fluidextract of
Chionanthus, N.F._--Chionanthus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)
=Chirata (Chirat.), Chirata, N.F.= (Chiretta).--Plant.
ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic, similar to and without
advantage over gentian.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Chiratae (Fldext. Chirat.), Fluidextract of Chirata,
N.F._--Chirata (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Chloral Camphoratum (Chloral Camph.), Camphorated Chloral, N.F.=--Equal
parts of hydrated chloral and camphor.
An oily liquid with a camphoraceous odor.
ACTION AND USES: Local rubefacient and analgesic
=*Chloralum Hydratum (Chloral. Hydrat.), Hydrated Chloral, U.S.P.=
("Chloral," Chloral Hydrate).--CCl{3}.CHO + H{2}O.
Colorless, transparent crystals, with an aromatic, penetrating odor
and a bitterish, caustic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.25) and
in alcohol (1:1.3).
ACTION AND USES: A reliable hypnotic in moderate
doses, inducing a condition closely resembling that of
normal sleep. Used for the relief of insomnia and nervousness,
and for the control of convulsions and spasms.
Should be used with special caution in cases of weakened
heart or blood vessels. Continued use is likely to produce
a habit.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
Decomposed by alkalies; should not be dispensed in liquids
containing both bromides and alcohol.
_Mistura Chloralis et Potassii Bromidi Composita (Mist. Chloral. et Pot.
Brom. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloral and Potassium Bromide, N.F._
(Chloral and Bromide Compound).--Hydrated chloral (20%), potassium
bromide (20%), extract of hyoscyamus (0.2%) in water. The formula calls
for cannabis but this is filtered out.
USES: Similar in composition to the widely advertised
nostrum Bromidia and equally irrational and objectionable.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Chloroformum (Chlorof.), Chloroform, U.S.P.=--CHCl{3}.
A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a burning,
sweet taste. Slightly soluble (1:210) in water and miscible with
alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or fixed or volatile oils.
Decomposed by alkalies.
ACTION AND USES: General anesthetic, administered by
inhalation. Locally, a penetrating and fairly powerful
irritant. Frequently used in the form of liniments. Taken
by mouth in small doses, carminative, anodyne and antiseptic.
Larger doses are anthelmintic but dangerous. A
direct cardiac depressant.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.
_*Aqua Chloroformi (Aq. Chlorof.), Chloroform Water, U.S.P._--A
saturated solution of chloroform in water.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_*Linimentum Chloroformi (Lin. Chlorof.), Chloroform Liniment,
U.S.P._--A mixture of chloroform (30%) and soap liniment. Fairly active
counterirritant.
_Mistura Chloroformi et Morphinae Composita (Mist. Chlorof. et Morph.
Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloroform and Morphine, N.F._ (Mistura
Chloroformi et Cannabis Indicae Composita, N.F. III, Chloroform
Anodyne).--Morphine sulphate (0.25%), chloroform (12.5%), ether (3.25%),
tincture of cannabis (18.5%), tincture of capsicum, oil of peppermint,
glycerin, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
USES: An evident imitation of the nostrum sold as
chloranodyne, and equally irrational and objectionable.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
_Petroxolinum Chloroformi Camphoratum (Petrox. Chlorof. Camph.),
Camphorated Chloroform Petroxolin, N.F._ (Camphor and Chloroform
Petrox).--Chloroform (25%), camphor (25%) and liquid petroxolin.
_*Spiritus Chloroformi (Sp. Chlorof.), Spirit of Chloroform,
U.S.P._--Chloroform (6%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90
per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Chlorum, Chlorine.=--Cl.
_Liquor Chlori Compositus (Liq. Chlor. Co.), Compound Solution of
Chlorine, N.F._ (Chlorine Water).--A solution containing chlorine,
oxides of chlorine and hydrochloric acid made by treating potassium
chlorate with hydrochloric acid and dissolving the gases produced in
water.
USES: Antiseptic.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Chondrus (Chondrus), Chondrus, U.S.P.= (Irish Moss,
Carrageen).--Plant.
ACTION AND USES: Demulcent and lubricant, possessing
no advantages over other gums, acacia, for instance.
_Gelatinum Chondri (Gelat. Chondr.), Chondrus Gelatin, N.F._ (Irish Moss
Gelatin).--Obtained by extraction with hot water and evaporation to
semifluid consistency.
_Mucilago Chondri (Mucil. Chondr.), Mucilage of Chondrus, N.F._
(Mucilage of Irish Moss).--Chondrus (3%) in water.
=*Chromii Trioxidum (Chrom. Triox.), Chromium Trioxide, U.S.P.=
("Chromic Acid," Chromic Anhydride).--CrO{3}.
Dark purplish-red, odorless, deliquescent crystals. Very soluble in
water (1:0.6). Decomposes, sometimes with dangerous violence, when
brought into contact with organic solvents like alcohol and
glycerin. Incompatible with most organic substances.
ACTION AND USES: A powerful oxidizing agent and
caustic. Its action is somewhat difficult to control.
=*Chrysarobinum (Chrysarob.), Chrysarobin, U.S.P.=--Neutral principles
from Goa powder.
Brownish to orange-yellow, tasteless, odorless powder, irritating
to the mucous membrane. Slightly soluble in alcohol (1:385),
soluble in chloroform (1:12.5) and very slightly soluble in water.
ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and antiparasitic; a powerful
irritant to the skin, used chiefly in the treatment of
psoriasis, trichophytosis and alopecia areata.
_*Unguentum Chrysarobini (Ung. Chrysarobin.), Chrysarobin Ointment,
U.S.P._--Chrysarobin (6%) in benzoinated lard.
=Cimicifuga (Cimicif.), Cimicifuga, U.S.P.= (Black Snake-root, Black
Cohosh, Macrotys).--A rhizome.
ACTION AND USES: One of the class of "domestic medicines"
that were tried for a great variety of conditions
(used as "stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic,
diuretic and expectorant"), but which have not been
found to possess definite value.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Cimicifugae (Ext. Cimicif.), Extract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P._
(Powdered Extract of Cimicifuga).--One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm.
cimicifuga.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Cimicifuga (Fldext. Cimicif.), Fluidextract of
Cimicifuga, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Black Cohosh, Fluidextract of Black
Snakeroot).--Cimicifuga (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Cimicifugae Compositus (Syr. Cimicif. Co.), Compound Syrup of
Cimicifuga, N.F._ (Syrupus Actaeae Compositus, N.F. III, Compound Syrup
of Actaea).--Fluidextract of cimicifuga (4%), fluidextract of senega
(2%), fluidextract of ipecac (1%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, wild
cherry, sugar and water. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
USES: Complex expectorant.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Tinctura Cimicifugae (Tr. Cimicif.), Tincture of Cimicifuga,
N.F._--Cimicifuga (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Cinchona (Cinch.), Cinchona, U.S.P.= (Yellow Cinchona, Calisaya Bark,
Yellow Peruvian Bark).--Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.
ACTION AND USES: Astringent bitter tonic.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et
Hypophosphitum._--See under =Quininae Sulphas=.
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri._--See under =Ferri Phosphas=.
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae and
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae._--See under
=Strychninae Sulphas=.
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi._--See under =Bismuthi
et Sodii Tartras=.
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis._--See
under =Calcii Lactophosphas=.
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini._--See under
=Pepsinum=.
_Extractum Cinchonae (Ext. Cinchon.), Extract of Cinchona, N.F._--A
hydroalcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 24 per cent.
of cinchona alkaloids.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Cinchonae (Fldext. Cinchon.), Fluidextract of Cinchona,
U.S.P._--Cinchona (100%) yielding about 4.5 per cent. of alkaloids.
Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Cinchonae Aquosum (Fldext. Cinchon. Aq.), Aqueous
Fluidextract of Cinchona, N.F._--Cinchona (100%), yielding about 5 per
cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Infusum Cinchonae (Inf. Cinchon.), Infusion of Cinchona,
N.F._--Cinchona (6%), aromatic sulphuric acid (1%) and water.
DOSAGE: 50 Cc. or 12 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_*Tinctura Cinchonae (Tr. Cinch.), Tincture of Cinchona,
U.S.P._--Cinchona (20%), yielding about 0.9 per cent. of alkaloids; in
alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=Cinchona Rubra (Cinch. Rub.), Red Cinchona, U.S.P.= (Red Peruvian
Bark).--Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.
ACTION AND USES: Identical with those of cinchona.
Used as ingredient of the compound tincture of cinchona.
_*Tinctura Cinchonae Composita (Tr. Cinch. Co.), Compound Tincture of
Cinchona, U.S.P._--Red cinchona (10%), yielding about 0.45 per cent. of
cinchona alkaloids, serpentaria (2%) and bitter orange peel, in
glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 64 per cent.
USES: Aromatic astringent bitter, of high alcoholic
content; superfluous.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=Cinchonidinae Sulphas (Cinchonid. Sulph.), Cinchonidine Sulphate,
U.S.P.=--The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonidine, obtained from
cinchona bark.
White, glistening, odorless needles with a very bitter taste.
Soluble in water (1:65) and in alcohol (1:90).
ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as a cheap substitute
for quinine sulphate, over which it possesses no advantage,
being less efficient and more convulsant.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
=Cinchoninae Sulphas (Cinchonin. Sulph.), Cinchonine Sulphate,
U.S.P.=--The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonine, obtained from cinchona
bark.
White, lustrous, odorless crystals with a very bitter taste.
Soluble in water (1:60) and in alcohol (1:12.5).
ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of cinchonidine
sulphate.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
=*Cinnamomum Saigonicum (Cinnam. Saigon.), Saigon Cinnamon, U.S.P.=--A
bark.
ACTION AND USES: Carminative, antiseptic, somewhat
astringent, occasionally administered in diarrhea.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in powder.
_Fluidextractum Aromaticum (Fldext. Aromat.), Aromatic Fluidextract,
U.S.P._--Aromatic powder (100%), extracted with alcohol. Absolute
alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Pulvis Aromaticus (Pulv. Arom.), Aromatic Powder, U.S.P._--Saigon
cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, cardamom seed and nutmeg.
USES: Carminative.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk,
N.F._--Saigon cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, cardamom seed, prepared chalk and
sugar.
USES: Antidiarrheic.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Cinnamomi (Syr. Cinnam.), Syrup of Cinnamon, N.F._--Saigon
cinnamon, alcohol and syrup.
USES: Flavoring vehicle.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Tinctura Aromatica (Tr. Arom.), Aromatic Tincture, N.F._--Saigon
cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, galangal, clove, cardamom seed, extracted with
a mixture of alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per
cent.
USES: Aromatic carminative, complex and without special
advantage over other carminatives, as, for instance,
tincture of cardamom.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
_Tinctura Cinnamomi (Tr. Cinnam.), Tincture of Cinnamon, U.S.P._--Saigon
cinnamon in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about
63 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnam. Zeylan.), Ceylon Cinnamon, U.S.P.=--A
bark.
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of Saigon cinnamon.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.)
=*Cocaina (Cocain.), Cocaine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from coca
leaves.
Large colorless prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly
soluble in water (1:600) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5) and
in chloroform (1:0.7).
ACTION AND USES: A local anesthetic, paralyzing the
peripheral sensory nerves and also contracting the blood
vessels. Acute systemic poisoning is often caused by its
local use on mucous membranes. Stimulant to the central
nervous system, but such use is inadvisable because of
danger of habit-formation.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).
_Oleatum Cocainae (Oleat. Cocain.), Oleate of Cocaine, N.F._--Cocaine
(5%) in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.
=*Cocainae Hydrochloridum (Cocain. Hydrochl.), Cocaine Hydrochloride,
U.S.P.= (Cocaine Chloride, Cocainum Hydrochloricum, P.I.).
Colorless crystals, flaky leaflets or a white powder; odorless.
Freely soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:3.2), and soluble
in chloroform (1:12.5). Incompatible with borax, mercuric chloride,
alkalies and alkali carbonates, phenol, tannic acid, mercuric
oxide, and soluble silver salts.
ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia in 0.2
to 1.0 per cent. solution when used hypodermatically, and in 1 to 4
per cent. solution when applied to mucous membranes.
=Cocculus Indicus (Coccul. Ind.), Cocculus Indicus, N.F.= (Fish Berry,
Indian Berry).--A fruit.
ACTION AND USES: Source of picrotoxin. An alcoholic
extract has been used for destroying pediculi.
_Tinctura Cocculi Indici (Tr. Coccul. Ind.), Tincture of Cocculus
Indicus, N.F._--Cocculus indicus (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute
alcohol content about 45 per cent.
=Coccus (Coccus), Cochineal, U.S.P.=--A dried insect.
ACTION AND USES: Coloring agent.
_Liquor Cocci (Liq. Cocci), Cochineal Color, N.F._--A
glycerin-alcohol-water solution of cochineal.
=Cocillana (Cocillan.), Cocillana, N.F.=--A bark.
ACTION AND USES: Nauseant expectorant, similar to but
without advantage over ipecac. The proprietary syrup
contains heroin.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Cocillanae (Fldext. Cocillan.), Fluidextract of
Cocillana, N.F._--Cocillana (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60
per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Codeina (Codein.), Codeine, U.S.P.= (Methylmorphine).--An alkaloid
obtained from opium, or prepared from morphine by methylation.
Colorless, translucent prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly
soluble in water (1:120) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2) and in
chloroform (1:0.5).
ACTION AND USES: Analgesic, hypnotic and sedative. It
is perhaps the best modification of morphine for use in
coughs. As compared with morphine it is less constipating
and less apt to induce a drug habit. The phosphate and
sulphate are preferred for hypodermic use.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et Codein.),
Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Codeine, N.F._--Codeine (0.2%) and elixir
of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains
about 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain of codeine, and about
0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin hydrate.
=*Codeinae Phosphas (Codein. Phos.), Codeine Phosphate, U.S.P.=
White, odorless, efflorescent powder. Freely soluble in water
(1:2.3) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of codeine; preferred
for hypodermic use.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
=*Codeinae Sulphas (Codein. Sulph.), Codeine Sulphate, U.S.P.=
White, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder. Soluble in water
(1:30) and very slightly soluble in alcohol (1:1280).
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of codeine. Preferred
for hypodermic injections.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Codeinae (Syr. Codein.), Syrup of Codeine, N.F._--Codeine
sulphate (0.2%) and syrup.
USES: Superfluous.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Coffea Tosta (Coff. Tost.), Coffee, N.F.= (Roasted Coffee).
ACTION AND USES: Beverage and flavor.
_Fluidextractum Coffeae (Fldext. Coff.), Fluidextract of Coffee, N.F._
(Fluidextractum Coffeae Tostae, N.F. III).--Coffee (100%). Absolute
alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Colchici Cormus (Colch. Corm.), Colchicum Corm, U.S.P.= (Colchicum
Root).--Yields not less than 0.35 per cent. of colchicine.
ACTION AND USES: Said to be antineuralgic and analgesic;
frequently used in the treatment of acute gouty
attacks and to some extent to ward off such attacks. Full
doses produce watery stools and abdominal pains.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills; or
preferably as the tincture.
_Extractum Colchici Cormi (Ext. Colch. Corm.), Extract of Colchicum
Corm, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Colchicum Corm).--One Gm. extract
represents 4 Gm. colchicum corm and yields about 1.4 per cent. of
colchicine.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Colchici Cormi (Fldext. Colch. Corm.), Fluidextract of
Colchicum Corm, N.F._--Colchicum corm (100%), yielding about 0.35 per
cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).
_Vinum Colchici Cormi (Vin. Colchic. Corm.), Wine of Colchicum Corm,
N.F._--Colchicum corm (40%) yielding about 0.14 per cent. of colchicine,
in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
=*Colchici Semen (Colch. Sem.), Colchicum Seed, U.S.P.= (Colchici Semen
P.I.).--Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of colchicine.
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of colchicum corm.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis (Fldext. Colch. Sem.), Fluidextract of
Colchicum Seed, U.S.P._--Colchicum seed (100%), yielding about 0.4 per
cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
_*Tinctura Colchici Seminis (Tr. Colch. Sem.), Tincture of Colchicum
Seed, U.S.P._ (Colchici Tinctura P.I.).--Colchicum seed (10%), yielding
about 0.04 per cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and water. Absolute
alcohol content about 56 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Vinum Colchici Seminis (Vin. Colch. Sem.), Wine of Colchicum Seed,
N.F._--Fluidextract of colchicum seed (10%), yielding about 0.04 per
cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol
content about 35 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Colchicina (Colchicina), Colchicine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from
colchicum.
Pale yellow, odorless scales or powder. Freely soluble in alcohol,
soluble in water (1:22) and slightly soluble in ether (1:220).
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of colchicum corm.
DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain.
=COLLODIA, COLLODIONS.=--Collodions are solutions of pyroxylin or
soluble gun cotton with medicinal agents, for external application. For
the official collodions see under the names of the principal
ingredients. In particular, for Collodium, see under =Pyroxylin=; for
Collodium Flexible, under =Oleum Ricini=; and for Collodium Stypticum,
under =Acidum Tannicum=.
=*Colocynthis (Colocyn.), Colocynth, U.S.P.= (Colocynth Pulp, Bitter
Apple, Colocynth Apple).
ACTION AND USES: A powerful irritant hydragogue
cathartic. Because of its drastic nature it is rarely used
alone. The various compound pills listed below are needlessly
complex and therefore irrational. Because of their
irritant character, they are especially unsuited for continued
use.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.
_*Extractum Colocynthidis (Ext. Colocynth.), Extract of Colocynth,
U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Colocynth).--One Gm. of extract represents
4 Gm. of colocynth.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum (Ext. Colocynth. Co.), Compound
Extract of Colocynth, U.S.P._ (Powdered Compound Extract of
Colocynth).--Extract of colocynth (16%), aloes (50%), resin of scammony
(14%), cardamom seed and soap.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Catharticae Compositae (Pil. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic
Pills, U.S.P._--Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.08
Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), mild mercurous chloride (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain),
resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain) and gamboge (0.015 Gm. or 1/4
grain).
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles (Pil. Cathart. Veget.), Vegetable
Cathartic Pills, N.F._--Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth
(0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), extract of hyoscyamus (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain),
resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain), extract of leptandra and resin
of podophyllum (each 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain) with oil of peppermint.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Colocynthidis Compositae (Pil. Colocynth. Co.), Compound Pills
of Colocynth, N.F._ (Pilulae Cocciae, Cochia Pills).--Each pill contains
extract of colocynth (0.011 Gm. or 1/6 grain), aloes and resin of
scammony (each 0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), with oil of clove.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami (Pil. Colocynth. et Hyoscy.), Pills
of Colocynth and Hyoscyamus, N.F._--Each pill contains extract of
colocynth (0.0065 Gm. or 1/10 grain), aloes, resin of scammony and
extract of hyoscyamus (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) and oil of clove.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Colocynthidis et Podophylli (Pil. Colocynth. et Podoph.), Pills
of Colocynth and Podophyllum, N.F._--Each pill contains compound extract
of colocynth (0.162 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) and resin of podophyllum (0.016
Gm. or 1/4 grain) with syrup.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum (Pil. Lax. Post Part.), Post Partum
Laxative Pills, N.F._ (Barker's Post Partum Pills).--Each pill contains
compound extract of colocynth (0.11 Gm. or 1-2/3 grains), Socotrine
aloes (0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), extract of nux vomica (0.025 Gm. or 2/5
grain), resin of podophyllum and ipecac (each 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain)
and extract of hyoscyamus (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.)
=Condurango (Conduran.), Condurango, N.F.=--A bark.
ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic, introduced especially
for cancer cachexia, but without advantage over
gentian.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Condurango (Fldext. Condurango), Fluidextract of
Condurango, N.F._--Condurango (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=CONFECTIONES, CONFECTIONS= (Conserves, Electuaries).--Soft, pasty
solids consisting of active drugs mixed with sugar and honey.
=Conium (Conium), Conium, N.F.= (Poison Hemlock, _Conium
maculatum_).--Unripe fruit.
ACTION AND USES: Source of coniine. Depresses the
motor system, but has no definite therapeutic indication.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
_Extractum Conii (Ext. Conii), Extract of Conium, N.F._--A
hydro-alcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 2 per cent.
of coniine.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Conii (Fldext. Conii), Fluidextract of Conium,
N.F._--Conium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).
=Convallariae Flores (Convallar. Flor.), Convallaria Flowers, N.F.=
(Lily-of-the-Valley Flowers).
ACTION AND USES: Believed to act as a cardiac tonic,
similar to digitalis, but unreliable.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Convallariae Florum (Fldext. Conval. Flor.),
Fluidextract of Convallaria Flowers, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Convallariae,
N.F. III).--Convallaria flowers (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=Convallariae Radix (Convallar. Rad.), Convallaria Root, N.F.=
(Lily-of-the-Valley Root).--Rhizome and roots.
ACTION AND USES: Same as the flowers.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Convallariae Radicis (Fldext. Conval. Rad.),
Fluidextract of Convallaria Root, N.F._--Convallaria root (100%).
Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=*Copaiba (Copaib.), Copaiba, U.S.P.= (Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva).--An
oleoresin.
Pale yellow or brownish-yellow, viscid liquid, with an aromatic
odor and a persistent, bitter, acrid taste. Insoluble in water and
partly soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: A mild but disagreeable irritant and
diuretic. Used especially in the treatment of gonorrhea,
but of doubtful efficiency. The copaiba mixtures as listed
below were formerly widely used, but are disagreeable,
irrational and usually inefficient.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Massa Copaibae (Mass. Copaib.), Mass of Copaiba, N.F._ (Solidified
Copaiba).--Copaiba solidified by combination with magnesium oxide.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Mistura Copaibae (Mist. Copaib.), Copaiba Mixture, N.F._ (Lafayette
Mixture).--Copaiba (12.5%), spirit of nitrous ether (12.5%), compound
tincture of lavender, solution of potassium hydroxide in syrup and
mucilage of acacia. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Mistura Copaibae et Opii (Mist. Copaib. et Opii), Mixture of Copaiba
and Opium, N.F._ (Chapman's Mixture).--Copaiba (25%), tincture of opium
(3.2%), spirit of nitrous ether (25%), and compound tincture of lavender
in mucilage of acacia and water. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Coptis (Coptis), Coptis, N.F.= (Goldthread).--Plant.
ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic, possessing no
advantage over gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Coptis (Fldext. Copt.), Fluidextract of Coptis,
N.F._--Coptis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=CORDIALES, CORDIALS.=--Cordials are sweetened alcoholic liquids
=Coriandrum (Coriand.), Coriander, U.S.P.= (Coriander Seeds).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic and carminative
=Cornus (Corn.), Cornus, N.F.= (Dogwood Bark).--Bark of the root.
ACTION AND USES: Without definite indications for its
use; practically obsolete.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Corni (Fldext. Corni), Fluidextract of Cornus,
N.F._--Cornus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)
=Corydalis (Coryd.), Corydalis, N.F.= (Turkey Corn, Squirrel
Corn).--Tubers.
ACTION AND USES: Formerly exploited as antiluetic, but
useless and therefore harmful.
DOSAGE: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).
_Elixir Corydalis Compositum (Elix. Coryd. Co.), Compound Elixir of
Corydalis, N.F._--Fluidextract of corydalis, (6%), fluidextract of
stillingia (6%), fluidextract of xanthoxylum (3%), fluidextract of blue
flag (9%), potassium iodide (5%), alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute
alcohol content about 40 per cent.
ACTION AND USES: An irrational and harmful "alterative."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Corydalis (Fldext. Corydal.), Fluidextract of Corydalis,
N.F._--Corydalis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.)
=Cotarninae Hydrochloridum (Cotarn. Hydrochl.), Cotarnine Hydrochloride,
U.S.P.= (Cotarnine Chloride; Stypticin).
Yellow, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water and alcohol,
yielding yellow solutions.
ACTION AND USES: Used to check functional uterine
hemorrhage. The mechanism of its action has not been
explained, and its efficiency is somewhat questionable.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.)
=Coumarinum (Coumar.), Coumarin, N.F.=
Colorless, fragrant crystals, with a bitter, burning taste.
Sparingly soluble in cold water; freely soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Perfume and flavor
=Creosoti Carbonas (Creosot. Carb.), Creosote Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A
mixture of the carbonates of various constituents of creosote, chiefly
guaiacol and cresol.
An almost colorless, almost tasteless, odorless viscid liquid.
Insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with
chloroform and benzin.
ACTION AND USES: Passes stomach unchanged; hence is
not a gastric irritant; decomposed in the intestines; used
as an intestinal antiseptic.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)
=*Creosotum (Creosot.), Creosote, U.S.P.= (Creasote).--A mixture chiefly
of guaiacol and cresol, obtained from wood-tar.
An almost colorless, oily liquid, with a penetrating, smoky odor,
and a burning, caustic taste. Slightly soluble in water, and
miscible with alcohol, ether or fixed or volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic; formerly widely used as
an intestinal antiseptic and externally to some extent as
an antiseptic dressing.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.), in capsules.
_Aqua Creosoti (Aq. Creosot.), Creosote Water, U.S.P._--Creosote (1%) in
water.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Petroxolinum Creosoti (Petrox. Creosot.), Creosote Petroxolin, N.F._
(Creosote Petrox).--Creosote (20%), oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.
=*Cresol (Cresol), Cresol, U.S.P.=--A mixture of isomeric cresols,
C{6}H{4}(CH{3})OH. Obtained from coal tar.
Colorless, yellowish or brownish liquid, darkening with age and
exposure to light, and having a phenol-like odor. Soluble in water
(1:50), usually forming a cloudy solution, and miscible with
alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or glycerin.
ACTION AND USES: Action similar to phenol. Used as
a disinfectant and antiseptic. Approximately four times as
germicidal as phenol, and no more toxic.
DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).
_*Liquor Cresolis Compositus (Liq. Cresol. Co.), Compound Solution of
Cresol, U.S.P._--Cresol (50%) with a potassium soap solution.
=Creta Praeparata (Cret. Praep.), Prepared Chalk, U.S.P.= (Drop
Chalk).--A native calcium carbonate.
White, amorphous, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in
water, insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed and dissolved by dilute
acids.
ACTION AND USES: Used internally as a mild alkali, as
antacid and against diarrhea.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) as a powder or
in suspension.
_Mistura Cretae (Mist. Cret.), Chalk Mixture, U.S.P._--Compound chalk
powder (20%) with cinnamon water and water.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus._--See under =Cinnamomum Saigonicum.=
_Pulvis Cretae Compositus (Pulv. Cret. Co.), Compound Chalk Powder,
U.S.P._--Prepared chalk (30%), with acacia and sugar.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.)
=Crocus (Croc.), Crocus, N.F.= (Saffron).--Stigmas of the flowers.
ACTION AND USES: Yellow coloring agent without definite
therapeutic indications. Has been used as "stimulant
and antispasmodic."
_Tinctura Croci (Tr. Croc.), Tincture of Saffron, N.F._--Saffron (10%)
in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
=Cubeba (Cubeb.), Cubeb, U.S.P.= (Cubebs).--Fruit.
ACTION AND USES: Formerly much used internally as
antiseptic, diuretic and as a stimulant to the genito-urinary
membranes; also to some extent as a stimulating
expectorant. Probably of little value.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). The oleoresin
is preferred.
_Fluidextractum Cubebae (Fldext. Cubeb.), Fluidextract of Cubeb,
N.F._--Cubeb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Oleoresina Cubebae (Oleores. Cubeb.), Oleoresin of Cubeb, U.S.P._
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Cubebae (Tr. Cubeb.), Tincture of Cubeb, N.F._--Cubeb (20%) in
alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Trochisci Cubebae (Troch. Cubeb.), Troches of Cubeb, U.S.P._--Each
troche contains oleoresin of cubeb (0.02 Gm.) with oil of sassafras,
extract of glycyrrhiza and acacia, flavored with syrup of tolu.
=*Cupri Sulphas (Cupr. Sulph.), Copper Sulphate, U.S.P.= (Cupric
Sulphate).--CuSO{4} + 5H{2}O.
Blue, odorless crystals or powder with a metallic taste. Freely
soluble in water (1:2.5), and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:500).
ACTION AND USES: Astringent and in strong solutions
corrosive. In large doses a gastric and intestinal irritant
producing violent vomiting and purging. Considered one of
the best antidotes in phosphorus poisoning.
DOSAGE: Emetic, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Mistura Adstringens (Mist. Adstring.), Astringent Mixture, N.F._
(Mistura Adstringens et Escharotica, N.F. III, Villate's Mixture).--A
needlessly complex mixture containing the acetates and sulphates of
copper and zinc in dilute acetic acid solution with lead sulphate in
suspension.
=Cypripedium (Cypriped.), Cypripedium, N.F.= (Lady Slipper
Root).--Rhizome and roots.
ACTION AND USES: No definite indications for its use.
Has been described as "tonic, stimulant and diaphoretic."
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Cypripedii (Fldext. Cypriped.), Fluidextract of
Cypripedium, N.F._--Cypripedium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Damiana (Damiana), Damiana, N.F.= (Turnera).--Leaves.
ACTION AND USES: Ingredient of "lost manhood" nostrums;
mildly irritant, but otherwise probably inert.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Damianae (Fldext. Damian.), Fluidextract of Damiana,
N.F._ (Fluidextractum Turnerae, N.F. III).--Damiana (100%). Absolute
alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=DECOCTA, DECOCTIONS.=--Aqueous preparations made by boiling drugs in
water and straining. They must be freshly made from the drugs.
=Delphinium (Delphin.), Larkspur Seed, N.F.=
ACTION AND USES: Preparations are used externally to
destroy pediculi of the hair and of the pubic region.
_Tinctura Delphinii (Tr. Delphin.), Tincture of Larkspur,
N.F._--Larkspur seed (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90
per cent.
=Dextrinum Album (Dext. Alb.), White Dextrin, N.F.=--A variable mixture
of soluble carbohydrates with unconverted starch.
White, odorless powder, with a sweetish taste. Partly soluble in
cold water; completely soluble in three parts of water on boiling.
ACTION AND USES: Substitute for acacia and other gums.
_Pasta Dextrinata (Past. Dextrin.), Dextrinated Paste, N.F._--White
dextrin (33%) in glycerin (33%) and water.
USES: Basis for dermatologic pastes
=Diacetylmorphina (Diacetylmorph.), Diacetylmorphine, U.S.P.=
(Acetomorphine, Heroin).--An alkaloid prepared from morphine by
acetylization.
White, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1700) and
soluble in alcohol (1:31) and in chloroform (1:1.4).
ACTION AND USES: Used as a respiratory sedative to
relieve cough. With few exceptions, generally contraindicated
in pulmonary tuberculosis. Like morphine, but
more toxic and less valuable for the relief of pain. Is
habit-forming. See =Morphina=.
DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 gr. (U.S.P.).
=Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Diacetylmorph. Hydrochl.),
Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Diacetylmorphine Chloride;
Heroin Hydrochloride).
White, odorless, bitter powder. Freely soluble (1:2) in water and
soluble in alcohol (1:11).
DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et
Diacetylmorph.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Diacetylmorphine, N.F._
(Elixir Terpini Hydratis cum Heroina N.F. III).--Diacetylmorphine
hydrochloride (0.027%) and elixir of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol
content about 42 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains
about 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain of diacetylmorphine
hydrochloride, and about 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin
hydrate.
=Diastasum (Diastasum), Diastase, U.S.P.=--A mixture containing
amylolytic enzymes from malt.
Yellowish-white, odorless, tasteless powder or scales. Soluble in
water; almost insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: May be mixed with starchy foods to
assist their conversion into sugar.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=*Digitalis (Digit.), Digitalis, U.S.P.= (Foxglove, Digitalis Leaves,
Digitalis Folium P.I.).
ACTION AND USES: Direct cardiac stimulant and diuretic.
Used in cardiac decompensation. Most effective when the
heart action is rapid and very irregular (auricular fibrillation).
Effective in the treatment of edema only when
the latter is due to impaired circulation. Very likely to
cause disturbance of gastro-intestinal tract.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians
are advised to specify preparations which have been biologically
assayed.
_Fluidextractum Digitalis (Fldext. Digital.), Fluidextract of Digitalis,
U.S.P._--Digitalis (100%). May be biologically assayed by producing
death in the frog. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).--Physicians
should specify the biologically assayed fluidextract.
_*Infusum Digitalis (Inf. Digit.), Infusion of Digitalis,
U.S.P._--Digitalis (1.5%), cinnamon water and water. This is an
effective form of digitalis, but has no advantage over tinctures of
proper potency, and is not so conveniently standardized.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Digitalis, Scillae et Hydrargyri (Pil. Digit. Scill. et
Hydrarg.), Pills of Digitalis, Squill and Mercury, N.F._ (Niemeyer Pills
for Dropsy, Guy's Pills).--Each pill contains digitalis, squill and mass
of mercury (each 0.065 gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.
USES: Popular but needlessly complex cardiac diuretic.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_*Tinctura Digitalis (Tr. Digit.), Tincture of Digitalis, U.S.P._
(Digitalis Tinctura P.I.).--Digitalis (10%) in alcohol and water. May be
biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol
content about 70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
should specify the biologically assayed tincture.
=Dioscorea (Dioscor.), Dioscorea, N.F.= (Wild Yam Root, Colic
Root).--Rhizome.
ACTION AND USES: No established indications for its use;
formerly used in the treatment of "abdominal irritation."
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Dioscoreae (Fldext. Dioscor.), Fluidextract of
Dioscorea, N.F._--Dioscorea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Drosera (Droser.), Drosera, N.F.= (Sundew).--Flowering plant.
ACTION AND USES: No established indications for its
use (formerly used in respiratory diseases).
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Droserae (Fldext. Droser.), Fluidextract of Drosera,
N.F._--Drosera (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Dulcamara (Dulcam.), Bittersweet, N.F.=--Stems and branches.
ACTION AND USES: No established indications for its
use. Formerly used as "alterative."
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Dulcamarae (Fldext. Dulcam.), Fluidextract of
Bittersweet, N.F._--Bittersweet (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. of fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Echinacea (Echin.), Echinacea, N.F.=--Rhizome and roots.
ACTION AND USES: The claims for this drug as an
"alterative" and antisyphilitic are extravagant and unwarranted.
There are no established indications for its use.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Echinaceae (Fldext. Echin.), Fluidextract of Echinacea,
N.F._--Echinacea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Elaterinum (Elaterin.), Elaterin, U.S.P.=--A neutral principle
obtained from the squirting cucumber. The commercial product is variable
and may at times be practically inert.
White, odorless powder, with a slightly acrid, bitter taste.
Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).
ACTION AND USES: One of the most powerful and
irritant of hydragogue cathartics, causing profuse watery
evacuations.
DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain.
_Trituratio Elaterini (Trit. Elaterin.), Trituration of Elaterin,
U.S.P._--Elaterin (10%).
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
=ELIXIRIA, ELIXIRS.=--Elixirs are sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic liquids
similar to cordials. In the administration of an elixir, the effects due
to its alcohol content should be borne in mind. The statements of
alcohol content of elixirs in this volume refer to percentage of
absolute alcohol by volume.
For the various elixirs, see under the names of the principal
constituents. For Elixir Aromaticum, Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum and Elixir
Glycyrrhizae (Elixir Adjuvans), see under =Alcohol=; for Elixir
Catharticum Compositum, see under =Frangula=; for Elixir Cinchonae
Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum, see
under =Quininae Sulphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri,
see under =Ferri Phosphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri,
Bismuthi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et
Strychninae, see under =Strychninae Sulphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae
Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi, see under =Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras=;
for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, see
under =Calcii Lactophosphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri
et Pepsini, see under =Pepsinum=; for Elixir Ferri, Quininae et
Strychninae, and Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, see under =Ferri
Citro-Chloridum=; for Elixir Formatum and Elixir Formatum Compositum,
see under =Acidum Formicum=; for Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis,
see under =Ferri Phosphas=; for Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum, see
under =Sodii Glycerophosphas=; for Elixir Hypophosphitum, see under
=Calcii Hypophosphis=; for Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri, see under
=Ferri Hypophosphis=; for Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae, see
under =Strychnina=; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, see under
=Codeina=; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, see under
=Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum=; for Elixir Trium Bromidorum, see
under =Ammonii Bromidum=.
=*Emetinae Hydrochloridum (Emet. Hydrochl.), Emetine Hydrochloride,
U.S.P.=--The hydrochloride of the alkaloid emetine, obtained from
ipecac.
White, or nearly white, odorless powder, darkening on exposure to
light. Freely soluble in water or alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Given hypodermically. An effective
treatment of amebic dysentery and other amebic diseases.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain.
=EMPLASTRA, PLASTERS.=--Plasters are solid preparations for external
use, serving either as simple adhesives or for the conveyance of drugs.
The commercial spread plasters have largely displaced the
extemporaneously prepared product. For the various plasters see under
the names of the principal constituents. For Emplastrum Elasticum, see
under =Resina=; for Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum, see under =Camphora=;
for Emplastrum Plumbi, see under =Plumbi Oxidum=.
=EMULSA, EMULSIONES, EMULSIONS.=--Emulsions are aqueous preparations in
which oils or resins are suspended by means of mucilaginous substances.
For the official emulsions see under the names of the respective oils
and resins.
=*Ergota (Ergot.), Ergot, U.S.P.= (Secale Cornutum, P.I., Ergot of Rye,
Spurred Rye).--
ACTION AND USES: Causes powerful tonic, sometimes
tetanic contraction of the uterus and of the bloodvessel
walls. Checks postpartum hemorrhage by contracting
the uterus. Used for excessive menstrual flow and as a
circulatory stimulant. Has also been tried but without
success in a great variety of other diseases.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Ergotae (Ext. Ergot.), Extract of Ergot, U.S.P._--A pilular
extract of ergot. Probably does not contain some of the valuable
constituents of ergot (the alkaloids).
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Ergotae Aquosum (Ext. Ergot. Aq.), Aqueous Extract of Ergot,
N.F._ (Ergoti Extractum P.I.).--A purified aqueous extract.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
_*Fluidextractum Ergotae (Fldext. Ergot.), Fluidextract of Ergot,
U.S.P._ (Secalis Cornuti Extractum Fluidum, P.I.).--Ergot (100%).
Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Ergotae Ammoniata (Tr. Ergot. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of
Ergot, N.F._--Ergot (25%), ammonia water (10%) in alcohol and water.
Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Eriodictyon (Eriodict.), Eriodictyon, U.S.P.= (Yerba Santa).--Yerba
santa leaves.
ACTION AND USES: Said to be expectorant. Its most
remarkable property is its power of masking the taste of
quinine.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.
_Elixir Eriodictyi Aromaticum (Elix. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir
of Eriodictyon, N.F._ (Aromatic Elixir of Yerba Santa, Elixir
Corrigens).--Fluidextract of eriodictyon (6%), compound elixir of
taraxacum (about 44%) and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Eriodictyi (Fldext. Eriodict.), Fluidextract of
Eriodictyon, U.S.P._--Eriodictyon (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus (Syr. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of
Eriodictyon, N.F._ (Aromatic Syrup of Yerba Santa, Syrupus
Corrigens).--Fluidextract of eriodictyon, solution of potassium
hydroxide, compound tincture of cardamom, oils of sassafras, lemon and
clove, alcohol and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=*Eucalyptol (Eucalyptol), Eucalyptol, U.S.P.= (Cineol).--A constituent
of the volatile oil of eucalyptus.
A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a pungent taste,
producing a cooling sensation in the mouth. Very slightly soluble
in water but miscible with alcohol and chloroform and fixed or
volatile oils.
ACTION AND USES: Employed as a local stimulant, antiseptic
and deodorant, largely as a constituent of inhalations,
particularly oily sprays.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).
_Nebula Eucalyptolis (Nebul. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Spray,
N.F._--Eucalyptol (5%) in light liquid petrolatum.
_Petroxolinum Eucalyptolis (Petrox. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Petroxolin,
N.F._ (Eucalyptol Petrox).--Eucalyptol (20%) in liquid petrolatum.
=*Eucalyptus (Eucalypt.), Eucalyptus, U.S.P.= (Eucalyptus Leaves, Blue
Gum Leaves).
ACTION AND USES: Principally those of the volatile oil.
Not used as such.
_Fluidextractum Eucalypti (Fldext. Eucalypt.), Fluidextract of
Eucalyptus, U.S.P._--Eucalyptus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about
60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Eugenol (Eugenol), Eugenol, U.S.P.=--A constituent of oil of clove.
A nearly colorless, thin liquid, with a strong odor of cloves and a
pungent, spicy taste.
ACTION AND USES: Same as those of oil of cloves, over
which it has no material advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.
=Euonymus (Euonym.), Euonymus, N.F.= (Wahoo Bark).--Bark of the root.
ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic; toxic digitalis
effects. Caution: The uncertain absorption of this drug
makes its use inadvisable.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains.
_Extractum Euonymi (Ext. Euonym.), Extract of Euonymus, N.F._ (Powdered
Extract of Euonymus).--A hydroalcoholic extract, 1 Gm. representing the
water-alcohol-soluble constituents of 4 Gm. of euonymus.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Euonymi (Fldext. Euonym.), Fluidextract of Euonymus,
N.F._--Euonymus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims. (N.F.).
=Eupatorium (Eupator.), Eupatorium, N.F.= (Boneset,
Thoroughwort).--Leaves and flowering tops.
ACTION AND USES: Domestic diaphoretic "tea." No
established indications for its use.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Eupatorii (Fldext. Eupator.), Fluidextract of
Eupatorium, N.F._--Eupatorium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40
per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Euphorbia Pilulifera (Euphorb. Pilul.), Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F.=
(Pill Bearing Spurge).--Entire flowering plant.
ACTION AND USES: Irritant; formerly used in respiratory
diseases, but without established indications.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Euphorbiae Piluliferae (Fldext. Euphorb. Pilul.),
Fluidextract of Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F._--Euphorbia pilulifera
(100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=EXTRACTA, EXTRACTS= (Solid Extracts).--Soft, solid (pilular extracts)
or powdered (powdered extracts) preparations made by evaporating a
solution of the soluble ingredients of vegetable or animal drugs at a
low temperature. Powdered extracts are often made from the solid
extracts by the addition of inert material. The strength of most
extracts is four times that of the drug. For the various official
extracts see under the names of the respective drugs.
=Farfara (Farfar.), Coltsfoot, N.F.= (Coltsfoot Leaves, Tussilago
Leaves).
ACTION AND USES: Demulcent expectorant; no advantage
over linseed.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm.
=*Fel Bovis (Fel Bovis), Oxgall, U.S.P.=
A brownish-green or dark green, somewhat viscid liquid, with a
peculiar odor and a disagreeable, bitter taste.
ACTION AND USES: Used in the form of the extract as
intestinal antiseptic, cholagogue and laxative.
_*Extractum Fellis Bovis (Ext. Fel. Bov.), Extract of Oxgall, U.S.P._
(Powdered Extract of Oxgall).--One Gm. of extract represents 8 Gm. of
oxgall.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains.
* * * * *
Note:--_The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified without
sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine
themselves to the starred preparations._
* * * * *
=Ferri Acetas, Ferric Acetate.=--Fe(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3}.
_Liquor Ferri Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. Acet.), Solution of Ferric Acetate,
N.F._--Contains anhydrous ferric acetate, Fe(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3} (about
31%), corresponding to about 7.5 per cent. metallic iron, Fe.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).
_Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis._--See under =Ammonii Acetas.=
=*Ferri Carbonas, Ferrous Carbonate.=--FeCO{3}.
_*Massa Ferri Carbonatis (Mass. Ferr. Carb.), Mass of Ferrous Carbonate,
U.S.P._ (Vallet's Mass).--Contains FeCO{3} (35%) with sugar and honey.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Mistura Ferri Composita (Mist. Ferr. Co.), Compound Iron Mixture,
N.F._ (Griffith's Mixture).--Ferrous carbonate (obtained by decomposing
0.6% ferrous sulphate with potassium carbonate), sugar, myrrh, spirit of
lavender and rose water.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_*Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis (Pil. Ferr. Carb.), Pills of Ferrous
Carbonate, U.S.P._ (Chalybeate Pills, Blaud's Pills, Ferruginous
Pills).--Each pill contains FeCO{3} (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain).
USES: Convenient and effective form of iron.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
=Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus (Ferr. Carb. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferrous
Carbonate, U.S.P.=--Ferrous carbonate, FeCO{3} (not less than 15%)
preserved with sugar.
A greenish-brown, odorless powder, with a taste at first sweetish,
afterward ferruginous.
ACTION AND USES: Hematinic, like other iron salts;
practically non-astringent and non-irritating.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.)
=*Ferri Chloridum (Ferr. Chlor.), Ferric Chloride, U.S.P.= (Iron
Perchloride, Sesquichloride of Iron).--Ferric chloride, FeCl{3}, with
water of hydration.
Orange-yellow crystalline deliquescent pieces, odorless, and with a
strongly styptic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); freely
soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used in the form of the tincture of
ferric chloride as an astringent, especially as an application
to the throat. Also hematinic, but relatively irritant.
_Gossypium Stypticum (Gossyp. Stypt.), Styptic Cotton, N.F._--Purified
cotton, impregnated with ferric chloride.
_Liquor Ferri Chloridi (Liq. Ferr. Chlor.), Solution of Ferric Chloride,
U.S.P._ (Solution of Iron Perchloride).--FeCl{3} (about 10.5%).
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims.
_*Tinctura Ferri Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Chlor.), Tincture of Ferric
Chloride, U.S.P._--Ferric chloride (about 13%) corresponding to not less
than 4.48 per cent. of iron, Fe. Made by diluting a solution of ferric
chloride (35%) with alcohol. Absolute alcoholic content about 63 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Ferri Chloridi Aetherea (Tr. Ferr. Chlor. Aeth.), Ethereal
Tincture of Ferric Chloride, N.F._ (Bestuscheff's Tincture, Lamotte's
Drops).--Solution of ferric chloride (6%) and ether (25%) in alcohol.
Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)
=Ferri Citras, Ferric Citrate=
_Liquor Ferri Citratis (Liq. Ferr. Cit.), Solution of Ferric Citrate,
N.F._--Contains ferric citrate corresponding to not less than 7.25 per
cent. metallic iron, Fe.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
=Ferri Citro-Chloridum, Iron Citro-Chloride=
_Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr. Quin. et Strych.),
Elixir of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F._--Tincture of ferric
citro-chloride (12.5%), quinine hydrochloride (0.875%), strychnine
sulphate (0.0175%), compound spirit of orange, glycerin and water.
Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.
USES: A popular but irrational "tonic."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Gentianae et Ferri (Elix. Gent. et Ferr.), Elixir of Gentian and
Iron, N.F._ (Elixir of Gentian with Tincture of Ferric
Citro-Chloride).--Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (10%) and elixir of
gentian. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Tinctura Ferri Citro-Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Citro-Chlor.), Tincture of
Ferric Citro-Chloride, N.F._ (Tasteless Tincture of Ferric Chloride,
Tasteless Tincture of Iron).--A tincture of a complex iron salt,
containing about 4 per cent. of iron (Fe) and rendered non-styptic by
the presence of a citrate. Made from solution of ferric chloride (35%),
sodium citrate (44%), alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about
15 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=*Ferri et Ammonii Citras (Ferr. et Ammon. Cit.), Iron and Ammonium
Citrate, U.S.P.= (Soluble Ferric Citrate, Ammonio-Ferric Citrate).--Iron
citrate rendered more readily soluble by the presence of ammonium
citrate. Contains about 17 per cent. of iron, Fe.
Thin, transparent, garnet-red, odorless scales, with a saline,
mildly ferruginous taste. Readily and completely soluble in water;
insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Hematinic, practically non-astringent.
Has the general properties of iron salts.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.
_Vinum Ferri (Vin. Ferr.), Wine of Iron, N.F._ (Wine of Citrate of
Iron).--Iron and ammonium citrate (4%) in tincture of sweet orange peel,
syrup, and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Ferri et Quininae Citras (Ferr. et Quin. Cit.), Iron and Quinine
Citrate, U.S.P.= (Ferri et Quininae Citras Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII,
Soluble Iron and Quinine Citrate).--Iron citrate and quinine citrate
rendered more soluble by the presence of ammonium citrate. Contains not
less than 13 per cent. of iron, Fe.
Thin, transparent, deliquescent, greenish or golden yellow,
odorless scales, with a bitter, mildly ferruginous taste. Rapidly
and completely soluble in cold water, partly soluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used as a bitter iron tonic. Of doubtful value.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.
_Vinum Ferri Amarum (Vin. Ferr. Amar.), Bitter Wine of Iron, N.F._--Iron
and quinine citrate (5%) in tincture of sweet orange peel, syrup and
sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)
=Ferri Glycerophosphas (Ferr. Glycerophos.), Ferric Glycerophosphate,
N.F.= (Ferric Glycerinophosphate).
Yellowish-green scales or powder, odorless and nearly tasteless.
Freely soluble in water (1:2) and insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Reputed "tonic," but without advantage over the
ordinary iron salts.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.
=Ferri Hydroxidum, Ferric Hydroxide.=
_Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido (Ferr. Hydrox. cum Mag. Oxid.),
Ferric Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P._ (Arsenic Antidote, Ferric
Hydrate with Magnesia).--A dilute solution of ferric sulphate and a
mixture of magnesium oxide with water, kept in separate bottles. When
mixed, they yield ferric hydroxide.
USES: Antidote for arsenic.
DOSAGE: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces.
_Magma Ferri Hydroxidi (Magm. Ferr. Hydrox.), Ferric Hydroxide Magma,
N.F._ (Ferri Hydroxidum, U.S.P. VIII, Ferric Hydroxide).--A suspension
of ferric hydroxide in water.
=Ferri Hypophosphis (Ferr. Hypophos.), Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.=
White or grayish white, odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Very
slightly soluble in water (1:2300); insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Reputed "tonic," but without advantage
over the ordinary iron salts.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.
_Elixir Ferri Hypophosphitis (Elix. Ferr. Hypophos.), Elixir of Ferric
Hypophosphite, N.F._--Ferric hypophosphite (1.65%), potassium citrate
(2.15%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21
per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri (Elix. Hypophos. et Ferr.), Elixir of
Hypophosphites and Iron, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and sodium
hypophosphite (each 1.75%), potassium hypophosphite and ferric
hypophosphite (each 0.875%), potassium citrate, hypophosphorous acid,
water, syrup and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per
cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Liquor Ferri Hypophosphitis (Liq. Ferr. Hypophos.), Solution of Ferric
Hypophosphite, N.F._ (Solution of Hypophosphite of Iron).--Ferric
hypophosphite (16.5%) dissolved by means of potassium citrate (21.5%) in
glycerin and water.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Syrupus Ferri Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ferr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ferric
Hypophosphite, N.F._--Ferric hypophosphite (1.75%), dissolved by means
of potassium citrate (2.5%), and made into a syrup flavored with orange
flower water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Iodidum, Ferrous Iodide.=--FeI{2}.
_Pilulae Ferri Iodidi (Pil. Ferr. Iod.), Pills of Ferrous Iodide,
U.S.P._--Each pill represents ferrous iodide, FeI{2} (about 0.06 Gm. or
1 grain).
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Ferri et Mangani Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. et Mangan. Iod.), Syrup of
Iron and Manganese Iodide, N.F._--Ferrous iodide (10%) and manganese
iodide (5%) in syrup.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_*Syrupus Ferri Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. Iod.), Syrup of Ferrous Iodide,
U.S.P._ (Ferri Iodidi Syrupus P.I.).--Ferrous iodide, FeI{2} (about 5%).
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.)
=Ferri Lactas (Ferr. Lact.), Ferrous Lactate, N.F.= (Iron Lactate).
Greenish white powder or crystalline masses, with a slight,
characteristic odor and a mild, sweet ferruginous taste. Slowly
soluble in water (1:40), freely soluble in solutions of alkali
citrates, but almost insoluble in alcohol.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
_Elixir Ferri Lactatis (Elix. Ferr. Lact.), Elixir of Iron Lactate,
N.F._--Iron lactate (1.75%), potassium citrate (5.25%) in water and
aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Lactophosphas, Iron Lactophosphate.=
_Syrupus Ferri Lactophosphatis (Syr. Ferr. Lactophos.), Syrup of Iron
Lactophosphate, N.F._--Iron lactophosphate (2.5%) in syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Malas, Ferrous Malate (Iron Malate).=
_Extractum Ferri Pomatum (Ext. Ferr. Pomat.), Ferrated Extract of
Apples, N.F._ (Ferri Malas Crudus, Crude Malate of Iron).--A pilular
extract containing ferrous malate.
DOSAGE: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Ferri Pomata (Tr. Ferr. Pomat.), Tincture of Ferrated Extract
of Apples, N.F._ (Tinctura Ferri Malatis Crudi, Tincture of Crude Malate
of Iron).--Ferrated extract of apples (10%) in alcohol and cinnamon
water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Nitras, Ferric Nitrate.=--Fe(NO{3}){3}.
_Liquor Ferri Nitratis (Liq. Ferr. Nit.), Solution of Ferric Nitrate,
N.F._--Ferric nitrate, Fe(NO{3}){3}, corresponding to not less than 1.3
per cent. of metallic iron, Fe.
USES: Astringent and styptic.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.)
=Ferri Oxidum Saccharatum (Ferr. Oxid. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferric
Oxide, N.F.= (Soluble Ferric Oxide, Ferrum Oxydatum Saccharatum,
"Eisenzucker").--Saccharated ferric oxide representing not less than 2.8
per cent. of Fe.
_Syrupus Ferri Saccharati Solubilis (Syr. Ferr. Sacch. Sol.), Syrup of
Soluble Saccharated Iron, N.F._ (Syrupus Ferri Oxydati Solubilis, Syrup
of Saccharated Oxide of Iron, Syrup of Soluble Oxide of
Iron).--Saccharated ferric oxide (41.5%), syrup and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Oxychloridum, Ferric Oxychloride.=
_Liquor Ferri Oxychloridi (Liq. Ferr. Oxychlor.), Solution of Ferric
Oxychloride, N.F._--Ferric oxychloride corresponding to about 3 per
cent. of metallic iron, Fe, dissolved in a mixture of glycerin and
water.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)
=Ferri Oxysulphas, Ferric Oxysulphate.=
_Liquor Ferri Oxysulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Oxysulph.), Solution of Ferric
Oxysulphate, N.F._--A solution of basic ferric sulphate.
USES: Superfluous astringent iron solution
=*Ferri Phosphas (Ferr. Phos.), Ferric Phosphate, U.S.P.= (Ferri
Phosphas Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII, Soluble Ferric Phosphate).--Ferric
phosphate rendered soluble by sodium citrate. Contains iron, Fe (not
less than 12%).
Thin, bright green, transparent, odorless scales, with an
acidulous, slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in
water; insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Hematinic. Only slightly astringent;
no special advantage over other iron salts.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri (Elix. Cinchon. et Ferr.),
Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Iron, N.F. _(Elixir Cinchonae et Ferri
N.F. III, Ferrated Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal).--Ferric phosphate
(3.5%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 92%) and water. Absolute
alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Phos.), Elixir of Ferric
Phosphate, N.F._--Ferric phosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir.
Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Gent. et Ferr. Phosph.),
Elixir of Gentian and Ferric Phosphate, N.F._ (Elixir Gentianae
Ferratum).--Ferric phosphate (1.75%), elixir of gentian (about 95%) and
water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum (Syr. Ferr. Quin. et
Strych. Phos.), Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine,
N.F._--Ferric phosphate (2%), quinine (2.6%), strychnine (0.02%),
phosphoric acid (5%) in glycerin, water and syrup.
USES: Needlessly complex "tonic."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Protochloridum, Ferrous Chloride= (Iron Protochloride).
_Liquor Ferri Protochloridi (Liq. Ferr. Protochlor.), Solution of
Ferrous Chloride, N.F._ (Solution of Protochloride of Iron).--A solution
of ferrous chloride in glycerin and water.
USES: Superfluous astringent iron solution.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
_Syrupus Ferri Protochloridi (Syr. Ferr. Protochlor.), Syrup of Ferrous
Chloride, N.F._ (Syrup of Protochloride of Iron).--Solution of ferrous
chloride (5%) in glycerin, orange flower water and syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Pyrophosphas (Ferr. Pyrophos.), Ferric Pyrophosphate, N.F.=
(Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate).
Thin, apple-green, transparent, odorless scales, with an acidulous,
slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in water and
insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Used in iron elixirs; no special
advantage over other soluble salts of iron.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.
_Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Pyrophos.), Elixir of Ferric
Pyrophosphate, N.F._ (Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron).--Ferric
pyrophosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol
content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr.
Pyrophos. Quin. et Strych.), Elixir of Ferric Pyrophosphate, Quinine and
Strychnine, N.F._--Ferric pyrophosphate (3.5%), quinine sulphate
(0.875%), strychnine citrate (0.014%), ammonium citrate, oil of orange,
alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
USES: A needlessly complex "tonic."
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Ferri Subsulphas, Ferric Subsulphate.=
_Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Subsulph.), Solution of Ferric
Subsulphate, U.S.P._ (Monsel's Solution, Solution of Basic Ferric
Sulphate).
USES: Local styptic and astringent
=*Ferri Sulphas (Ferr. Sulph.), Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P.= (Iron
Protosulphate).--FeSO{4} + 7H{2}O. (An impure product is commercially
known as copperas).
Pale bluish-green, odorless crystals, with a saline styptic taste.
Freely soluble (1:1.4) in water, insoluble in alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: Hematinic, especially in pills; but
mainly used in making pharmaceutical preparations. Formerly
used extensively as a disinfectant, but is only
deodorant.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
_*Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus (Ferr. Sulph. Exsic.), Exsiccated Ferrous
Sulphate, U.S.P._ (Dried Ferrous Sulphate).--Contains not less than 80
per cent. of FeSO{4}.
Grayish-white powder.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) as pills.
_Ferri Sulphas Granulatus (Ferr. Sulph. Gran.), Granulated Ferrous
Sulphate, U.S.P._ (Precipitated Ferrous Sulphate).--Purified ferrous
sulphate.
Very pale, bluish-green, crystalline powder.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae (Pil. Ferr. Quin. Aloe.
et Nuc. Vom.), Pills of Iron, Quinine, Aloes and Nux Vomica, N.F._
(Pilulae Quadruplices, N.F. III, Quadruplex Pills, Quatuor Pills,
Pilulae Ferri et Quininae Compositae).--Each pill contains exsiccated
ferrous sulphate, quinine sulphate and aloes (each 0.065 Gm. or 1
grain), extract of nux vomica (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain) and extract of
gentian.
USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational "tonic."
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.)
=Ferri Tersulphas, Ferric Sulphate= (Iron Tersulphate).
_Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Tersulph.), Solution of Ferric
Sulphate U.S.P._ (Solution of Iron Tersulphate).
USES: For making pharmaceutical preparations
=*Ferrum (Ferr.), Iron, U.S.P.=--Metallic iron, Fe, in the form of fine,
bright, and non-elastic wire.
USES: For making the salts
=Ferrum Albuminatum, Iron Albuminate.=
_Liquor Ferri Albuminati (Liq. Ferr. Albumin.), Solution of Albuminate
of Iron, N.F._--Contains albuminate of iron equivalent to about 0.4% of
iron, Fe, in aromatic elixir, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol
content about 20 per cent.
USES: Non-astringent iron preparation; converted into
simple ionic iron by dilute acids.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)
=Ferrum Peptonatum, Iron Peptonate.=
_Liquor Ferri Peptonati (Liq. Ferr. Pepton.), Solution of Peptonate of
Iron, N.F._--Contains a compound of iron and peptonized fresh egg
albumin representing 0.4 per cent. metallic iron, Fe; flavored with oil
of orange, acetic ether and vanillin in alcohol and water. Absolute
alcohol content about 14 per cent.
USES: Non-astringent inorganic iron preparation.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Liquor Ferri Peptonati et Mangani (Liq. Ferr. Pepton. et Mangan.),
Solution of Peptonate of Iron and Manganese, N.F._ (Liquor Ferri
Peptonati cum Mangano, N.F. III).--Solution of peptonate of iron with
soluble manganese citrate (1%). Absolute alcohol content about 14 per
cent.
USES: Combination of iron and manganese, of doubtful
advantage over the solution of peptonate of iron.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)
=*Ferrum Reductum (Ferr. Reduct.), Reduced Iron, U.S.P.= (Ferrum
Redactum, Iron by Hydrogen, Quevenne's Iron).--Metallic iron, Fe (not
less than 90%), obtained by reduction of iron oxide by hydrogen.
Very fine, grayish-black, lusterless, odorless and tasteless
powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.
ACTION AND USES: A hematinic, relatively non-irritant;
given preferably just before meals in the form of pills or
powder enclosed in capsules or cachets.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.
_Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores (Pil. Ferr.,
Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Fort.), Stronger Pills of Iron, Quinine,
Strychnine, and Arsenic, N.F._ (Pilulae Metallorum, N.F. III, Metallic
Pills, Pilulae Metallorum Amarae, Bitter Metallic Pills).--Each pill
contains reduced iron and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain),
strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0032 Gm. or 1/20 grain) with
clarified honey.
USES: Complex and irrational tonic.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites (Pil. Ferr.,
Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Mit.), Mild Pills of Iron, Quinine, Strychnine
and Arsenic, N.F._ (Aitken Tonic Pills).--Each pill contains reduced
iron (0.045 Gm. or 2/3 grain), quinine sulphate (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain),
strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) with
clarified honey.
USES: Complex and irrational tonic.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
* * * * *
Note:--_The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without
sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine
themselves to the starred preparations._
* * * * *
=Ficus (Ficus), Fig, N.F.=
ACTION AND USES: Mild laxative
=FLUIDEXTRACTA, FLUIDEXTRACTS=.--Fluidextracts are concentrated liquid
preparations of vegetable drugs, generally containing alcohol either as
a solvent or as a preservative. One Cc. represents the extractives from
1 Gm. of drug.
The statements in this book regarding alcohol content are approximate
and are based on the alcohol contents of the menstruum used. For the
official preparations see under the names of the respective drugs. For
Fluidextractum Aromaticum, see under =Cinnamomum Saigonicum=.
=FLUIDGLYCERATA, FLUIDGLYCERATES=.--Preparations intended to be of the
same drug strength as fluidextracts--that is, representing 100 Gm. of
drug in 100 Cc. of preparation--but containing about 50 per cent. by
volume of glycerin and no alcohol. For the various fluidglycerates, see
under the names of the respective drugs.
=Foeniculum (Foenic.), Fennel, U.S.P.= (Fennel Seed).
ACTION AND USES: Aromatic and carminative.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains
=*Formaldehydum, Formaldehyde.=--CH{2}O.
_*Liquor Formaldehydi (Liq. Formaldehyd.), Solution of Formaldehyde,
U.S.P._--CH{2}O (not less than 37%) with methyl alcohol and water.
ACTION AND USES: A powerful germicide, especially
valuable in the form of gas for its penetrating power. Its
irritant actions generally preclude its use on the body.
For disinfecting rooms, from 150 Cc. or 5 fluidounces to 1 quart or 1
liter of the official formaldehyde solution are allowed to each 1,000
cubic feet of space by various authorities. Various methods have been
employed. One is to allow the solution to evaporate from sheets
suspended in the tightly closed room. Another is to generate the gas
in the room by treating the solution with potassium permanganate,
allowing about 110 Gm. or 3-1/2 ounces of potassium permanganate to
500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. A third method utilizes
the reaction between formaldehyde solution and sodium dichromate in
the presence of sulphuric acid, used in the proportion of 45 Cc. or
1-1/2 fluidounces of sulphuric acid and 280 Gm. or 9 ounces of sodium
dichromate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. These
methods are not effective if the temperature of the room be below 60
F. or the relative humidity below 65 per cent.
=Frangula (Frang.), Frangula, U.S.P.= (Buckthorn Bark).
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