Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 2 of 4: E-M)
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Title: Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 2 of 4: E-M)
Editor: Thomas Davidson
Release date: January 10, 2012 [eBook #38538]
Most recently updated: May 4, 2026
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38538
Credits: Produced by Colin Bell, Keith Edkins and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY (PART 2 OF 4: E-M) ***
Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
are listed at the end of the text.
* * * * *
In this version [=e] signifies "e macron"; [)e] "e breve"; [.e] "e with dot
above"; and so forth.
CHAMBERS'S
TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
PRONOUNCING, EXPLANATORY, ETYMOLOGICAL, WITH COMPOUND PHRASES,
TECHNICAL TERMS IN USE IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES,
COLLOQUIALISMS, FULL APPENDICES, AND
COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED
EDITED BY
REV. THOMAS DAVIDSON
ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA'
EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'
LONDON: 47 Paternoster Row
W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED
EDINBURGH: 339 High Street
1908
EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT.
THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE WORDS.--Every word is given in its _alphabetical_
order, except in cases where, to save space, derivatives are given after
and under the words from which they are derived. Each uncompounded verb has
its participles, when irregular, placed after it. Exceptional plurals are
also given. When a word stands after another, with no meaning given, its
meanings can be at once formed from those of the latter, by adding the
signification of the affix: thus the meanings of _Darkness_ are obtained by
prefixing the meaning of _ness_, _state of being_, to those of _Dark_.
Many words from French and other tongues, current in English usage, but not
yet fairly Anglicised, are inserted in the list of Foreign Phrases, &c., at
the end, rather than in the body of the Dictionary.
THE PRONUNCIATION.--The Pronunciation is given immediately after each word,
by the word being spelled anew. In this new spelling, every consonant used
has its ordinary unvarying sound, _no consonant being employed that has
more than one sound_. The same sounds are always represented by the same
letters, no matter how varied their actual spelling in the language. No
consonant used has any mark attached to it, with the one exception of _th_,
which is printed in common letters when sounded as in _thick_, but in
italics when sounded as in _th_en. _Unmarked vowels_ have always their
short sounds, as in _lad_, _led_, _lid_, _lot_, _but_, _book_. The _marked
vowels_ are shown in the following line, which is printed at the top of
each page:--
f[=a]te, fär; m[=e], h[.e]r; m[=i]ne; m[=o]te; m[=u]te; m[=oo]n; _th_en.
The vowel _u_ when marked thus, _ü_, has the sound heard in Scotch _bluid_,
_gude_, the French _du_, almost that of the German _ü_ in _Müller_. Where
more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that which is placed first
is more accepted.
THE SPELLING.--When more than one form of a word is given, that which is
placed first is the spelling in current English use. Unfortunately our
modern spelling does not represent the English we actually speak, but
rather the language of the 16th century, up to which period, generally
speaking, English spelling was mainly phonetic, like the present German.
The fundamental principle of all rational spelling is no doubt the
representation of every sound by an invariable symbol, but in modern
English the usage of pronunciation has drifted far from the conventional
forms established by a traditional orthography, with the result that the
present spelling of our written speech is to a large extent a mere exercise
of memory, full of confusing anomalies and imperfections, and involving an
enormous and unnecessary strain on the faculties of learners. Spelling
reform is indeed an imperative necessity, but it must proceed with a wise
moderation, for, in the words of Mr Sweet, 'nothing can be done without
unanimity, and until the majority of the community are convinced of the
superiority of some one system unanimity is impossible.' The true path of
progress should follow such wisely moderate counsels as those of Dr J. A.
H. Murray:--the dropping of the final or inflexional silent _e_; the
restoration of the historical _-t_ after breath consonants; uniformity in
the employment of double consonants, as in _traveler_, &c.; the discarding
of _ue_ in words like _demagogue_ and _catalogue_; the uniform levelling of
the agent _-our_ into _-or_; the making of _ea = [)e]_ short into _e_ and
the long _ie_ into _ee_; the restoration of _some_, _come_, _tongue_, to
their old English forms, _sum_, _cum_, _tung_; a more extended use of _z_
in the body of words, as _chozen_, _praize_, _raize_; and the correction of
the worst individual monstrosities, as _foreign_, _scent_, _scythe_,
_ache_, _debt_, _people_, _parliament_, _court_, _would_, _sceptic_,
_phthisis_, _queue_, _schedule_, _twopence-halfpenny_, _yeoman_, _sieve_,
_gauge_, _barque_, _buoy_, _yacht_, &c.
Already in America a moderate degree of spelling reform may be said to be
established in good usage, by the adoption of _-or_ for _-our_, as _color_,
_labor_, &c.; of _-er_ for _-re_, as _center_, _meter_, &c.; _-ize_ for
_-ise_, as _civilize_, &c.; the use of a uniform single consonant after an
unaccented vowel, as _traveler_ for _traveller_; the adoption of _e_ for
_oe_ or _æ_ in _hemorrhage_, _diarrhea_, &c.
THE MEANINGS.--The current and most important meaning of a word is usually
given first. But in cases like _Clerk_, _Livery_, _Marshal_, where the
force of the word can be made much clearer by tracing its history, the
original meaning is also given, and the successive variations of its usage
defined.
THE ETYMOLOGY.--The Etymology of each word is given after the meanings,
within brackets. Where further information regarding a word is given
elsewhere, it is so indicated by a reference. It must be noted under the
etymology that whenever a word is printed thus, BAN, BASE, the student is
referred to it; also that here the sign--is always to be read as meaning
'derived from.' Examples are generally given of words that are cognate or
correspond to the English words; but it must be remembered that they are
inserted merely for illustration. Such words are usually separated from the
rest by a semicolon. For instance, when an English word is traced to its
Anglo-Saxon form, and then a German word is given, no one should suppose
that our English word is derived from the German. German and Anglo-Saxon
are alike branches from a common Teutonic stem, and have seldom borrowed
from each other. Under each word the force of the prefix is usually given,
though not the affix. For fuller explanation in such cases the student is
referred to the list of Prefixes and Suffixes in the Appendix.
* * * * *
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY.
_aor._ aorist.
_abbrev._ abbreviation.
_abl._ ablative.
_acc._ according.
_accus._ accusative.
_adj._ adjective.
_adv._ adverb.
_agri._ agriculture.
_alg._ algebra.
_anat._ anatomy.
_app._ apparently.
_arch._ archaic.
_archit._ architecture.
_arith._ arithmetic.
_astrol._ astrology.
_astron._ astronomy.
_attrib._ attributive.
_augm._ augmentative.
_B._ Bible.
_biol._ biology.
_book-k._ book-keeping.
_bot._ botany.
_c._ (_circa_) about.
_c._, _cent._ century.
_carp._ carpentry.
_cf._ compare.
_chem._ chemistry.
_cog._ cognate.
_coll._, _colloq._ colloquially.
_comp._ comparative.
_conch._ conchology.
_conj._ conjunction.
_conn._ connected.
_contr._ contracted.
_cook._ cookery.
_corr._ corruption.
_crystal._ crystallography.
_dat._ dative.
_demons._ demonstrative.
_der._ derivation.
_dial._ dialect, dialectal.
_Dict._ Dictionary.
_dim._ diminutive.
_dub._ doubtful.
_eccles._ ecclesiastical history.
_e.g._ for example.
_elect._ electricity.
_entom._ entomology.
_esp._ especially.
_ety._ etymology.
_fem._ feminine.
_fig._ figuratively.
_fol._ followed; following.
_fort._ fortification.
_freq._ frequentative.
_fut._ future.
_gen._ genitive.
_gener._ generally.
_geog._ geography.
_geol._ geology.
_geom._ geometry.
_ger._ gerundive.
_gram._ grammar.
_gun._ gunnery.
_her._ heraldry.
_hist._ history.
_hort._ horticulture.
_hum._ humorous.
_i.e._ that is.
_imit._ imitative.
_imper._ imperative.
_impers._ impersonal.
_indic._ indicative.
_infin._ infinitive.
_inten._ intensive.
_interj._ interjection.
_interrog._ interrogative.
_jew._ jewellery.
_lit._ literally.
_mach._ machinery.
_masc._ masculine.
_math._ mathematics.
_mech._ mechanics.
_med._ medicine.
_metaph._ metaphysics.
_mil._ military.
_Milt._ Milton.
_min._ mineralogy.
_mod._ modern.
_Mt._ Mount.
_mus._ music.
_myth._ mythology.
_n._, _ns._ noun, nouns.
_nat. hist._ natural history.
_naut._ nautical.
_neg._ negative.
_neut._ neuter.
_n.pl._ noun plural.
_n.sing._ noun singular.
_N.T._ New Testament.
_obs._ obsolete.
_opp._ opposed.
_opt._ optics.
_orig._ originally.
_ornith._ ornithology.
_O.S._ old style.
_O.T._ Old Testament.
_p._, _part._ participle.
_p.adj._ participial adjective.
_paint._ painting.
_paleog._ paleography.
_paleon._ paleontology.
_palm._ palmistry.
_pa.p._ past participle.
_pass._ passive.
_pa.t._ past tense.
_path._ pathology.
_perf._ perfect.
_perh._ perhaps.
_pers._ person.
_pfx._ prefix.
_phil._, _philos._ philosophy.
_philol._ philology.
_phon._ phonetics.
_phot._ photography.
_phrenol._ phrenology.
_phys._ physics.
_physiol._ physiology.
_pl._ plural.
_poet._ poetical.
_pol. econ._ political economy.
_poss._ possessive.
_Pr.Bk._ Book of Common
Prayer.
_pr.p._ present participle.
_prep._ preposition.
_pres._ present.
_print._ printing.
_priv._ privative.
_prob._ probably.
_Prof._ Professor.
_pron._ pronoun;
pronounced;
pronunciation.
_prop._ properly.
_pros._ prosody.
_prov._ provincial.
_q.v._ which see.
_R.C._ Roman Catholic.
_recip._ reciprocal.
_redup._ reduplication.
_refl._ reflexive.
_rel._ related; relative.
_rhet._ rhetoric.
_sculp._ sculpture.
_Shak._ Shakespeare.
_sig._ signifying.
_sing._ singular.
_spec._ specifically.
_Spens_. Spenser.
_subj._ subjunctive.
_suff._ suffix.
_superl._ superlative.
_surg._ surgery.
_term._ termination.
_teleg._ telegraphy.
_Tenn._ Tennyson.
_Test._ Testament.
_theat._ theatre; theatricals.
_theol._ theology.
_trig._ trigonometry.
_ult._ ultimately.
_v.i._ verb intransitive.
_voc._ vocative.
_v.t._ verb transitive.
_vul._ vulgar.
_zool._ zoology.
* * * * *
Amer. American.
Ar. Arabic.
A.S. Anglo-Saxon.
Austr. Australian.
Bav. Bavarian.
Beng. Bengali.
Bohem. Bohemian.
Braz. Brazilian.
Bret. Breton.
Carib. Caribbean.
Celt. Celtic.
Chal. Chaldean.
Chin. Chinese.
Corn. Cornish.
Dan. Danish.
Dut. Dutch.
Egypt. Egyptian.
Eng. English.
Finn. Finnish.
Flem. Flemish.
Fr. French.
Fris. Frisian.
Gael. Gaelic.
Ger. German.
Goth. Gothic.
Gr. Greek.
Heb. Hebrew.
Hind. Hindustani.
Hung. Hungarian.
Ice. Icelandic.
Ind. Indian.
Ion. Ionic.
Ir. Irish.
It. Italian.
Jap. Japanese.
Jav. Javanese.
L. Latin.
Lith. Lithuanian.
L. L. Low or Late Latin.
M. E. Middle English.
Mex. Mexican.
Norm. Norman.
Norw. Norwegian.
O. Fr. Old French.
Pers. Persian.
Peruv. Peruvian.
Pol. Polish.
Port. Portuguese.
Prov. Provençal.
Rom. Romance.
Russ. Russian
Sans. Sanskrit.
Scand. Scandinavian.
Scot. Scottish.
Singh. Singhalese.
Slav. Slavonic.
Sp. Spanish.
Sw. Swedish.
Teut. Teutonic.
Turk. Turkish.
U.S. United States.
W. Welsh.
* * * * *
CHAMBERS'S
TWENTIETH CENTURY
DICTIONARY.
* * * * *
E the fifth letter in our own and the cognate alphabets, with four
sounds--e.g. _e_ in _e_vil, _i_ in _E_ngland, _u_ in the last syllable of
elev_e_n, Italian _e_ in pr_e_y. A subscript _e_ is commonly used to
lengthen the previous vowel, as in not, not_e_; bit, bit_e_; (_mus._) the
third note or sound of the natural diatonic scale, and the third above the
tonic C.
EACH, [=e]ch, _adj._ every one in any number separately considered.--_adv._
EACH'WHERE, everywhere. [A.S. _['æ]lc_, supposed to be for _á-ge-líc_, from
_á_ (=_aye_), pfx. _ge-_, and _líc_, like--i.e. aye-like.]
EADISH, obsolete form of EDDISH.
EAGER, [=e]'g[.e]r, _adj._ excited by desire: ardent to do or obtain:
(_obs._) earnest: keen, severe, sour, acid, bitter.--_adv._ EA'GERLY.--_n._
EA'GERNESS. [O. Fr. _aigre_--L. _acer_, _acris_, sharp.]
EAGER. Same as EAGRE.
EAGLE, [=e]'gl, _n._ a name given to many birds of prey in the family
_Falconidæ_: a military standard carrying the figure of an eagle: a gold
coin of the United States, worth ten dollars.--_adjs._ EA'GLE-EYED,
EA'GLE-SIGHT'ED, having a piercing eye: discerning; EA'GLE-FLIGHT'ED,
mounting high.--_ns._ EA'GLE-HAWK, a name applied to several eagles of
comparatively small size; EA'GLE-OWL, a genus of large owls, the largest in
Europe; EA'GLE-STONE, a variety of argillaceous oxide of iron occurring in
egg-shaped masses; EA'GLET, a young or small eagle.--_adj._ EA'GLE-WINGED,
having an eagle's wings.--_ns._ EA'GLE-WOOD, another name for agalloch or
calambac; SPREAD'-EA'GLE (see Spread). [O. Fr. _aigle_--L. _aquila_.]
EAGRE, [=e]'g[.e]r, _n._ rise of the tide in a river (same as Bore). [Ety.
dub.; hardly from A.S. _égor_, flood.]
EALDORMAN. See ALDERMAN.
EAN, [=e]n, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Shak._) to bring forth young.--_n._
EAN'LING, a young lamb. [A.S. _éanian_.]
EAR, [=e]r, _n._ a spike, as of corn.--_v.i._ to put forth ears.--_n._
EAR'-COCK'LE, a disease of wheat.--_adj._ EARED, of corn, having ears.
[A.S. _éar_; Ger. _ähre_.]
EAR, [=e]r, _v.t._ (_obs._) to plough or till.--_n._ EAR'ING (_obs._),
ploughing. [A.S. _erian_; cf. L. _ar[=a]re_, Gr. _aroein_.]
EAR, [=e]r, _n._ the organ of hearing, or the external part merely: the
sense or power of hearing: the faculty of distinguishing sounds: attention:
anything like an ear.--_ns._ EAR'ACHE, an ache or pain in the ear; EAR'BOB,
an earring; EAR'-CAP, a covering to protect the ear from cold; EAR'DROP, an
ornamental pendant hanging from the ear; EAR'DRUM, the drum or middle
cavity of the ear, tympanum (q.v.).--_adj._ EARED, having ears.--_n._
EAR'-HOLE, the aperture of the ear.--_adj._ EAR'-KISS'ING, whispered.--_n._
EAR'LAP, the tip of the ear: an ear-cap.--_adj._ EAR'LESS, wanting
ears.--_ns._ EAR'LOCK, a curl near the ear worn by Elizabethan dandies;
EAR'MARK, a mark set on the ears of sheep whereby their owners may
distinguish them: a distinctive mark.--_v.t._ to put an earmark on.--_n._
EAR'-PICK, an instrument for clearing the ear.--_adj._ EAR'-PIERC'ING,
shrill, screaming.--_ns._ EAR'RING, an ornamental ring worn in the ear;
EAR'-SHELL, any shell of the family _Haliotidæ_; EAR'SHOT, the distance at
which a sound can be heard; EAR'-TRUM'PET, a tube to aid in hearing;
EAR'WAX, a waxy substance secreted by the glands of the ear; EAR'WIG, an
insect which was supposed to creep into the brain through the ear: a
flatterer.--_v.t._ to gain the ear of: to bias: to torment by private
importunities (A.S. _éarwicga_, _éare_, ear, _wicga_, earwig).--_n._
EAR'WITNESS, a witness that can testify from his own hearing.--ABOUT ONE'S
EARS, said of a house falling, &c.; BE ALL EARS, to give every attention;
GIVE EAR, to attend; GO IN AT ONE EAR AND OUT AT THE OTHER, used of words
which make no permanent impression; HAVE A PERSON'S EAR, to be secure of
his favourable attention; HAVE ITCHING EARS, to be desirous of hearing
novelties (2 Tim. iv. 3); LEND AN EAR, to listen; OVER HEAD AND EARS,
overwhelmed: deeply engrossed or involved; SET BY THE EARS, to set at
strife; SPEAK IN THE EAR, to whisper; TICKLE THE EAR, to flatter; TURN A
DEAF EAR, to refuse to listen; WALLS HAVE EARS, a proverbial phrase
implying that there may be listeners behind the wall. [A.S. _éare_; cf. L.
_auris_, Ger. _ohr_.]
[Illustration]
EARL, [.e]rl, _n._ an English nobleman ranking between a marquis and a
viscount:--_fem._ COUNT'ESS.--_ns._ EARL'DOM, the dominion or dignity of an
earl; EARL'-MAR'SHAL, an English officer of state, president of the
Heralds' College--the Scotch form _Earl-marischal_. [A.S. _eorl_, a
warrior, hero; cf. Ice. _jarl_.]
EARLES-PENNY. See ARLES.
EARLY, [.e]r'li, _adj._ in good season: at or near the beginning of the
day: relating to the beginning: happening in the near future.--_adv._ near
the beginning: soon.--_n._ EAR'LINESS.--EARLY AND LATE, at all times; EARLY
BIRD, an early riser; EARLY ENGLISH (_archit._), generally applied to the
form of Gothic in which the pointed arch was first employed in Britain. The
Early English succeeded the _Norman_ towards the end of the 12th century,
and merged into the _Decorated_ at the end of the 13th.--KEEP EARLY HOURS,
to rise and go to bed betimes; SMALL AND EARLY (_coll._), applied to
evening parties; THE EARLY BIRD CATCHES THE WORM, a proverb in favour of
early rising. [A.S. _árlíce_--_['æ]r_, before.]
EARN, [.e]rn, _v.t._ to gain by labour: to acquire: to deserve.--_n.pl._
EARN'INGS, what one has earned: money saved. [A.S. _earnian_, to earn; cog.
with Old High Ger. _aran_, to reap; Ger. _ernte_, harvest.]
EARN, [.e]rn, _v.i._ to yearn. [A variant of _yearn_.]
EARNEST, [.e]r'nest, _adj._ showing strong desire: determined: eager to
obtain: intent: sincere: serious.--_n._ seriousness: reality.--_adv._
EAR'NESTLY.--_n._ EAR'NESTNESS. [A.S. _eornost_, seriousness; Ger.
_ernst_.]
EARNEST, [.e]r'nest, _n._ money given in token of a bargain made--also
EAR'NEST-MON'EY, EAR'NEST-PENN'Y: a pledge: first-fruits. [ETY. obscure;
possibly conn. with _arles_.]
EARST, obsolete form of ERST.
EARTH, [.e]rth, _n._ the name applied to the third planet in order from the
sun: the matter on the surface of the globe: soil: dry land, as opposed to
sea: the world: the inhabitants of the world: dirt: dead matter: the human
body: a fox's hole: (_pl._) the name applied by the alchemists and earlier
chemists to certain substances now known to be oxides of metal, which were
distinguished by being infusible, and by insolubility in water.--_v.t._ to
hide or cause to hide in the earth: to bury.--_v.i._ to burrow: to
hide.--_ns._ EARTH'-BAG, a sack of earth used in fortifications;
EARTH'-BATH, a bath of earth or mud; EARTH'-BOARD, the board of a plough,
or other implement, that turns over the earth.--_adjs._ EARTH'-BORN, born
from or on the earth; EARTH'-BOUND, bound or held by the earth, as a tree;
EARTH'-BRED, mean, grovelling.--_n._ EARTH'-CLOS'ET, a system consisting of
the application of earth to the deodorisation of fæcal matters.--_adjs._
EARTH'-CRE[=A]'TED, made of earth; EARTH'EN, made of earth or clay:
earthly.--_ns._ EARTH'ENWARE, crockery; EARTH'-FALL, a landslide.--_adj._
EARTH'-FED, contented with earthly things.--_ns._ EARTH'FLAX, asbestos;
EARTH'-HOG (see AARDVARK); EARTH'-HOUSE, the name given to the ancient
underground dwellings in Ireland and Scotland, also called _Picts' houses_;
EARTH'-HUNG'ER, the passion for acquiring land; EARTH'INESS; EARTH'LINESS;
EARTH'LING, a dweller on the earth.--_adjs._ EARTH'LY, belonging to the
earth: vile: worldly; EARTH'LY-MIND'ED, having the mind intent on earthly
things.--_ns._ EARTH'LY-MIND'EDNESS; EARTH'-NUT, the popular name of
certain tuberous roots growing underground; EARTH'-PEA, the hog-peanut;
EARTH'-PLATE, a buried plate of metal forming the earth-connection of a
telegraph-wire, lightning-conductor, &c.; EARTH'QUAKE, a quaking or shaking
of the earth: a heaving of the ground; EARTH'-SHINE, the faint light
visible on the part of the moon not illuminated by the sun; EARTH'-TREM'OR,
a slight earthquake.--_adv._ EARTH'WARD, toward the earth.--_ns._
EARTH'WORK, a fortification of earth; EARTH'-WORM, the common worm: a mean
person, a poor creature.--_adj._ EARTH'Y, consisting of, relating to, or
resembling earth: inhabiting the earth: gross: unrefined. [A.S. _eorthe_;
cf. Dut. _aarde_, Ger. _erde_.]
EASE, [=e]z, _n._ freedom from pain or disturbance: rest from work: quiet:
freedom from difficulty: naturalness.--_v.t._ to free from pain, trouble,
or anxiety: to relieve: to calm.--_adj._ EASE'FUL, ease-giving: quiet, fit
for rest.--_n._ EASE'MENT, relief: assistance: support:
gratification.--_adv._ EAS'ILY.--_n._ EAS'INESS.--_adj._ EAS'Y, at ease:
free from pain: tranquil: unconstrained: giving ease: not difficult:
yielding: not straitened (in circumstances): not tight: not strict, as in
'easy virtue.'--_interj._ EASY! a command to lower, or to go gently, to
stop rowing, &c.--_n._ EAS'Y-CHAIR, an arm-chair for ease or rest.--_adj._
EAS'Y-G[=O]'ING, good-natured: indolent.--EASE ONE'S SELF, to relieve
nature.--CHAPEL OF EASE (see CHAPEL); FREE AND EASY (see FREE).--HONOURS
EASY, when the honours are evenly divided at whist: ILL AT EASE,
uncomfortable; STAND AT EASE, used of soldiers, when freed from
'attention;' TAKE IT EASY, to be quite unconcerned: to be in no hurry; TAKE
ONE'S EASE, to make one's self comfortable. [O. Fr. _aise_; cog. with It.
_agio_; Prov. _ais_, Port. _azo_.]
EASEL, [=e]z'l, _n._ the frame on which painters support their pictures
while painting. [Dut. _ezel_, or Ger. _esel_, an ass.]
EASLE, [=e]s'l, _n._ (_Burns_) hot ashes. [A.S. _ysle_; cf. Ice. _usli_.]
EASSEL, a Scotch form for _eastward_, easterly.
EAST, [=e]st, _n._ that part of the heavens where the sun first shines or
rises: one of the four cardinal points of the compass.--_adj._ toward the
rising of the sun.--_ns._ EAST'-END, the eastern part of London, the
habitation of the poorer classes; EAST'-END'ER.--_adjs._ EAST'ER, EAST'ERN,
toward the east: connected with the east: dwelling in the east.--_n._
EAST'ERLING, a native of the East: a trader from the shores of the
Baltic.--_adj._ EAST'ERLY, coming from the eastward: looking toward the
east.--_adv._ on the east: toward the east.--_adjs._ EAST'ERNMOST,
EAST'MOST, situated farthest east.--_ns._ EAST'-IN'DIAMAN, a vessel used in
the East India trade; EAST'ING, the course gained to the eastward: distance
eastward from a given meridian; EAST'LAND, the land in the East.--_adv._
EAST'WARD, toward the east.--EAST-BY-SOUTH (NORTH), 11¼ degrees from due
east; EAST-SOUTH (NORTH)-EAST, 22½ degrees from due east.--EASTWARD
POSITION, the position of the celebrant at the Eucharist, when he stands in
front of the altar and facing it, instead of the usual practice of standing
at the north end of the altar, facing southward.--ABOUT EAST (_slang_), in
proper manner; THE EAST, the countries to the east of Europe; TURNING TO
THE EAST, a practice for both clergy and laity during service, esp. while
singing the creeds, the _Gloria Patri_, and the _Gloria in Excelsis._ [A.S.
_east_; Ger. _ost_; akin to Gr. _[=e][=o]s_, the dawn.]
EASTER, [=e]st'[.e]r, _n._ a Christian festival commemorating the
resurrection of Christ, held on the Sunday after Good-Friday.--_n._
EAST'ER-DAY, Easter Sunday.--_ns.pl._ EAST'ER-DUES, -OFF'ERINGS, 'customary
sums' which from time immemorial have been paid to the parson by his people
at Easter.--_ns._ EAST'ER-EGG, eggs stained of various colours, given as
presents on Easter; EAST'ERTIDE, Eastertime, either Easter week or the
fifty days between Easter and Whitsuntide. [A.S. _éastre_; Ger. _ostern_.
Bede derives the word from _Eastre_, a goddess whose festival was held at
the spring equinox.]
EAT, [=e]t, _v.t._ to chew and swallow: to consume: to corrode.--_v.i._ to
take food:--_pr.p._ eat'ing; _pa.t._ ate ([=a]t or et); _pa.p._ eaten
([=e]tn) or (_obs._) eat (et).--_adj._ EAT'ABLE, fit to be eaten.--_n._
anything used as food (chiefly _pl._).--_ns._ EAT'AGE, grass or fodder for
horses, &c.: the right to eat; EAT'ER, one who, or that which, eats or
corrodes; EAT'ING, the act of taking food.--_p.adj._ that eats:
corroding.--_ns._ EAT'ING-HOUSE, a place where provisions are sold ready
dressed: a restaurant; GOOD'-EAT'ING, something good for food.--EAT AWAY,
to destroy gradually: to gnaw; EAT IN, used of the action of acid; EAT ITS
HEAD OFF, used of an animal which costs as much for food as it is worth;
EAT ONE'S HEART, to pine away, brooding over misfortune; EAT ONE'S TERMS,
to study for the bar, with allusion to the number of times in a term that a
student must dine in the hall of an Inn of Court; EAT ONE'S WORDS, to
retract: to recant; EAT OUT, to finish eatables: to encroach upon; EAT THE
AIR (_Shak._) to be deluded with hopes; EAT UP, to devour: to consume,
absorb; EAT WELL, to have a good appetite. [A.S. _etan_; cf. Ger. _essen_,
Ice. _eta_, L. _ed[)e]re_, Gr. _edein_.]
EATH, [=e]th, _adj._ (_obs._) easy.--_adv._ EATH'LY. [A.S. _éathe_, easily;
cf. Old High Ger. _odi_, easy.]
EAU, [=o], _n._ the French word for water, used in English in various
combinations.--EAU CRÉOLE, a fine Martinique liqueur, made by distilling
the flowers of the mammee-apple with spirit of wine; EAU DE COLOGNE (see
under COLOGNE-EARTH); EAU DE VIE, brandy.
EAVES, [=e]vz, _n.pl._ the projecting edge of the roof: anything
projecting.--_ns._ EAVES'DRIP, EAVES'DROP, the water which falls from the
eaves of a house: the place where the drops fall.--_v.i._ and _v.t._
EAVES'DROP, to stand under the eaves or near the windows of a house to
listen: to listen for secrets.--_ns._ EAVES'DROPPER, one who thus listens:
one who tries to overhear private conversation; EAVES'DROPPING. [A.S.
_efes_, the clipped edge of thatch; cf. Ice. _ups_.]
EBB, eb, _n._ the going back or retiring of the tide: a decline or
decay.--_v.i._ to flow back: to sink: to decay.--_n._ EBB'-TIDE, the ebbing
or retiring tide. [A.S. _ebba_; Ger. _ebbe_; cog. with _even_.]
EBENEZER, eb-en-[=e]z'er, _n._ a memorial stone set up by Samuel after the
victory of Mizpeh (1 Sam. vii. 12): a name sometimes applied to a chapel or
meeting-house. [Heb., 'stone of help.']
EBIONITE, [=e]'bi-on-[=i]t, _n._ a name applied to Jewish Christians who
remained outside the Catholic Church down to the time of Jerome. They held
the Mosaic laws binding on Christians, and denied the apostolate of Paul
and the miraculous birth of Jesus.--_v.t._ E'BIONISE.--_adj._
EBIONIT'IC.--_ns._ EBION[=I]T'ISM, E'BIONISM. [Heb. _eby[=o]n_, poor.]
EBLIS, eb'lis, _n._ the chief of the fallen angels or wicked jinns in
Mohammedan mythology.--Also IB'LEES.
EBON, eb'on, EBONY, eb'on-i, _n._ a kind of wood almost as heavy and hard
as stone, usually black, admitting of a fine polish.--_adj._ made of ebony:
black as ebony.--_v.t._ EB'ONISE, to make furniture look like ebony.--_ns._
EB'ONIST, a worker in ebony; EB'ONITE, vulcanite (see under VULCAN).
[L.,--Gr. _ebenos_; cf. Heb. _hodn[=i]m_, pl. of _hobni_, _obni_--_eben_, a
stone.]
ÉBOULEMENT, [=a]-bool'mong, _n._ the falling in of the wall of a
fortification: a landslide or landslip. [Fr.]
EBRACTEATE, -D, e-brak't[=e]-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) without bracts.
EBRIATED, [=e]'bri-[=a]t-ed, _adj._ intoxicated.--_n._ EBR[=I]'ETY,
drunkenness.--_adj._ E'BRI[=O]SE, drunk.--_n._ EBRIOS'ITY. [L.
_ebri[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make drunk.]
ÉBRILLADE, [=a]-br[=e]-lyad', _n._ the sudden jerking of a horse's rein
when he refuses to turn. [Fr.]
EBULLIENT, e-bul'yent, _adj._ boiling up or over: agitated:
enthusiastic.--_ns._ EBULL'IENCE, EBULL'IENCY, a boiling over; EBULLI'TION,
act of boiling: agitation: an outbreak. [L. _ebullient-em_,
_ebull[=i]re_--_e_, out, and _bull[=i]re_, to boil.]
EBURNINE, eb-ur'nin, _adj._ of or like ivory--also EBUR'NEAN.--_ns._
EBURN[=A]'TION, a morbid change of bone by which it becomes very hard and
dense; EBURNIFIC[=A]'TION, art of making like ivory. [L. _ebur_.]
ÉCARTÉ, [=a]-kär't[=a], _n._ a game for two, played with the thirty-two
highest cards, one feature being the right to discard or throw out certain
cards for others. [Fr.,--_e_, out, _carte_, a card.]
ECAUDATE, [=e]-kaw'd[=a]t, _adj._ tailless.
ECBASIS, ek'ba-sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure in which the speaker treats of
things according to their consequences.--_adj._ ECBAT'IC, denoting a mere
result, not an intention. [Gr.]
ECBLASTESIS, ek-blas-t[=e]'sis, _n._ (_bot._) the production of buds within
flowers.
ECBOLE, ek'bo-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a digression: (_mus._) the raising or
sharping of a tone.--_adj._ ECBOL'IC, promoting parturition.--_n._ a drug
with this quality. [Gr.]
ECCALEOBION, ek-kal-e-[=o]'bi-on, _n._ a machine for the artificial
hatching of eggs. [Gr., 'I call out life.']
ECCE, ek'si, Latin word for 'behold.'--ECCE HOMO, behold the man (John,
xix. 5)--in art, a Christ crowned with thorns.
ECCENTRIC, -AL, ek-sen'trik, -al, _adj._ departing from the centre: not
having the same centre as another, said of circles: out of the usual
course: not conforming to common rules: odd.--_n._ ECCEN'TRIC, a circle not
having the same centre as another: (_mech._) a contrivance for taking an
alternating rectilinear motion from a revolving shaft: an eccentric
fellow.--_adv._ ECCEN'TRICALLY.--_n._ ECCENTRIC'ITY, the distance of the
centre of a planet's orbit from the centre of the sun: singularity of
conduct: oddness. [Fr.,--Low L. _eccentricus_--Gr. _ek_, out of, _kentron_,
centre.]
ECCHYMOSIS, ek-ki-m[=o]'sis, _n._ a discoloration of the surface produced
by blood effused below or in the texture of the skin.--_adjs._ EC'CHYMOSED,
ECCHYMOT'IC. [Gr.,--_ek_, out of, and _chymos_, juice.]
ECCLESIA, e-kl[=e]'zi-a, _n._ a popular assembly, esp. of Athens, where the
people exercised full sovereignty, and all above twenty years could vote:
applied by the Septuagint commentators to the Jewish commonwealth, and from
them to the Christian Church.--_adj._ ECCL[=E]'SIAL.--_ns._
ECCL[=E]'SIARCH, a ruler of the church; ECCL[=E]'SIAST, the
preacher--Solomon formerly considered as the author of Ecclesiastes: an
ecclesiastic; ECCL[=E]'SIASTES, one of the books of the Old Testament,
traditionally ascribed to Solomon; ECCLESIAS'TIC, one consecrated to the
church, a priest, a clergyman.--_adjs._ ECCL[=E]'SIASTIC, -AL, belonging to
the church.--_adv._ ECCLESIAS'TICALLY, in an ecclesiastical manner.--_ns._
ECCLESIAS'TICISM, attachment to ecclesiastical observances, &c.: the
churchman's temper or spirit; ECCLESIAS'TICUS, name of a book of the
Apocrypha; ECCLESIOL'ATRY, excessive reverence for church forms and
traditions.--_adj._ ECCLESIOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ ECCLESIOL'OGIST, a student of
church forms and traditions; ECCLESIOL'OGY, the science of building and
decorating churches: the science relating to the church. [Low L.,--Gr.
_ekklesia_, an assembly called out of the world, the church--_ek_, out, and
_kalein_, to call.]
ECCOPROTIC, ek-[=o]-prot'ik, _adj._ laxative, mildly cathartic.--_n._ a
laxative.
ECCRINOLOGY, ek-ri-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the branch of physiology relating to
the secretions.
ECCRISIS, ek'ri-sis, _n._ expulsion of waste or morbid matter.--_n._
ECCRIT'IC, a medicine having this property. [Gr.]
ECDYSIS, ek'di-sis, _n._ the act of casting off an integument, as in
serpents. [Gr.]
ECHE, [=e]k, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to eke out: to augment. [A.S. _écan_; akin to
L. _aug[=e]re_, to increase. See EKE.]
ECHELON, esh'e-long, _n._ an arrangement of troops in battalions or
divisions placed parallel to one another, but no two on the same alignment,
each having its front clear of that in advance. [Fr., from _échelle_, a
ladder or stair. See SCALE.]
ECHIDNA, ek-id'na, _n._ a genus of Australian toothless burrowing
monotremate mammals, armed with porcupine-like spines, laying eggs instead
of bringing forth the young.--_n._ ECHID'NINE, serpent-poison. [Formed from
Gr. _echidna_, a viper.]
ECHINATE, -D, ek'in-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ prickly like a hedgehog: set with
prickles or bristles.--_ns._ ECH[=I]'NITE, a fossil sea-urchin;
ECH[=I]'NODERM, one of the ECHINODER'MATA, a class of animals having the
skin strengthened by calcareous plates, or covered with spikes.--_adjs._
ECHINODER'MATOUS, relating to the Echinodermata; ECH'INOID, like a
sea-urchin.--_n._ one of the ECHINOI'DEA.--_n._ ECH[=I]'NUS, a sea-urchin:
(_archit._) the convex projecting moulding of eccentric curve in Greek
examples, supporting the abacus of the Doric capital. [Gr. _echinos_, a
hedgehog, and _derma_, skin.]
ECHO, ek'[=o], _n._ the repetition of sound caused by a sound-wave coming
against some opposing surface, and being reflected: a device in verse in
which a line ends with a word which recalls the sound of the last word of
the preceding line: imitation: an imitator:--_pl._ ECHOES
(ek'[=o]z).--_v.i._ to reflect sound: to be sounded back: to
resound.--_v.t._ to send back the sound of: to repeat a thing said: to
imitate: to flatter slavishly:--_pr.p._ ech'[=o]ing; _pa.p._
ech'[=o]ed.--_ns._ ECH'OISM, the formation of imitative words; ECH'OIST,
one who repeats like an echo.--_adj._ ECH'OLESS, giving no echo,
unresponsive.--_ns._ ECHOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the length of
sounds; ECHOM'ETRY, the art of measuring such.--CHEER TO THE ECHO, to
applaud most heartily, so that the room resounds. [L.,--Gr. _[=e]ch[=o]_, a
sound.]
ÉCLAIRCISSEMENT, ek-l[=a]r-sis'mong, _n._ the act of clearing up anything:
explanation.--COME TO AN ÉCLAIRCISSEMENT, to come to an understanding: to
explain conduct that seemed equivocal. [Fr. _éclaircir_, pr.p. _-cissant_,
_é_--L. _ex_, out, _clair_--L. _clarus_, clear.]
ECLAMPSIA, ek-lamp'si-a, _n._ a term often erroneously applied as
synonymous with epilepsy, while it is really the equivalent of convulsions,
but usually restricted to such as are due to such local or general causes
as teething, child-bearing, &c.--also ECLAMP'SY.--_adj._ ECLAMP'TIC.
[Formed from Gr. _eklampein_, to shine forth.]
ÉCLAT, [=a]-klä', _n._ a striking effect: applause: splendour: social
distinction, notoriety. [Fr. _éclat_, from O. Fr. _esclater_, to break, to
shine.]
ECLECTIC, ek-lek'tik, _adj._ selecting or borrowing: choosing the best out
of everything: broad, the opposite of exclusive.--_n._ one who selects
opinions from different systems, esp. in philosophy.--_adv._
ECLEC'TICALLY.--_n._ ECLEC'TICISM, the practice of an eclectic: the
doctrine of the ECLEC'TICS, a name applied to certain Greek thinkers in the
2d and 1st centuries B.C., later to Leibnitz and Cousin. [Gr.
_eklektikos_--_ek_, out, _legein_, to choose.]
ECLIPSE, e-klips', _n._ an obscuration of one of the heavenly bodies by the
interposition of another, either between it and the spectator, or between
it and the sun: loss of brilliancy: darkness.--_v.t._ to hide a luminous
body wholly or in part: to darken: to throw into the shade, to cut out,
surpass.--_p.adjs._ ECLIPSED', darkened, obscured; ECLIPS'ING, darkening,
obscuring.--_n._ ECLIP'TIC, the name given to the great circle of the
heavens round which the sun _seems_ to travel, from west to east, in the
course of a year: a great circle on the globe corresponding to the
celestial ecliptic.--_adj._ pertaining to an eclipse or the ecliptic.
[Through O. Fr. and L. from Gr. _ekleipsis_--_ek_, out, _leipein_, to
leave.]
ECLOGITE, ek'loj-[=i]t, _n._ a crystalline rock, composed of smaragdite and
red garnet. [Gr. _eklog[=e]_, selection--_ek_, out, _legein_, to choose.]
ECLOGUE, ek'log, _n._ a short pastoral poem like Virgil's _Bucolics_. [L.
_ecloga_--Gr. _eklog[=e]_, a selection, esp. of poems--_ek_, out of,
_legein_ to choose.]
ECONOMY, ek-on'o-mi, _n._ the management of a household or of money
matters: a frugal and judicious expenditure of money: a system of rules or
ceremonies: a dispensation, as 'the Christian economy:' regular operations,
as of nature.--_adjs._ ECONOM'IC, -AL, pertaining to economy: frugal:
careful.--_adv._ ECONOM'ICALLY.--_ns._ ECONOM'ICS, the science of household
management: political economy; ECONOMIS[=A]'TION, act of
economising.--_v.i._ ECON'OMISE, to manage with economy: to spend money
carefully: to save.--_v.t._ to use prudently: to spend with
frugality.--_ns._ ECONOM[=I]'SER, ECON'OMIST, one who is economical: one
who studies political economy.--POLITICAL ECONOMY (see under POLITIC). [L.
_oeconomia_--Gr. _oikonomia_--_oikos_, a house, _nomos_, a law.]
ÉCORCHÉ, [=a]-kor'sh[=a], _n._ a figure in which the muscles are
represented stripped of the skin, for purposes of artistic study. [Fr.
_écorcher_, to flay.]
ÉCOSSAISE, [=a]-ko-s[=a]z', _n._ a kind of country-dance of Scotch origin,
or music appropriate to such.--DOUCHE ÉCOSSAISE, the alternation of hot and
cold douches. [Fr., fem. of _Écossais_, Scotch.]
ECOSTATE, [=e]-kos't[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) not costate: ribless.
ECPHLYSIS, ek'fli-sis, _n._ (_path._) vesicular eruption.
ECPHONESIS, ek-f[=o]-n[=e]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure of speech which
uses questions, interjections, &c., for variety: in Greek use, the part of
the service spoken in an audible tone.
ECPHRACTIC, ek-frak'tik, _adj._ (_med._) serving to remove
obstructions.--_n._ a drug with such properties.
ECRASEUR, [=a]-kra-z[.e]r, _n._ (_surg._) an instrument for removing
tumours. [Fr.]
ECSTASY, ek'sta-si, _n._ a word applied to states of mind marked by
temporary mental alienation and altered or diminished consciousness:
excessive joy: enthusiasm, or any exalted feeling.--_v.t._ to fill with
joy.--_adjs._ EC'STASIED, enraptured; ECSTAT'IC, causing ecstasy: amounting
to ecstasy: rapturous.--_n._ one given to ecstasy: something spoken in a
state of ecstasy.--_adv._ ECSTAT'ICALLY. [Through O. Fr. and Low L. from
Gr. _ekstasis_--_ek_, aside, _histanai_, to make to stand.]
ECTAL, ek'tal, _adj._ (_anat._) outer, external--opp. to _Ental._--_adv._
EC'TAD. [Gr. _ektos_, without.]
ECTASIS, ek'ta-sis, _n._ the pronunciation of a vowel as long.
ECTHLIPSIS, ek-thlip'sis, _n._ omission or suppression of a letter. [Gr.]
ECTHYMA, ek-th[=i]'ma, _n._ a pustular disease of the skin, in which the
pustules often reach the size of a pea, and have a red, slightly elevated,
hardish base. [Gr., _ek_, _thyein_, to boil.]
ECTOBLAST, ek'to-blast, _n._ the outer wall of a cell.--_adj._
ECTOBLAS'TIC.
ECTODERM, ek'to-d[.e]rm, _n._ the external germinal layer of the embryo.
[Gr. _ektos_, outside, _derma_, skin.]
ECTOPARASITE, ek-t[=o]-par'a-s[=i]t, _n._ an external parasite.
ECTOPIA, ek-t[=o]'pi-a, _n._ (_path._) morbid displacement of
parts.--_adj._ ECTOP'IC.
ECTOPLASM, ek'to-plasm, _n._ the exterior protoplasm or sarcode of a
cell.--_adjs._ ECTOPLAS'MIC, ECTOPLAS'TIC.
ECTOZOA, ek-t[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ external parasites generally--opp. to
_Entozoa_.--_n._ ECTOZ[=O]'AN, one of the Ectozoa.
ECTROPION, -UM, ek-tr[=o]p'i-on, -um, _n._ eversion of the margin of the
eyelid, so that the red inner surface is exposed.--_adj._ ECTROP'IC. [Gr.
_ek_, out, and _trepein_, to turn.]
ECTYPE, ek't[=i]p, _n._ a reproduction or copy.--_adj._ EC'TYPAL.--_n._
ECTYPOG'RAPHY. [Gr. _ek_, out, and _typos_, a figure.]
ÉCU, [=a]'kü, or [=a]-k[=u]', _n._ a French silver coin, usually considered
as equivalent to the English crown--there were also gold _écus_ weighing
about 60 grains: a common name for the five-franc piece. [Fr.,--L.
_scutum_, a shield.]
ECUMENIC, -AL, ek-[=u]-men'ik, -al, _adj._ general, universal, belonging to
the entire Christian Church.--Also OECUMEN'IC, -AL.
ECZEMA, ek'ze-ma, _n._ a common skin disease, in which the affected portion
of the skin is red, and is covered with numerous small papules, which
speedily turn into vesicles.--_adj._ ECZEM'ATOUS. [Gr., from
_ekzein_--_ek_, out, _zeein_, to boil.]
EDACIOUS, e-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ given to eating: gluttonous.--_adv._
ED[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ ED[=A]'CIOUSNESS; EDAC'ITY. [L. _edax_,
_ed[=a]cis_--_ed[)e]re_, to eat.]
EDDA, ed'a, _n._ the name of two Scandinavian books--the 'Elder' Edda, a
collection of ancient mythological and heroic songs (9th-11th century); and
the 'Younger' or prose Edda, by Snorri Sturluson (_c._ 1230), mythological
stories, poetics, and prosody. [Ice., 'great-grandmother.']
EDDISH, ed'dish, _n._ pasturage, or the eatable growth of grass after
mowing. [Dubiously referred to A.S. _edisc_, a park.]
EDDY, ed'i, _n._ a current of water or air running back, contrary to the
main stream, thus causing a circular motion: a whirlpool: a
whirlwind.--_v.i._ to move round and round:--_pr.p._ edd'ying; _pa.p._
edd'ied.--_n._ EDD'YING, the action of the verb _eddy_. [Prob. from A.S.
_ed_, back; cf. Ice. _ida_--_id_, back.]
EDELWEISS, [=a]'del-v[=i]s, _n._ a small white composite, with pretty white
flower, found growing in damp places at considerable altitudes (5000-7000
feet) throughout the Alps. [Ger. _edel_, noble, _weiss_, white.]
EDEMATOSE, -OUS. Same as OEDEMATOSE, -OUS (q.v. under OEDEMA).
EDEN, [=e]'den, _n._ the garden where Adam and Eve lived: a
paradise.--_adj._ EDEN'IC. [Heb. _[=e]den_, delight, pleasure.]
EDENTATE, -D, e-den't[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ without teeth: wanting front
teeth--also EDEN'TAL.--_ns._ EDENT[=A]'TA, a Cuvierian order of mammals,
having no teeth or very imperfect ones; EDENT[=A]'TION,
toothlessness.--_adj._ EDEN'TULOUS, edentate. [L. _edent[=a]tus_,
toothless--_e_, out of, _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth.]
EDGE, ej, _n._ the border of anything: the brink: the cutting side of an
instrument: something that wounds or cuts: sharpness of mind or appetite:
keenness.--_v.t._ to put an edge on: to place a border on: to exasperate:
to urge on: to move by little and little.--_v.i._ to move sideways.--_n._
EDGE'-BONE, the haunch-bone.--_adjs._ EDGED; EDGE'LESS, without an edge:
blunt.--_ns._ EDGE'-RAIL, a rail of such form that the carriage-wheels roll
on its edges, being held there by flanges; EDGE'-TOOL, EDGED TOOL, a tool
with a sharp edge.--_advs._ EDGE'WAYS, EDGE'WISE, in the direction of the
edge: sideways.--_ns._ EDG'INESS, angularity, over-sharpness of outline;
EDG'ING, any border or fringe round a garment: a border of box, &c., round
a flower-bed.--_adj._ EDG'Y, with edges, sharp, hard in outline.--EDGE IN A
WORD, to get a word in with difficulty; EDGE OF THE SWORD, a rhetorical
phrase for the sword as the symbol of slaughter.--OUTSIDE EDGE, figure in
skating, made on the outer edge of the skate.--PLAY WITH EDGE-TOOLS, to
deal carelessly with dangerous matters.--SET ON EDGE, to excite; SET THE
TEETH ON EDGE, to cause a strange grating feeling in the teeth; to rouse an
instinctive dislike. [A.S. _ecg_; cf. Ger. _ecke_, L. _acies_.]
EDIBLE, ed'i-bl, _adj._ fit to be eaten.--_n._ something for food.--_ns._
EDIBIL'ITY, ED'IBLENESS, fitness for being eaten. [L.
_edibilis_--_ed[)e]re_, to eat.]
EDICT, [=e]'dikt, _n._ something proclaimed by authority: an order issued
by a king or lawgiver.--_adj._ EDICT'AL.--_adv._ EDICT'ALLY. [L.
_edictum_--_e_, out, _dic[)e]re_, _dictum_, to say.]
EDIFY, ed'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to build: to build up the faith of: to strengthen
spiritually towards faith and holiness: to comfort: to improve the
mind:--_pr.p._ ed'ifying; _pa.p._ ed'ified.--_n._ EDIFIC[=A]'TION,
instruction: progress in knowledge or in goodness.--_adj._ ED'IFICATORY,
tending to edification.--_n._ ED'IFICE, a large building or house.--_adj._
EDIFIC'IAL, structural.--_n._ ED'IFIER, one who edifies.--_adj._ ED'IFYING,
instructive: improving.--_adv._ ED'IFYINGLY. [Fr. _édifier_--L.
_ædific[=a]re_--_ædes_, a house, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
EDILE. See ÆDILE.
EDIT, ed'it, _v.t._ to prepare the work of an author for publication: to
superintend the publication of (a newspaper, &c.): to compile, garble, or
cook up materials into literary shape.--_ns._ EDI'TION, the publication of
a book: the number of copies of a book printed at a time; ED'ITOR, one who
edits a book: one who conducts a newspaper or journal:--_fem._
ED'ITRESS.--_adj._ EDIT[=O]'RIAL, of or belonging to an editor.--_n._ an
article in a newspaper written by the editor, a leading article.--_adv._
EDIT[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ ED'ITORSHIP. [L. _ed[)e]re_, _ed[)i]tum_--_e_, out,
_d[)a]re_, to give.]
EDUCATE, ed'[=u]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to bring up children: to train: to teach:
to cultivate any power.--_adj._ ED'UCABLE.--_n._ EDUC[=A]'TION, the
bringing up or training, as of a child: instruction: strengthening of the
powers of body or mind.--_adj._ EDUC[=A]'TIONAL.--_adv._
EDUC[=A]'TIONALLY.--_n._ EDUC[=A]'TIONIST, one skilled in methods of
educating or teaching: one who promotes education.--_adj._ ED'UCATIVE, of
or pertaining to education: calculated to teach.--_n._ ED'UCATOR. [L.
_educ[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_educ[)e]re_--_e_, out, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]
EDUCE, [=e]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to draw out: to extract: to cause to
appear.--_n._ inference.--_adj._ EDUC'IBLE, that may be educed or brought
out and shown.--_ns._ E'DUCT, what is educed; EDUC'TION, the act of
educing; EDUC'TION-PIPE, the pipe by which the exhaust steam is led from
the cylinder of a steam-engine into the condenser or the atmosphere;
EDUC'TOR, he who, or that which, educes. [L. _educ[)e]re_, _eductum_--_e_,
out, and _duc[)e]re_, to lead.]
EDULCORATE, [=e]-dul'k[=o]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to sweeten: to free from acids,
&c.--_adj._ EDUL'CORANT.--_n._ EDULCOR[=A]'TION.--_adj._
EDUL'COR[=A]TIVE.--_n._ EDUL'COR[=A]TOR.
EE, [=e], Scotch form of _eye_:--_pl._ EEN.
EEL, _n._ a name widely applied in popular usage, but justifiably extended
to all the members of the family _Murænidæ_--the body is much elongated,
cylindrical or ribbon-shaped.--_ns._ EEL'-BAS'KET, a basket for catching
eels; EEL'-POUT, in England, a Burbot (q.v.); in parts of Scotland, a
Blenny (q.v.): a well-known fish, with a slimy body, living chiefly in mud;
EEL'-SPEAR, an instrument with broad prongs for catching eels. [A.S.
_['æ]l_; Ger., Dut. _aal_.]
E'EN, [=e]n, a contraction of _even_.
E'ER, [=a]r, a contraction of _ever_.
EERIE, EERY, [=e]'ri, _adj._ exciting fear: weird: affected with fear:
timorous.--_adv._ EE'RILY.--_n._ EE'RINESS (_Scot._). [M. E. _arh_,
_eri_--A.S. _earg_, timid.]
EFFABLE, ef'a-bl, _adj._ capable of being expressed. [Fr.,--L.
_eff[=a]ri_--_ex_, out, _f[=a]ri_, to speak.]
EFFACE, ef-f[=a]s', _v.t._ to destroy the surface of a thing: to rub out:
to obliterate, wear away.--_adj._ EFFACE'ABLE, that can be rubbed
out.--_n._ EFFACE'MENT. [Fr. _effacer_--L. _ex_, out, _facies_, face.]
EFFECT, ef-fekt', _n._ the result of an action: impression produced:
reality: the consequence intended: (_pl._) goods: property.--_v.t._ to
produce: to accomplish.--_ns._ EFFEC'TER, EFFEC'TOR.--_adjs._ EFFEC'TIBLE,
that may be effected; EFFEC'TIVE, having power to effect: causing
something: powerful: serviceable.--_adv._ EFFEC'TIVELY.--_n._
EFFEC'TIVENESS.--_adjs._ EFFECT'LESS, without effect, useless; EFFEC'TUAL,
successful in producing the desired effect: (_Shak._) decisive.--_n._
EFFECTUAL'ITY.--_adv._ EFFEC'TUALLY.--_v.t._ EFFEC'TUATE, to
accomplish.--_n._ EFFECTUA'TION.--EFFECTUAL CALLING (_theol._), the
invitation to come to Christ which the elect receive.--FOR EFFECT, so as to
make a telling impression; GENERAL EFFECT, the effect produced by a
picture, &c., as a whole; GIVE EFFECT TO, to accomplish, perform; IN
EFFECT, in truth, really: substantially.--LEAVE NO EFFECTS, to die without
property to bequeath.--TAKE EFFECT, to begin to operate: to come into
force. [Fr.,--L. _effic[)e]re_, _effectum_, to accomplish--_ex_, out,
_fac[)e]re_, to make.]
EFFEIR, EFFERE, e-f[=e]r', _n._ Scotch form of _affair_.
EFFEMINATE, ef-fem'in-[=a]t, _adj._ womanish: unmanly: weak: cowardly:
voluptuous.--_n._ an effeminate person.--_v.t._ to make womanish: to unman:
to weaken.--_v.i._ to become effeminate.--_n._ EFFEM'INACY, womanish
softness or weakness: indulgence in unmanly pleasures.--_adv._
EFFEM'INATELY.--_n._ EFFEM'INATENESS. [L. _effemin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to
make womanish--_ex_, out, and _femina_, a woman.]
EFFENDI, ef-fen'di, _n._ a Turkish title for civil officials and educated
persons generally. [Turk.; from Gr. _authent[=e]s_, an absolute master.]
EFFERENT, ef'e-rent, _adj._ conveying outward or away.
EFFERVESCE, ef-f[.e]r-ves', _v.i._ to boil up: to bubble and hiss: to froth
up.--_ns._ EFFERVES'CENCE; EFFERVES'CENCY.--_adjs._ EFFERVES'CENT, boiling
or bubbling from the disengagement of gas; EFFERVES'CIBLE. [L.
_effervesc[)e]re_--_ex_, inten., and _ferv[=e]re_, to boil.]
EFFETE, ef-f[=e]t', _adj._ exhausted: worn out with age. [L. _eff[=e]tus_,
weakened by having brought forth young--_ex_, out, _fetus_, a bringing
forth young.]
EFFICACIOUS, ef-fi-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ able to produce the result
intended.--_adv._ EFFIC[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ EFFIC[=A]'CIOUSNESS;
EFFICAC'ITY; EF'FICACY, virtue: energy. [Fr.,--L. _efficax_,
_efficacis_--_effic[)e]re_.]
EFFICIENT, ef-fish'ent, _adj._ capable of producing the desired result:
effective.--_n._ the person or thing that effects.--_ns._ EFFI'CIENCE,
EFFI'CIENCY, power to produce the result intended, adequate
fitness.--_adv._ EFFI'CIENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _efficiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of
_effic[)e]re_--_ex_, out, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]
EFFIERCE, ef-f[=e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make fierce.
EFFIGY, ef'fi-ji, _n._ a likeness or figure of a person: the head or
impression on a coin: resemblance--(_arch._) EFFIG'IES.--BURN IN EFFIGY, to
burn a figure of a person, expressing dislike or contempt. [Fr.,--L.
_effigies_--_effing[)e]re_--_ex_, inten., _fing[)e]re_, to form.]
EFFLORESCE, ef-flo-res', _v.i._ to blossom forth: (_chem._) to become
covered with a white dust: to form minute crystals.--_ns._ EFFLORES'CENCE,
EFFLORES'CENCY, production of flowers: the time of flowering: a redness of
the skin: the formation of a white powder on the surface of bodies, or of
minute crystals.--_adj._ EFFLORES'CENT, forming a white dust on the
surface: shooting into white threads. [L. _effloresc[)e]re_--_ex_, out,
_floresc[)e]re_, to blossom--_flos_, _floris_, a flower.]
EFFLUENT, ef'floo-ent, _adj._ flowing out.--_n._ a stream that flows out of
another stream or lake.--_n._ EF'FLUENCE, a flowing out: that which flows
from any body: issue. [L. _effluens_, _-entis_, _pr.p._ of
_efflu[)e]re_--_ex_, out, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]
EFFLUVIUM, ef-fl[=oo]'vi-um, _n._ minute particles that flow out from
bodies: disagreeable vapours rising from decaying matter:--_pl._
EFFLU'VIA.--_adj._ EFFLU'VIAL. [Low L.,--L. _efflu[)e]re_.]
EFFLUX, ef'fluks, _n._ act of flowing out: that which flows out.--Also
EFFLUX'ION. [L. _efflu[)e]re_, _effluxum_.]
EFFODIENT, e-f[=o]'di-ent, _adj._ (_zool._) habitually digging.
EFFOLIATION, e-f[=o]-li-[=a]'shun, _n._ the removal or fall of the leaves
of a plant.
EFFORCE, ef-f[=o]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to compel. [Fr. _efforcer_--Late L.
_efforti[=a]re_--_ex_, out, _fortis_, strong.]
EFFORT, ef'fort, _n._ a putting forth of strength: attempt:
struggle.--_adj._ EF'FORTLESS, making no effort: passive. [Fr.,--L. _ex_,
out, _fortis_, strong.]
EFFRAY, an obsolete form of _affray_.
EFFRONTERY, ef-frunt'[.e]r-i, _n._ shamelessness: impudence: insolence. [O.
Fr.,--L. _effrons_, _effrontis_--_ex_, out, _frons_, _frontis_, the
forehead.]
EFFULGE, ef-fulj', _v.i._ to shine forth: to beam:--_pr.p._ effulg'ing;
_pa.p._ effulged'.--_n._ EFFUL'GENCE, great lustre or brightness: a flood
of light.--_adj._ EFFUL'GENT, shining forth: extremely bright:
splendid.--_adv._ EFFUL'GENTLY. [L. _effulg[=e]re_, to shine out, pr.p.
_effulgens_, _-entis_--_ex_, out, _fulg[=e]re_, to shine.]
EFFUSE, ef-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour out: to pour forth, as words: to
shed.--_n._ effusion, loss.--_adj._ loosely spreading, not compact,
expanded.--_n._ EFF[=U]'SION, act of pouring out: that which is poured out
or forth: quality of being effusive.--_adj._ EFF[=U]'SIVE, pouring forth
abundantly: gushing: expressing emotion in a pronounced manner.--_adv._
EFF[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._ EFF[=U]'SIVENESS. [L. _effund[)e]re_,
_effusum_--_ex_, out, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.]
EFT, eft, _n._ a kind of lizard: a newt. [A.S. _efeta_. Origin obscure. See
NEWT.]
EFT, eft, _adj._ ready (_Shak._, _Much Ado_, IV. ii. 38).
EFT, eft, _adv._ (_Spens._) afterwards, again, forthwith, moreover.--_adv._
EFTSOONS' (_obs._), soon afterwards, forthwith. [A.S. _æft_, _eft_, after,
again. See AFT.]
EGAD, [=e]-gad', _interj._ a minced oath. [_By God_.]
EGAL, [=e]'gal, _adj._ (_Shak._) equal.--_n._ EGAL'ITY, equality. [Fr.
_égalité_--_égal_--L. _æquus_, equal.]
EGER, [=e]'g[.e]r, _n._ Same as EAGRE.
EGENCE, [=e]'jens, _n._ exigence.
EGESTION, ej-est'yun, _n._ the passing off of excreta from within the
body.--_v.t._ EGEST', to discharge.--_n.pl._ EGEST'A, things thrown out,
excrements.--_adj._ EGEST'IVE. [L. _eger[)e]re_--_e_, out, _ger[)e]re_, to
carry.]
EGG, eg, _n._ an oval body laid by birds and certain other animals, from
which their young are produced: anything shaped like an egg.--_ns._
EGG'-APP'LE, or PLANT, the brinjal or aubergine, an East Indian annual with
egg-shaped fruit; EGG'-BIRD, a sooty tern; EGG'-C[=O]'SY, a covering put
over boiled eggs to keep in the heat after being taken from the pot:
EGG'-CUP, a cup for holding an egg at table; EGG'ER, EGG'LER, one who
collects eggs; EGG'ERY, a place where eggs are laid; EGG'-FLIP, a hot drink
made of ale, with eggs, sugar, spice, &c.; EGG'-GLASS, a small sand-glass
for regulating the boiling of eggs; EGG'-NOG, a drink compounded of eggs
and hot beer, spirits, &c.; EGG'-SHELL, the shell or calcareous substance
which covers the eggs of birds; EGG'-SLICE, a kitchen utensil for lifting
fried eggs out of a pan; EGG'-SPOON, a small spoon used in eating eggs from
the shell.--A BAD EGG (_coll._), a worthless person; PUT ALL ONE'S EGGS
INTO ONE BASKET, to risk all on one enterprise; TAKE EGGS FOR MONEY, to be
put off with mere promises of payment; TEACH YOUR GRANDMOTHER TO SUCK EGGS,
spoken contemptuously to one who would teach those older and wiser than
himself; TREAD UPON EGGS, to walk warily, to steer one's way carefully in a
delicate situation. [A.S. _æg_; cf. Ice. _egg_, Ger. _ei_, perh. L. _ovum_,
Gr. _[=o]on_.]
EGG, eg, _v.t._ to instigate. [Ice. _eggja_--_egg_, an edge; cog. with A.S.
_ecg_. See EDGE.]
EGIS. See ÆGIS.
EGLANDULAR, [=e]-glan'd[=u]-lar, _adj._ having no glands.
EGLANTINE, eg'lan-t[=i]n, _n._ a name given to the sweet-brier, and some
other species of rose, whose branches are covered with sharp prickles.
[Fr.,--O. Fr. _aiglent_, as if from a L. _aculentus_, prickly--_acus_, a
needle, and suff. _lentus_.]
EGLATERE, eg-la-t[=e]r', _n._ (_Tenn._) eglantine.
EGMA, eg'ma, _n._ (_Shak._) a corruption of _enigma_.
EGO, [=e]'g[=o], _n._ the 'I,' that which is conscious and thinks.--_ns._
E'G[=O]ISM (_phil._), the doctrine that we have proof of nothing but our
own existence: (_ethics_), the theory of self-interest as the principle of
morality: selfishness; E'G[=O]IST, one who holds the doctrine of egoism:
one who thinks and speaks too much of himself.--_adjs._ EG[=O]IST'IC, -AL,
pertaining to or manifesting egoism.--_ns._ EG[=O]'ITY, the essential
element of the ego; E'G[=O]THEISM, the deification of self.--_v.i._
E'GOTISE, to talk much of one's self.--_ns._ E'GOTISM, a frequent use of
the pronoun I: speaking much of one's self: self-exaltation; E'GOTIST, one
full of egotism.--_adjs._ EGOTIST'IC, -AL, showing egotism: self-important:
conceited.--_adv._ EGOTIST'ICALLY. [L. _ego_, I.]
EGOPHONY, [=e]-gof'o-ni, _n._ a tremulous resonance heard in auscultation
in cases of pleurisy.--Also ÆGOPH'ONY. [Gr. _aix_, a goat, _phon[=e]_,
voice.]
EGREGIOUS, e-gr[=e]'ji-us, _adj._ prominent: distinguished: outrageous:
enormous (in bad sense).--_adv._ EGR[=E]'GIOUSLY.--_n._ EGR[=E]'GIOUSNESS.
[L. _egregius_, chosen out of the flock--_e_, out, _grex_, _gregis_, a
flock.]
EGRESS, [=e]'gres, _n._ act of going out: departure: the way out: the power
or right to depart.--_n._ EGRES'SION, the act of going out. [L. _egredi_,
_egressus_--_e_, out, forth, and _gradi_, to go.]
EGRET, [=e]'gret, _n._ a form of _aigrette_.
EGYPTIAN, [=e]-jip'shi-an, _adj._ belonging to Egypt.--_n._ a native of
Egypt: a gipsy.--_adj._ EGYPTOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ EGYPTOL'OGIST; EGYPTOL'OGY,
the science of Egyptian antiquities.--EGYPTIAN DARKNESS, darkness like that
of Exod. x. 22.
EH, [=a], _interj._ expressing inquiry or slight surprise.--_v.i._ to say
'Eh.'
EIDENT, [=i]'dent, _adj._ busy: (_Scot._) diligent. [M. E. _ithen_--Ice.
_iðinn_, diligent.]
EIDER, [=i]'d[.e]r, _n._ the eider-duck, a northern sea-duck, sought after
for its fine down.--_n._ EI'DER-DOWN, the soft down of the eider-duck, used
for stuffing quilts. [Prob. through Sw. from Ice. _æðar_, gen. of _æðr_, an
eider-duck.]
EIDOGRAPH, [=i]'do-graf, _n._ an instrument for copying drawings. [Gr.
_eidos_, form, _graphein_, to write.]
EIDOLON, [=i]-d[=o]'lon, _n._ an image: a phantom or apparition: a
confusing reflection or reflected image:--_pl._ EID[=O]'LA. [Gr. See IDOL.]
EIFFEL-TOWER, [=i]f'el-tow'[.e]r, _n._ a colossal building--from the iron
structure, 985 feet high, erected (1887-89) in the Champ-de-Mars at Paris
by Gustave _Eiffel_.
EIGHT, [=a]t, _n._ the cardinal number one above seven: the figure (8 or
viii.) denoting eight.--_adj._ noting the number eight.--_adjs._ and _ns._
EIGHT'EEN, eight and ten, twice nine; EIGHT'EENM[=O], same as OCTODECIMO
(q.v.); EIGHT'EENTH, the ordinal number corresponding to eighteen.--_n._
EIGHT'FOIL (_her._), an eight-leaved grass.--_adjs._ EIGHT'FOLD, eight
times any quantity; EIGHTH, the ordinal number corresponding to
eight.--_n._ an eighth part.--_adv._ EIGHTH'LY, in the eighth
place.--_adjs._ and _ns._ EIGHT'IETH, the ordinal number corresponding to
eighty; EIGHT'Y, eight times ten, fourscore.--AN EIGHT, a crew of a
rowing-boat, consisting of eight oarsmen; AN EIGHT-OAR, or simply EIGHT,
the boat itself; AN EIGHT DAYS, a week; FIGURE OF EIGHT, a figure shaped
like an 8 made in skating; PIECE OF EIGHT, a Spanish coin; THE EIGHTS,
annual bumping boat-races which take place in the summer term in Oxford and
Cambridge between the various colleges. [A.S. _eahta_; Ger. _acht_, L.
_octo_, Gr. _okt[=o]_.]
EIGNE, [=a]n, _adj._ first-born. [Corrupt spelling of _ayne_--Fr. _aîné_.]
EIKON, [=i]'kon, _n._ Same as ICON.
EILD, [=e]ld, _adj._ (_Scot._) not yielding milk. [See YELD.]
EILD. Same as ELD (q.v.).
EINE, [=e]n, _n.pl._ (_obs._) eyes. [See EEN, under EE.]
EIRACK, [=e]'rak, _n._ (_Scot._) a young hen.
EIRENICON, [=i]-r[=e]'ni-kon, _n._ a proposal calculated to promote
peace.--_adj._ EIR[=E]'NIC. [Gr.,--_eir[=e]n[=e]_, peace.]
EIRIE, [=e]'ri, _n._ Same as EERIE.
EISTEDDFOD, es-teth'vod, _n._ a congress of Welsh bards and musicians held
in various towns for the preservation and cultivation of national poetry
and music. [W.; lit. 'session,' _eistedd_, to sit.]
EITHER, _[=e]'_th_[.e]r_, or _[=i]'_th_[.e]r_, _adj._ or _pron._ the one or
the other: one of two: each of two.--_conj._ correlative to _or_: (_B._)
or. [A.S. _['æ]gðer_, a contr. of _['æ]ghthwæðer_=_á_, aye, the pfx. _ge-_,
and _hwæther_, the mod. _whether_. See also EACH.]
EJACULATE, e-jak'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to eject: to utter with
suddenness.--_v.i._ to utter ejaculations.--_n._ EJACUL[=A]'TION, a sudden
utterance in prayer or otherwise: what is so uttered.--_adjs._
EJAC'ULATIVE; EJAC'ULATORY, uttered in short, earnest sentences. [L. _e_,
out, and _jacul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_jac[)e]re_, to throw.]
EJECT, e-jekt', _v.t._ to cast out: to dismiss: to dispossess of: to
expel.--_ns._ E'JECT, a coinage of Prof. Clifford for an inferred
existence, a thing thrown out of one's own consciousness, as distinguished
from _object_, a thing presented in one's consciousness; EJEC'TION,
discharge: expulsion: state of being ejected: vomiting: that which is
ejected.--_adj._ EJEC'TIVE.--_ns._ EJECT'MENT, expulsion; dispossession:
(_law_) an action for the recovery of the possession of land; EJECT'OR, one
who ejects or dispossesses another of his land: any mechanical apparatus
for ejecting. [L. _eject[=a]re_, freq. of _ejic[)e]re_, _ejectum_--_e_,
out, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]
EKE, [=e]k, _v.t._ to add to or increase: to lengthen.--_n._ E'KING, act of
adding: what is added.--EKE OUT, to supplement: to prolong. [A.S. _écan_,
akin to L. _aug[=e]re_, to increase.]
EKE, [=e]k, _adv._ in addition to: likewise. [A.S. _éac_; Ger. _auch_; from
root of _eke_, _v.t_.]
ELABORATE, e-lab'or-[=a]t, _v.t._ to labour on: to produce with labour: to
take pains with: to improve by successive operations.--_adj._ wrought with
labour: done with fullness and exactness: highly finished.--_adv._
ELAB'ORATELY.--_ns._ ELAB'ORATENESS; ELABOR[=A]'TION, act of elaborating:
refinement: the process by which substances are formed in the organs of
animals or plants.--_adj._ ELAB'ORATIVE.--_ns._ ELAB'ORATOR, one who
elaborates; ELAB'ORATORY=LABORATORY. [L. _elabor[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_,
out, _labor[=a]re_--_labor_, labour.]
ÉLAN, [=a]-long', _n._ impetuosity, dash. [Fr.]
ELANCE, e-lans', _v.t._ to throw out, as a lance. [Fr. _élancer_.]
ELAND, [=e]'land, _n._ the South African antelope, resembling the elk in
having a protuberance on the larynx. [Dut.; Ger. _elend_, the elk--Lith.
_élnis_, the elk.]
ELAPSE, e-laps', _v.i._ to slip or glide away: to pass silently, as
time.--_n._ ELAP'SION. [L. _elapsus_, _elabi_--_e_, out, away, _labi_,
_lapsus_, to slide.]
ELASMOBRANCHIATE, e-las-mo-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ pertaining to a class,
subclass, or order of fishes including sharks and skates, having lamellar
branchiæ or plate-like gills.
ELASTIC, e-las'tik, _adj._ having a tendency to recover the original form:
springy: able to recover quickly a former state or condition after a shock:
flexible: yielding.--_n._ a piece of string, cord, &c. made elastic by
having india-rubber woven in it.--_adv._ ELAS'TICALLY.--_ns._ ELASTIC'ITY,
springiness: power to recover from depression; ELAS'TICNESS. [Coined from
Gr. _elastikos_, _elaunein_, fut. _elasein_, to drive.]
ELATE, e-l[=a]t', _adj._ lifted up: puffed up with success:
exalted.--_v.t._ to raise or exalt: to elevate: to make proud.--_adv._
ELAT'EDLY.--_ns._ ELAT'EDNESS; EL'ATER, an elastic filament in certain
liverworts and scale-mosses: a skip-jack beetle; ELAT[=E]'RIUM, a substance
contained in the juice of the fruit of the squirting cucumber, yielding the
purgative ELAT'ERIN; EL[=A]'TION, pride resulting from success. [L.
_el[=a]tus_, pa.p. of _efferre_--_e_, out, _ferre_, to carry.]
ELBOW, el'b[=o], _n._ the joint where the arm bows or bends: any sharp turn
or bend.--_v.t._ to push with the elbow: to jostle.--_ns._ EL'BOW-CHAIR, an
arm-chair; EL'BOW-GREASE, humorously applied to vigorous rubbing;
EL'BOW-ROOM, room to extend the elbows: space enough for moving or acting:
freedom.--AT ONE'S ELBOW, close at hand; BE OUT AT ELBOW, to wear a coat
ragged at the elbows; UP TO THE ELBOWS, completely engrossed. [A.S.
_elnboga_--_el-_, allied to L. _ulna_, the arm, _boga_, a bend--_bugan_, to
bend. See ELL; BOW, _n._ and _v.t._]
ELCHEE, elt'shi, _n._ an ambassador.--Also EL'CHI, ELT'CHI. [Turk.]
ELD, eld, _n._ old age, senility: former times, antiquity.
ELDER, eld'[.e]r, _n._ a genus of plants consisting chiefly of shrubs and
trees, with pinnate leaves, small flowers (of which the corolla is
wheel-shaped and five-cleft), and three-seeded berries--the Common Elder is
the Scotch _Bourtree_.--_ns._ ELD'ER-BERR'Y, the acidulous purple-black
drupaceous fruit of the elder; ELD'ER-GUN, a popgun made of elder-wood by
extracting the pith; ELD'ER-WINE, a pleasant wine made from
elder-berries.--ELDER-FLOWER WATER, distilled water, with an agreeable
odour, made from the flowers. [A.S. _ellærn_, _ellen_.]
ELDER, eld'[.e]r, _adj._ older: having lived a longer time: prior in
origin.--_n._ one who is older: an ancestor: one advanced to office on
account of age: one of a class of office-bearers in the Presbyterian
Church--equivalent to the _presbyters_ of the New Testament.--_n._
ELD'ERLINESS.--_adj._ ELD'ERLY, somewhat old: bordering on old age.--_n._
ELD'ERSHIP, state of being older: the office of an elder.--_adj._ ELD'EST,
oldest. [A.S. _eldra_, _yldra_, comp. of _eald_, old.]
ELDING, el'ding, _n._ (_prov._) fuel. [Ice.,--_eldr_, fire.]
EL DORADO, el d[=o]-rä'd[=o], the golden land of imagination of the Spanish
conquerors of America: any place where wealth is easily to be made. [Sp.
_el_, the, _dorado_, pa.p. of _dorar_, to gild.]
ELDRITCH, el'drich, _adj._ (_Scot._) weird, hideous. [Der. obscure: perh.
conn. with _elf_.]
ELEATIC, el-e-at'ik, _adj._ noting a school of philosophers, specially
connected with _Elea_, a Greek city of Lower Italy, and including
Zenophanes, Parmenides, and Zeno.--_n._ one belonging to this school.
ELECAMPANE, el'e-kam-p[=a]n', _n._ a composite plant allied to Aster,
formerly much cultivated for its medicinal root. [Formed from Low L. _enula
campana_.]
ELECT, e-lekt', _v.t._ to choose out: to select for any office or purpose:
to select by vote.--_adj._ chosen: taken by preference from among others:
chosen for an office but not yet in it (almost always after the noun, as
'consul elect').--_n._ one chosen or set apart.--_n._ ELEC'TION, the act of
electing or choosing: the public choice of a person for office, usually by
the votes of a constituent body: freewill: (_theol._) the exercise of God's
sovereign will in the predetermination of certain persons to salvation:
(_B._) those who are elected.--_v.i._ ELECTIONEER', to labour to secure the
election of a candidate.--_n._ ELECTIONEER'ER.--_n._ and _adj._
ELECTIONEER'ING, the soliciting of votes and other business of an
election.--_adj._ ELECT'IVE, pertaining to, dependent on, or exerting the
power of choice.--_adv._ ELECT'IVELY.--_ns._ ELECTIV'ITY; ELECT'OR, one who
elects: one who has a vote at an election: the title formerly belonging to
those princes and archbishops of the German Empire who had the right to
elect the Emperor:--_fem._ ELECT'RESS, ELECT'ORESS.--_adjs._ ELECT'ORAL,
ELECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to elections or to electors: consisting of
electors.--_ns._ ELECT'ORATE, the dignity or the territory of an elector:
the body of electors; ELECT'ORSHIP.--THE ELECT (_theol._), those chosen by
God for salvation. [L. _e_, out, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]
ELECTRIC, e-lek'trik, _adj._ pertaining to or produced by
electricity.--_n._ any electric substance: a non-conductor of electricity,
as amber, glass, &c.--_adj._ ELEC'TRICAL.--_adv._ ELEC'TRICALLY.--_ns._
ELEC'TRIC-EEL (see GYMNOTUS); ELECTRI'CIAN, one who studies, or is versed
in, the science of electricity; ELECTRIC'ITY, name of the cause of certain
phenomena of attraction and repulsion: the phenomena themselves: the
science which investigates the nature and laws of these phenomena.--_adj._
ELEC'TRIF[=I]ABLE.--_n._ ELECTRIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ ELEC'TRIFY, to
communicate electricity to: to excite suddenly: to astonish: to adapt to
electricity as the motive power:--_pa.p._ elec'trified.--_n._
ELEC'TRISATION.--_v.t._ ELEC'TR[=I]SE, to electrify.--_ns._ ELEC'TRODE,
either of the poles of a galvanic battery; ELEC'TROLIER, a device for
suspending a group of incandescent lamps; ELEC'TRUM, amber: an alloy of
gold and silver.--ELECTRIC RAILWAY, a railway on which electricity is the
motive-power; ELECTRIC SPARK, one of the forms in which accumulated
electricity discharges itself; ELECTRIC STORM, a violent disturbance in the
electrical condition of the earth. [L. _electrum_--Gr. _elektron_, amber,
in which electricity was first observed.]
ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, e-lek'tro-b[=i]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science which treats of
the electricity developed in living organisms: that view of animal
magnetism according to which the actions, feelings, &c. of a person are
controlled by the will of the operator.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-BALLIS'TIC, of an
apparatus for determining by electricity the velocity of a
projectile.--_ns._ ELEC'TRO-BIOL'OGIST; ELEC'TRO-CHEM'ISTRY, that branch of
chemical science which treats of the agency of electricity in effecting
chemical changes.--_v.t._ ELEC'TROCUTE, to inflict a death penalty by means
of electricity.--_ns._ ELECTROC[=U]'TION, capital punishment by
electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAM'ICS, the branch of physics which treats of the
action of electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring
the strength of electro-dynamic action; ELEC'TRO-ENGRAV'ING, an etching
process in which the etched plate is placed in an electro-bath to deepen
the 'bite;' ELEC'TRO-GILD'ING, electroplating with gold;
ELEC'TRO-KINET'ICS, that branch of science which treats of electricity in
motion; ELECTROL'OGY, the science of applied electricity.--_v.t._
ELEC'TROLYSE, to subject to electrolysis.--_ns._ ELECTROL'YSIS, the process
of chemical decomposition by electricity; ELEC'TROLYTE, a body which admits
of electrolysis.--_adj._ ELECTROLYT'IC.--_n._ ELEC'TRO-MAG'NET, a piece of
soft iron rendered magnetic by a current of electricity passing through a
coil of wire wound round it.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-MAGNET'IC.--_ns._
ELEC'TRO-MAG'NETISM, a branch of science which treats of the relation of
electricity to magnetism; ELEC'TRO-MET'ALLURGY, a name given to certain
processes by which electricity is applied to the working of metals, as in
electroplating and electrotyping; ELECTROM'ETER, an instrument for
measuring the quantity of electricity.--_adjs._ ELECTROMET'RIC, -AL,
pertaining to the measurement of electricity.--_ns._ ELECTROM'ETRY, the
science of electrical measurements; ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TION, the passage of an
electric current in a voltaic circuit: motion produced by electricity
employed as power.--_adjs._ ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TIVE, pertaining to the motion
of electricity or the laws governing it.--_n._ ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TOR, an
apparatus for applying electricity as a motive-power.--_adj._
ELEC'TRO-NEG'ATIVE, appearing, as an element in electrolysis, at the
positive electrode: having the property of becoming negatively electrified
by contact with a dissimilar substance.--_ns._ ELEC'TROPH[=O]NE, an
instrument for producing sounds resembling trumpet-tones by electric
currents of high tension; ELECTROPH'ORUS, an instrument for obtaining
statical electricity by means of induction; ELEC'TRO-PHYSIOL'OGY, the study
of the electric phenomena of living organisms.--_v.t._ ELEC'TROPLATE, to
plate or cover with silver by electrolysis.--_n._ ELEC'TROPLATING.--_adjs._
ELEC'TRO-P[=O]'LAR, having, as an electrical conductor, one end or surface
positive and the other negative; ELEC'TRO-POS'ITIVE, attracted by bodies
negatively electrified, or by the negative pole of a voltaic battery:
assuming positive potential when in contact with another substance.--_ns._
ELEC'TROSCOPE, an instrument for detecting the presence of electricity in a
body and the nature of it; ELEC'TRO-STAT'ICS, that branch of science which
treats of electricity at rest; ELEC'TRO-TINT, a style of etching by means
of galvanism; ELEC'TROTYPE, the art of copying an engraving or type on a
metal deposited by electricity.--_adj._ ELECTROTYP'IC.--_ns._
ELEC'TROTYPIST; ELEC'TROTYPY, the art of copying.--_adj._
ELEC'TRO-V[=I]'TAL, electrical and dependent upon vital processes.
ELECTUARY, e-lek't[=u]-ar-i, _n._ a composition of medicinal powders with
honey or sugar. [Low L. _electuarium_--Gr. _ekleikton_--_ekleichein_, to
lick up.]
ELECTRON. See page 1208.
ELEEMOSYNARY, el-e-mos'i-nar-i, _adj._ relating to charity or almsgiving:
dependent on charity: given in charity. [Gr. _ele[=e]mosyn[=e]_,
compassionateness, alms--_eleos_, pity. See ALMS.]
ELEGANT, el'e-gant, _adj._ pleasing to good taste: graceful: neat: refined:
nice: richly ornamental.--_ns._ EL'EGANCE, EL'EGANCY, the state or quality
of being elegant: the beauty of propriety: refinement: that which is
elegant; ELEGANTE (el-e-gangt'), a lady of fashion.--_adv._ EL'EGANTLY.
[Fr.,--L. _elegans_, _-antis_--_e_, out, and root of _leg[)e]re_, to
choose.]
ELEGY, el'e-ji, _n._ a song of mourning: a funeral-song: a poem written in
elegiac metre.--_adj._ ELEG[=I]'AC, belonging to elegy: mournful: used in
elegies, esp. noting the kind of metre, alternate hexameter and pentameter
lines.--_n._ elegiac verse.--_adj._ ELEG[=I]'ACAL.--_ns._ EL[=E]'GIAST,
EL'EGIST, a writer of elegies.--_v.i._ EL'EG[=I]SE, to write an
elegy.--_v.t._ to write an elegy on. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _elegos_, a lament.]
ELEMENT, el'e-ment, _n._ a first principle: one of the essential parts of
anything: an ingredient: the proper state or sphere of any thing or being:
(_pl._) the rudiments of learning: the bread and wine used in the
Eucharist: fire, air, earth, and water, supposed by the ancients to be the
foundation of everything: (_chem._) the simplest known constituents of all
compound substances: (_astron._) those numerical quantities, and those
principles deduced from astronomical observations and calculations, which
are employed in the construction of tables exhibiting the planetary
motions.--_adj._ ELEMENT'AL, pertaining to elements or first principles:
fundamental: belonging to or produced by elements.--_n._ ELEMENT'ALISM, the
theory which resolves the divinities of antiquity into the elemental
powers.--_adv._ ELEMENT'ALLY.--_adj._ ELEMENT'ARY, of a single element:
primary: uncompounded: pertaining to the elements: treating of first
principles.--ELEMENTAL SPIRITS, beings in medieval belief who presided over
the four 'elements,' living in and ruling them. [Fr.,--L. _elementum_, pl.
_elementà_, first principles.]
ELEMI, el'em-i, _n._ a fragrant resinous substance, obtained from the
Manila pitch-tree, Arbol de la Brea.--_n._ EL'EMIN, the crystallisable
portion of elemi. [Cf. Fr. _élémi_, Sp. _elemi_; perh. Ar.]
ELENCH, e-lengk', ELENCHUS, e-lengk'us, _n._ refutation: a
sophism.--_adjs._ ELENCH'IC, -AL, ELENC'TIC. [L.,--Gr.
_elengchos_--_elengchein_, to refute.]
ELEPHANT, el'e-fant, _n._ the largest quadruped, having a very thick skin,
a trunk, and two ivory tusks: a special size of paper.--_ns._ ELEPHAN'TIAC,
one affected with elephantiasis; ELEPHANT[=I]'ASIS, a disease chiefly of
tropical climates, consisting of an overgrowth of the skin and connective
tissue of the parts affected, with occasional attacks of inflammation
resembling erysipelas.--_adjs._ ELEPHANT'INE, pertaining to an elephant:
like an elephant: very large or ungainly; ELEPHANT'OID,
elephant-like.--_ns._ EL'EPHANT-SEAL, the largest of the seals, the male
measuring about 20 feet in length; EL'EPHANT'S-FOOT, a plant of which the
root-stock forms a large fleshy mass resembling an elephant's foot, used as
food by the Hottentots; EL'EPHANT-SHREW, name applied to a number of
long-nosed, long-legged Insectivora, natives of Africa, and notable for
their agile jumping over loose sand.--A WHITE ELEPHANT, a gift which
occasions the recipient more trouble than it is worth--a white elephant
being a common gift of the kings of Siam to a courtier they wished to ruin.
[M. E. _olifaunt_--O. Fr. _olifant_--L. _elephantum_, _elephas_,
_-antis_--Gr. _elephas_, acc. to some from Heb. _eleph_, _aleph_, an ox.]
ELEUSINIAN, el-[=u]-sin'i-an, _adj._ relating to _Eleusis_ in
Attica.--ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES, the mysteries of Demeter celebrated at
Eleusis.
ELEUTHERIAN, el-[=u]-th[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ bountiful.
ELEUTHEROMANIA, el-[=u]th-er-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ mad zeal for freedom.--_n._
ELEUTHEROM[=A]'NIAC (_Carlyle_), one possessed with such. [Formed from Gr.
_eleutheros_, free, and _mania_.]
ELEVATE, el'e-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to raise to a higher position: to raise in
mind and feelings: to improve: to cheer: to exhilarate: to
intoxicate.--_p.adjs._ EL'EVATE, -D, raised: dignified: exhilarated.--_ns._
ELEV[=A]'TION, the act of elevating or raising, or the state of being
raised: exaltation: an elevated place or station: a rising ground: height:
(_archit._) a representation of the flat side of a building, drawn with
mathematical accuracy, but without any attention to effect: (_astron._,
_geog._) the height above the horizon of an object on the sphere, measured
by the arc of a vertical circle through it and the zenith: (_gun._) the
angle made by the line of direction of a gun with the plane of the horizon;
EL'EVATOR, the person or thing that lifts up: a lift or machine for raising
grain, &c., to a higher floor: a muscle raising a part of the body.--_adj._
EL'EVATORY, able or tending to raise. [L. _elev[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_,
out, up, _lev[=a]re_, to raise--_levis_, light. See LIGHT (2).]
ELÈVE, [=a]-lev', _n._ a pupil. [Fr.]
ELEVEN, e-lev'n, _n._ the cardinal number next above ten: the figure (11 or
xi.) denoting eleven: a team of eleven cricketers.--_adj._ noting the
number eleven.--_adj._ and _n._ ELEV'ENTH, the ordinal number corresponding
to eleven.--ELEVENTH HOUR, the very last moment, referring to Matt. xx. 6,
9. [A.S. _endleofon_; cf. Goth. _ainlif_.]
ELF, elf, _n._ in European folklore, a supernatural being, generally of
human form but diminutive size, more malignant than a fairy: a dwarf: a
tricky being:--(_pl._) ELVES.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) of the hair, to
entangle.--_n._ ELF'-CHILD, a changeling, or a child supposed to have been
left by elves in place of one stolen by them.--_adj._ ELF'IN, of or
relating to elves.--_n._ a little elf: a child.--_adjs._ ELF'ISH, ELV'AN,
ELV'ISH, elf-like, mischievous: tricky: disguised.--_n._ ELF'-LAND, the
land of the elves or fairies.--_n.pl._ ELF'-LOCKS (_Shak._) locks of hair
clotted together, supposed to have been done by elves.--_ns._ ELF'-SHOT,
ELF'-BOLT, ELF'-AR'ROW, an arrow-head of flint or stone. [A.S. _ælf_; cf.
Ice. _álfr_, Sw. _elf_.]
ELGIN MARBLES. See MARBLE.
ELICIT, e-lis'it, _v.t._ to entice: to bring to light: to deduce.--_n._
ELICIT[=A]'TION. [L. _elic[)e]re_, _elicitum_.]
ELIDE, e-l[=i]d', _v.t._ to rebut: to cut off, as a syllable.--_n._
ELI'SION, the suppression of a vowel or syllable. [L. _elid[)e]re_,
_elisum_--_e_, out, _læd[)e]re_, to strike.]
ELIGIBLE, el'i-ji-bl, _adj._ fit or worthy to be chosen: legally qualified:
desirable.--_n._ (_coll._) a person or thing eligible.--_ns._
EL'IGIBLENESS, ELIGIBIL'ITY, fitness to be elected or chosen: the state of
being preferable to something else: desirableness.--_adv._ EL'IGIBLY.
[Fr.,--L. _elig[)e]re_. See ELECT, _v.t._]
ELIMINATE, [=e]-lim'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to thrust out: to remove, cancel: to
leave out of consideration.--_adj._ ELIM'INABLE.--_n._ ELIMIN[=A]'TION. [L.
_elimin[)a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _limen_, _liminis_, a threshold.]
ELIQUATION, same as LIQUATION. See LIQUATE.
ELISION. See ELIDE.
ELITE, [=a]-l[=e]t, _n._ a chosen or select part: the best of anything.
[Fr. _élite_--L. _electa_ (_pars_, a part, understood). See ELECT, _v.t._]
ELIXIR, e-liks'[.e]r, _n._ more fully, ELIXIR VITÆ, or ELIXIR OF LIFE, a
liquor once supposed to have the power of indefinitely prolonging life or
of transmuting metals: the quintessence of anything: a substance which
invigorates: (_med._) a compound tincture. [Low L.,--Ar. _al-iks[=i]r_, the
philosopher's stone, from _al-_, the, _iks[=i]r_, prob. from Late Gr.
_x[=e]rion_, a desiccative powder for wounds--Gr. _x[=e]ros_, dry.]
ELIZABETHAN, e-liz-a-beth'an, _adj._ pertaining to Queen _Elizabeth_
(1533-1603) or her time--of dress, manners, literature, &c.--_n._ a poet or
dramatist of that age.--ELIZABETHAN ARCHITECTURE, a name applied to the
mixed style which sprang up on the decline of Gothic, marked by Tudor
bow-windows and turrets decorated with classic cornices and pilasters, long
galleries, enormous square windows, large apartments, plaster ceilings
wrought into compartments, &c.
ELK, elk, _n._ the largest species of deer, found in the north of Europe
and in North America.--IRISH ELK, a giant deer now extinct, known from the
remains found in the Pleistocene diluvium, esp. of Ireland. [Perh. from the
Scand., Ice. _elgr_, Sw. _elg_.]
ELL, el, _n._ a measure of length originally taken from the arm: a cloth
measure equal to 1¼ yd.--_n._ ELL'WAND, a measuring rod.--GIVE HIM AN INCH
AND HE'LL TAKE AN ELL, a proverb, signifying that to yield one point
entails the yielding of all. [A.S. _eln_; Dut. _el_, Ger. _elle_, L.
_ulna_, Gr. _[=o]len[=e]_.]
ELLAGIC, e-laj'ik, _adj._ pertaining to gall-nuts.
ELLEBORIN, el'[=e]-b[=o]-rin, _n._ a very acrid resin found in winter
hellebore.
ELLIPSE, el-lips', _n._ an oval: (_geom._) a figure produced by the section
of a cone by a plane passing obliquely through the opposite sides.--_ns._
ELLIP'SIS (_gram._), a figure of syntax by which a word or words are left
out and implied:--_pl._ ELLIP'S[=E]S; ELLIP'SOGRAPH, an instrument for
describing ellipses; ELLIP'SOID (_math._), a surface every plane section of
which is an ellipse.--_adjs._ ELLIPSOI'DAL; ELLIP'TIC, -AL, pertaining to
an ellipse: oval: pertaining to ellipsis: having a part understood.--_adv._
ELLIP'TICALLY.--_n._ ELLIPTIC'ITY, deviation from the form of a circle or
sphere: of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar
diameters. [L.,--Gr. _elleipsis_--_elleipein_, to fall short--_en_, in,
_leipein_, to leave.]
ELLOPS, el'ops, _n._ a kind of serpent or fish. [Gr.]
ELM, elm, _n._ a genus of trees of the natural order _Ulmaceæ_, with
serrated leaves unequal at the base, and small flowers growing in clusters
appearing before the leaves.--_adjs._ ELM'EN, made of elm; ELM'Y, abounding
with elms. [A.S. _elm_; Ger. _ulme_, L. _ulmus_.]
ELMO'S FIRE, el'm[=o]z f[=i]r, _n._ the popular name of an electric
appearance sometimes seen like a brush or star of light at the tops of
masts, spars, &c.--Also known as the Fire of St Elias, of St Clara, of St
Nicholas, and of Helena, as well as _composite_ or _composant_ (_corpus
sanctum_) on the Suffolk sea-board. [Explained as a corr. of _Helena_, name
of the sister of Castor and Pollux, or of St Erasmus, a 3d-cent. bishop,
Italianised as _Ermo_, _Elmo_.]
ELOCUTION, el-o-k[=u]'shun, _n._ the art of effective speaking, more esp.
of public speaking, regarding solely the utterance or delivery:
eloquence.--_adj._ ELOC[=U]'TIONARY.--_n._ ELOC[=U]'TIONIST, one versed in
elocution: a teacher of elocution. [Fr.,--L. _elocution-em_, _eloqui_,
_eloc[=u]tus_--_e_, out, _loqui_, to speak.]
ÉLOGE, [=a]-l[=o]zh', ELOGIUM, [=e]-l[=o]'ji-um, ELOGY, el'o-ji, _n._ a
funeral oration: a panegyric.--_n._ EL'OGIST, one who delivers an éloge.
[Fr. _éloge_--L. _elogium_, a short statement, an inscription on a tomb,
perh. confused with _eulogy_.]
ELOHIM, e-l[=o]'him, _n._ the Hebrew name for God.--_n._ EL[=O]'HIST, the
writer or writers of the Elohistic passages of the Old Testament.--_adj._
ELOHIST'IC, relating to Elohim--said of those passages in the Old Testament
in which Elohim is used as the name for the Supreme Being instead of
Jehovah. [Heb., pl. of _Eloah_--explained by Delitzsch as a plural of
intensity.]
ELOIN, ELOIGN, e-loin', _v.t._ to convey to a distance, to separate and
remove.--_ns._ ELOIN'MENT, ELOIGN'MENT. [O. Fr. _esloignier_ (Fr.
_éloigner_)--Low L. _elong[=a]re_. See ELONGATE.]
ELONGATE, e-long'g[=a]t, _v.t._ to make longer: to extend.--_p.adjs._
ELONG'ATE, -D.--_n._ ELONG[=A]'TION, act of lengthening out: distance. [Low
L. _elong[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _longus_, long.]
ELOPE, e-l[=o]p, _v.i._ to escape privately, said esp. of a woman, either
married or unmarried, who runs away with a lover: to run away, bolt.--_n._
ELOPE'MENT, a secret departure, esp. of a woman with a man. [Cf. Old Dut.
_ontl[=o]pen_, Ger. _entlaufen_, to run away.]
ELOQUENT, el'o-kwent, _adj._ having the power of speaking with fluency,
elegance, and force: containing eloquence: persuasive.--_n._ EL'OQUENCE,
the utterance of strong emotion in correct, appropriate, expressive, and
fluent language: the art which produces fine speaking: persuasive
speech.--_adv._ EL'OQUENTLY. [L. _eloquens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _eloqui_.]
ELSE, els, _pron._ other.--_adv._ otherwise: besides: except that
mentioned.--_advs._ ELSE'WHERE, in or to another place; ELSE'WISE, in a
different manner: otherwise. [A.S. _elles_, otherwise--orig. gen. of _el_,
other; cf. Old High Ger. _alles_ or _elles_.]
ELSIN, el'sin, _n._ (_Scot._) an awl. [From Old Dut. _elssene_ (mod.
_els_), from same root as _awl_.]
ELTCHI. Same as ELCHEE.
ELUCIDATE, e-l[=u]'si-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to make lucid or clear: to throw light
upon: to illustrate.--_n._ ELUCID[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ EL[=U]'CIDATIVE,
EL[=U]'CIDATORY, making clear: explanatory.--_n._ EL[=U]'CIDATOR. [Low L.
_elucid[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, inten., _lucidus_, clear.]
ELUCUBRATION. Same as LUCUBRATION.
ELUDE, e-l[=u]d', _v.t._ to escape by stratagem: to baffle.--_adj._
EL[=U]'DIBLE.--_n._ EL[=U]'SION, act of eluding: evasion.--_adj._
EL[=U]'SIVE, practising elusion: deceptive.--_adv._ EL[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._
EL[=U]'SORINESS.--_adj._ EL[=U]'SORY, tending to elude or cheat: evasive:
deceitful. [L. _elud[)e]re_, _elusum_--_e_, out, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]
ELUL, [=e]'lul, _n._ the 12th month of the Jewish civil year, and 6th of
the ecclesiastical. [Heb.,--_âlal_, to reap.]
ELUTRIATE, e-l[=u]'tri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to separate by means of water the
finer particles of earth and pigments from the heavier portions.--_ns._
EL[=U]'TION, washing from impurity; ELUTRI[=A]'TION. [L. _elutri[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_, to wash out, _elu[)e]re_--_e_, out, _lu[)e]re_, to wash.]
ELVAN, elv'an, _n._ the miner's name in the south-west of England for a
granular crystalline rock, composed of quartz and orthoclase, which forms
veins associated with granite.--Also ELV'ANITE. [Prob. Corn. _elven_,
spark.]
ELVAN, ELVES, ELVISH. See under ELF.
ELYSIUM, e-lizh'i-um, _n._ (_myth._) among the Greeks, the abode of the
blessed after death: any delightful place.--_adj._ ELYS'IAN, pertaining to
Elysium: delightful: glorious. [L.,--Gr. _[=e]lysion_ (_pedion_), the
Elysian (plain).]
ELYTRUM, el'it-rum, _n._ the fore-wing of beetles, modified to form more or
less hard coverings for the hind pair--also EL'YTRON:--_pl._
EL'YTRA.--_adjs._ EL'YTRAL; ELYT'RIFORM; ELYTRIG'EROUS. [Gr. _elytron_, a
sheath.]
ELZEVIR, el'ze-vir, _adj._ published by the _Elzevirs_, a celebrated family
of printers at Amsterdam, Leyden, and other places in Holland, whose small
neat editions were chiefly published between 1592 and 1681: pertaining to
the type used in their 12mo and 16mo editions of the Latin classics.--_n._
a special form of printing types.
EM, em, _n._ the name of the letter M: (_print._) the unit of measurement
in estimating how much is printed on a page.
'EM, [.e]m, _pron._ him: (_coll._) them. [Orig. the unstressed form of
_hem_, dat. and accus. pl. of _he_; but now used coll. as an abbreviation
of _them_.]
EMACIATE, e-m[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make meagre or lean: to deprive of
flesh: to waste.--_v.i._ to become lean: to waste away.--_p.adjs._
EM[=A]'CIATE, -D.--_n._ EMACI[=A]'TION, the condition of becoming emaciated
or lean: leanness. [L. _emaci[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, inten.,
_maci[=a]re_, to make lean--_macies_, leanness.]
EMANATE, em'a-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to flow out or from: to proceed from some
source: to arise.--_adj._ EM'ANANT, flowing from.--_ns._ EMAN[=A]'TION, a
flowing out from a source, as the universe considered as issuing from the
essence of God: the _generation_ of the Son and the _procession_ of the
Spirit, as distinct from the origination of created beings: that which
issues or proceeds from some source; EM'ANATIST.--_adjs._ EM'ANATIVE,
EM'ANATORY, EMAN[=A]'TIONAL. [L. _eman[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out from,
_man[=a]re_, to flow.]
EMANCIPATE, e-man'si-p[=a]t, _v.t._ to set free from servitude: to free
from restraint or bondage of any kind.--_ns._ EMANCIP[=A]'TION, the act of
setting free from bondage or disability of any kind: the state of being set
free; EMANCIP[=A]'TIONIST, an advocate of the emancipation of slaves;
EMAN'CIPATOR; EMAN'CIPIST, a convict who has served his time of punishment
in a penal colony. [L. _emancip[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, away from,
_mancip[=a]re_, to transfer property--_manceps_, _-cipis_, one who gets
property, from _manus_, the hand, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]
EMARGINATE, e-mär'jin-[=a]t, _v.t._ to take away the margin of.--_p.adj._
(_bot._) depressed and notched instead of pointed at the summit, as a leaf:
(_min._) having all the edges of the primitive form crossed by a face:
(_zool._) having the margin broken by a notch or segment of a circle.--_n._
EMARGIN[=A]'TION. [L. _emargin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out,
_margin[=a]re_, to provide with a margin--_margo_, a margin.]
EMASCULATE, e-mas'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of the properties of a
male: to castrate: to deprive of masculine vigour: to render
effeminate.--_ns._ EMASCUL[=A]'TION; EMAS'CUL[=A]TOR.--_adj._
EMAS'CUL[=A]TORY. [Low L. _emascul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, neg.,
_masculus_, dim. of _mas_, a male.]
EMBACE, em-b[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as EMBASE.
EMBALE, em-b[=a]l', _v.t._ to make up, as into a bale: to bind up: to
enclose. [Fr. _emballer_--_em_--L. _in_, _balle_, a bale.]
EMBALL, em-bawl', _v.t._ to encircle: ensphere.--_n._ EMBALL'ING.
EMBALM, em-bäm', _v.t._ to preserve from decay by aromatic drugs, as a dead
body: to perfume: to preserve with care and affection.--_ns._ EMBALM'ER;
EMBALM'ING; EMBALM'MENT. [Fr. _embaumer_, from _em_, in, and _baume_. See
BALM.]
EMBANK, em-bangk', _v.t._ to enclose or defend with a bank or dike.--_n._
EMBANK'MENT, the act of embanking: a bank or mound made to keep water
within certain limits: a mound constructed so as to carry a level road or
railway over a low-lying place. [Coined from _em_, in, and _bank_.]
EMBAR, em-bär', _v.t._ to shut in; to hinder or stop:--_pr.p._ embar'ring;
_pa.p._ embarred'.--_n._ EMBAR'RING.
EMBARCATION. Same as EMBARKATION.
EMBARGO, em-bär'g[=o], _n._ a temporary order from the Admiralty to prevent
the arrival or departure of ships: a stoppage of trade for a short time by
authority:--_pl._ EMBAR'GOES.--_v.t._ to lay an embargo on: to
seize.--_pr.p._ embar'g[=o]ing; _pa.p._ embar'g[=o]ed. [Sp.,--_embargar_,
to impede, to restrain--Sp. _em_, in, _barra_, a bar. See BARRICADE and
EMBARRASS.]
EMBARK, em-bärk', _v.t._ to put on board ship: to engage in any
affair.--_v.i._ to go on board ship: to engage in a business: to
enlist.--_n._ EMBARK[=A]'TION, a putting or going on board: that which is
embarked: (_obs._) a vessel.--_p.adjs._ EMBARKED'; EMBARK'ING.--_n._
EMBARK'MENT. [Fr. _embarquer_, from _em_, in, _barque_, a bark.]
EMBARRASS, em-bar'as, _v.t._ to encumber: to involve in difficulty, esp. in
money matters: to perplex.--_p.adj._ EMBARR'ASSED, perplexed:
constrained.--_n._ EMBARR'ASSMENT, perplexity or confusion: difficulties in
money matters.--EMBARRAS DES RICHESSES, a superabundance of materials, an
abundance so great that choice is difficult. [Fr. _embarrasser_--_em_, in,
_barre_, bar.]
EMBASE, em-b[=a]z', _v.t._ (_obs._) to bring down: to degrade.--_p.adj._
EMBASED'.--_n._ EMBASE'MENT. [_Em_ and _base_.]
EMBASSY, em'bas-i, _n._ the charge or function of an ambassador: the person
or persons sent on an undertaking.--_ns._ EM'BASSADE, EM'BASSAGE (same as
AMBASSAGE); EMBASS'ADOR (same as AMBASSADOR).
EMBATHE, em-b[=a]_th_' _v.t._ to bathe.
EMBATTLE, em-bat'l, _v.t._ to furnish with battlements.--_p.adj._
EMBATT'LED, furnished with battlements: (_her._) having the outline like a
battlement.--_n._ EMBATT'LEMENT (same as BATTLEMENT). [_Em_, and O. Fr.
_bastiller_, from the same root as _battlement_, _bastille_, and _baste_,
to sew. The form of this word is due to a confusion with Eng. _battle_.]
EMBATTLE, em-bat'l, _v.t._ to range in order of battle: to arm--_p.adj._
EMBATT'LED, arranged for battle. [O. Fr. _embataillier_--_en_, in,
_bataille_, battle.]
EMBAY, em-b[=a]', _v.t._ to enclose in a bay: to land-lock.--_n._
EMBAY'MENT, a bay. [_Em_, in, into, and _bay_.]
EMBAY, em-b[=a]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bathe. [_Em_, in, and Fr. _baigner_.
See BAGNIO.]
EMBED, em-bed', IMBED, im-, _v.t._ to place in a mass of matter: to lay, as
in a bed.--_n._ EMBED'MENT, the act of embedding: state of being embedded.
EMBELLISH, em-bel'ish, _v.t._ to make beautiful with ornaments: to
decorate: to make graceful: to illustrate pictorially, as a book.--_n._
EMBELL'ISHER.--_adv._ EMBELL'ISHINGLY.--_n._ EMBELL'ISHMENT, act of
embellishing or adorning: decoration: ornament. [Fr. _embellir_,
_embellissant_--_em_, in, _bel_, _beau_, beautiful.]
EMBER, em'b[.e]r, _n._ a live piece of coal or wood: chiefly in _pl._
red-hot ashes: smouldering remains of a fire. [A.S. _['æ]merge_; Ice.
_eimyrja_. The _b_ is simply euphonic.]
EMBER-DAYS, em'b[.e]r-d[=a]z, _n.pl._ the three Fast-days in each quarter
(Wednesday, Friday, Saturday)--following the first Sunday in Lent,
Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (Sept. 14th), and St Lucia's Day (Dec.
13th).--_n._ EM'BER-WEEK, the week in which the ember-days occur. [A.S.
_ymbryne_, a circuit--_ymb_, round (Ger. _um_, L. _ambi-_), and _ryne_, a
running, from _rinnan_, to run.]
EMBER-GOOSE, em'b[.e]r-g[=oo]s, _n._ a kind of sea-fowl, the Great Northern
Diver. [Norw. _emmer_; Ger. _imber_.]
EMBEZZLE, em-bez'l, _v.t._ to appropriate fraudulently what has been
entrusted.--_ns._ EMBEZZ'LEMENT, fraudulent appropriation of another's
property by the person to whom it was entrusted; EMBEZZ'LER. [Perh. from
root of _imbecile_, the primary sense being to weaken: (_obs._) BEZZ'LE, to
squander, from O. Fr. _besiler_, to destroy, is the same word.]
EMBITTER, em-bit'[.e]r, _Imbitter_, im-, _v.t._ to make bitter: to increase
(ill-feeling).--_p.adj._ EMBITT'ERED, soured.--_n._ EMBITT'ERER.--_p.adj._
EMBITT'ERING.--_n._ EMBITT'ERMENT.
EMBLAZON, em-bl[=a]'zn, _v.t._ to deck in blazing colours: (_her._) to
blazon or adorn with figures: to depict heraldically.--_v.t._ EMBLAZE', to
illuminate.--_ns._ EMBL[=A]'ZONER; EMBL[=A]'ZONMENT, an emblazoning;
EMBL[=A]'ZONRY, the art of emblazoning or adorning: devices on shields.
[_Em_, and _blaze_, _blazon_.]
EMBLEM, em'blem, _n._ a picture representing to the mind something
different from itself: a type or symbol: (_Milton_) an inlaid
ornament.--_v.t._ to symbolise.--_n._ EMBL[=E]'MA, an inlaid
ornament:--_pl._ EMBL[=E]'MATA.--_adjs._ EMBLEMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or
containing emblems: symbolical: representing.--_adv._
EMBLEMAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ EMBLEM'ATISE, EM'BLEMISE, to represent by an
emblem:--_pr.p._ emblem'at[=i]sing; _pa.p._ emblem'at[=i]sed.--_n._
EMBLEM'ATIST, a writer or inventor of emblems. [L. _embl[=e]ma_--Gr. _em_
(=_en_), in, _ballein_, to cast.]
EMBLEMENTS, em'bl-ments, _n.pl._ crops raised by the labour of the
cultivator, but not fruits nor grass. [O. Fr. _emblaer_, to sow with
corn--Low L. _imblad[=a]re_--_in_, in, _bladum_, wheat.]
EMBLOOM, em-bl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to cover with bloom.
EMBLOSSOM, em-blos'om, _v.t._ to cover with blossom.
EMBODY, em-bod'i, IMBODY, im-, _v.t._ to form into a body: to make
corporeal: to make tangible: to express (an idea in words): to
organise.--_v.i._ to unite in a body or mass.--_p.adj._ EMBOD'IED.--_n._
EMBOD'IMENT, act of embodying: state of being embodied: that in which
something is embodied. [_Em_, in, and _body_.]
EMBOGUE, em-b[=o]g', _v.i._ to discharge itself.
EMBOIL, em-boil', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to burn with anger.--_v.t._ to cause to
burn with anger: to irritate.
EMBOLDEN, em-b[=o]ld'n, IMBOLDEN, im-, _v.t._ to make bold or courageous.
[_Em_, to make, and _bold_.]
EMBOLISM, em'bo-lizm, _n._ the insertion of days in an account of time to
produce regularity: an intercalated prayer for deliverance from evil coming
after the Lord's Prayer: (_med._) the presence of obstructing clots in the
blood-vessels.--_adjs._ EMBOLIS'MAL, EMBOLIS'MIC.--_n._ EM'BOLUS, the clot
of fibrin obstructing a blood-vessel, causing embolism. [Fr.,--Gr.
_embolismos_--_emballein_, to cast in.]
EMBONPOINT, ang-bong-pwang', _adj._ stout, plump, full in figure, mostly of
women: well-fed.--_n._ stoutness, plumpness, well-fed condition. [Fr.,--_en
bon point_, in good form.]
EMBORDER, em-bord'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Milton_) to border.
EMBOSCATA, em-bos-k[=a]'ta, _n._ an erroneous form of It. _imboscáta_, an
ambuscade.
EMBOSOM, em-booz'um, IMBOSOM, im-, _v.t._ to take into the bosom: to
receive into the affections: to enclose or surround. [_Em_, in, into, and
_bosom_.]
EMBOSS, em-bos', _v.t._ to produce (a raised pattern) by pressure upon
sheet-metal, leather, cloth, &c.: to ornament with raised-work: (_Spens._)
to cover with armour: to be wrapped in.--_p.adj._ EMBOSSED', formed or
covered with bosses: raised, standing out in relief: (_bot._) having a
protuberance in the centre.--_ns._ EMBOSS'ER; EMBOSS'MENT, a prominence
like a boss: raised-work. [_Em_, in, into, and _boss_.]
EMBOSS, em-bos', _v.i._ (_Milton_) to plunge into the depths of a
wood.--_v.t._ to make to foam at the mouth. [O. Fr. _embosquer_, _em_--L.
_in_, in, _bosc_, a wood. See AMBUSH.]
EMBOUCHURE, ang-boo-shür', _n._ the mouth of a river: the mouth-hole of a
wind musical instrument. [Fr.,--_em-boucher_, to put to the mouth--_en_,
in, _bouche_, a mouth.]
EMBOUND, em-bownd', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bound, enclose.
EMBOW, em-b[=o]', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to bow or arch.--_p.adj._ EMBOWED',
arched, vaulted: bent like a bow: the heraldic term noting anything bent
like a bow--as, e.g., the arm of a man. [_Em_ and _bow_.]
EMBOWEL, em-bow'el, _v.t._ properly, to enclose in something else; but also
used for disembowel, to remove the entrails from:--_pr.p._ embow'elling;
_pa.p._ embow'elled.--_n._ EMBOW'ELMENT. [_Em_, in, into, and _bowel_.]
EMBOWER, em-bow'er, IMBOWER, im-, _v.t._ to place in a bower: to shelter,
as with trees.--_p.adjs._ EMBOW'ERED; EMBOW'ERING.--_n._ EMBOW'ERMENT.
[_Em_, in, and _bower_.]
EMBOX, em-boks', _v.t._ to set in a box. [_Em_, in, _box_.]
EMBRACE, em-br[=a]s', _v.t._ to take in the arms: to press to the bosom
with affection: to take eagerly or willingly: to comprise: to admit, adopt,
or receive.--_v.i._ to join in an embrace.--_n._ an embracing: fond
pressure in the arms.--_ns._ EMBRACE'MENT; EMBRAC'ER.--_adjs._ EMBRAC'ING,
EMBRAC'IVE.--_adv._ EMBRAC'INGLY.--_n._ EMBRAC'INGNESS. [O. Fr. _embracer_
(Fr. _embrasser_)--L. _in_, in, into, _bracchium_, an arm. See BRACE.]
EMBRACE, em-br[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to brace, to fasten, or
bind:--_pr.p._ embrac'ing; _pa.p._ embraced'. [_Em_, in, and _brace_.]
EMBRACER, em-br[=a]'ser, _n._ (_law_) one who influences jurors by corrupt
means to deliver a partial verdict--also EMBR[=A]'CEOR, EMBR[=A]'SOR.--_n._
EMBRAC'ERY, the offence of an embracer. [O. Fr. _embraceor_, from
_embraser_, to set on fire.]
EMBRAID, em-br[=a]d', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to braid.
EMBRANCHMENT, em-bransh'ment, _n._ a branching off, as an arm of a river, a
spur of a mountain, &c. [Fr.]
EMBRANGLE, em-brang'gl, IMBRANGLE, im-, _v.t._ to confuse, perplex.--_n._
EMBRAN'GLEMENT. [_Em_, in, and _brangle_.]
EMBRASURE (_Shak._)=EMBRACEMENT.
EMBRASURE, em-br[=a]'zh[=u]r, _n._ a door or window with the sides slanted
on the inside: an opening in a wall for cannon. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _embraser_,
to slope the sides of a window, _em_--L. _in_, _braser_, to skew.]
EMBRAVE, em-br[=a]v', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make brave or showy, to
decorate: to inspire with bravery.
EMBREAD, _v.t._ (_Spens._) embraid.
EMBREATHE, em-br[=e]_th_', _v.t._ to breathe into, to inspire with. [_En_
and _breathe_.]
EMBROCATE, em'br[=o]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to moisten and rub, as a sore with a
lotion.--_n._ EMBROC[=A]'TION, act of embrocating: the lotion used. [Low L.
_embroc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, from Gr. _embroch[=e]_, a lotion--_embrechein_,
to soak in--_em_ (=_en_), in, into, _brechein_, to wet.]
EMBROGLIO=IMBROGLIO.
EMBROIDER, em-broid'[.e]r, _v.t._ to ornament with designs in needlework,
originally on the border.--_ns._ EMBROID'ERER; EMBROID'ERY, the art of
producing ornamental patterns by means of needlework on textile fabrics,
&c.: ornamental needlework: variegation or diversity: artificial ornaments.
[M. E. _embrouderie_--O. Fr. _embroder_, _em_, and _broder_, prob. Celt.,
acc. to Skeat. Bret. _brouda_, to pierce; confused with Fr. _border_, to
border.]
EMBROIL, em-broil', _v.t._ to involve in a broil, or in perplexity
(_with_): to entangle: to distract: to throw into confusion.--_n._
EMBROIL'MENT, a state of perplexity or confusion: disturbance. [Fr.
_embrouiller_--_em_, in, _brouiller_, to break out.]
EMBRONZE, em-bronz', _v.t._ to form in bronze.
EMBROWN, em-brown', IMBROWN, im-, _v.t._ to make brown: to darken,
obscure.--_p.adj._ EMBROWN'ING.
EMBRUE, em-br[=oo]', _v.t._ Same as IMBRUE.
EMBRYO, em'bri-[=o], EMBRYON, em'bri-on, _n._ the young of an animal in its
earliest stages of development: the part of a seed which forms the future
plant: the beginning of anything:--_pl._ EM'BRYOS, EM'BRYONS.--_ns._
EMBRYOC'TOMY, destruction of the fetus in the uterus; EMBRYOG'ENY, the
formation and development of the embryo; EMBRYOG'RAPHY, description of the
embryo.--_adjs._ EMBRYOLOG'IC, -AL, of or pertaining to embryology.--_ns._
EMBRYOL'OGIST; EMBRYOL'OGY, science of the embryo or fetus of
animals.--_adjs._ EM'BRYONATE, -D, in the state of an embryo; EMBRYON'IC,
EMBRYOT'IC, of or relating to anything in an imperfect state:
rudimentary.--_ns._ EMBRYOT'OMY, the division of a fetus to effect
delivery; EMBRYUL'CIA, forcible extraction of a fetus. [Low L.,--Gr.
_embryon_--_em_ (=_en_), in, _bryein_, to swell.]
EME, [=e]m, _n._ (_obs._) an uncle. [A.S. _éam_; Dut. _oom_.]
EMEND, e-mend', _v.t._ to remove faults or blemishes from: to correct or
improve.--_adj._ EMEND'ABLE, that may be emended.--_n.pl._ EMEND'ALS, funds
set apart for repairs in the accounts of the Inner Temple.--_v.t._
EM'ENDATE, to correct errors.--_ns._ EMEND[=A]'TION, removal of an error or
fault: correction; EM'END[=A]TOR, a corrector of errors in writings: one
who corrects or improves.--_adj._ EMEN'D[=A]TORY, mending or contributing
to correction. [L. _emend[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _menda_, a fault.]
EMERALD, em'[.e]r-ald, _n._ a very highly esteemed mineral of the same
species with the beryl, from which it differs in scarcely anything but its
colour, a beautiful velvety green.--_n._ EM'ERALD-COPP'ER (see
DIOPTASE).--EMERALD ISLE, a name for Ireland, owing to its greenness;
EMERALD TYPE (_print._), a small size of type. [O. Fr. _esmeralde_--L.
_smaragdus_--Gr. _smaragdos_.]
EMERGE, e-m[.e]rj', _v.i._ to rise out of: to issue or come forth: to
reappear after being concealed: to come into view: to result.--_ns._
EMER'GENCE, EMER'GENCY, act of emerging: sudden appearance: an unexpected
occurrence: pressing necessity; EMER'GENCY-MAN, a man provided for any
special service, esp. in Irish evictions, and in saving the crops and other
property of men boycotted.--_adj._ EMER'GENT, emerging: suddenly appearing:
arising unexpectedly: urgent.--_adv._ EMER'GENTLY.--_n._ EMER'SION, act of
emerging: (_astron._) the reappearance of a heavenly body after being
eclipsed by another or by the sun's brightness. [L. _emerg[)e]re_,
_emersum_--_e_, out of, _merg[)e]re_, to plunge.]
EMERITUS, e-mer'i-tus, _adj._ honourably discharged from the performance of
public duty, esp. noting a retired professor.--_n._ one who has been
honourably discharged from public duties:--_pl._ EMER'ITI. [L. _emeritus_,
having served one's time--_emer[=e]ri_, to deserve, do one's duty--_e_,
sig. completeness, and _mer[=e]re_, to deserve.]
EMERODS, em'e-rodz, _n.pl._ (_B._) now HEMORRHOIDS.
EMERY, em'[.e]r-i, _n._ a very hard mineral, a variety of corundum, used as
powder for polishing, &c.--_v.t._ to rub or coat with emery.--_ns._
EM'ERY-P[=A]'PER, paper covered with emery-powder for polishing;
EM'ERY-POW'DER, ground emery; EM'ERY-WHEEL, a wheel coated with emery for
polishing. [O. Fr. _esmeril_, _emeril_--Low L. _smericulum_--Gr.
_sm[=e]ris_--_smaein_, to rub.]
EMETIC, e-met'ik, _adj._ causing vomiting.--_n._ a medicine that causes
vomiting.--_n._ EM'ESIS, vomiting.--_adj._ EMET'ICAL.--_adv._
EMET'ICALLY.--_n._ EM'ETIN, the alkaloid forming the active principle of
ipecacuanha-root, violently emetic.--_adj._ EM'ETO-CATHART'IC, producing
both vomiting and purging.--_n._ EMETOL'OGY, the study of emesis and
emetics, [Through L., from Gr. _emetikos_--_emeein_, to vomit.]
EMEU. See EMU.
ÉMEUTE, em-üt', _n._ a popular rising or uproar. [Fr.]
EMICANT, em'i-kant, _adj._ beaming forth.--_n._ EMIC[=A]'TION.
EMICTION, e-mik'shun, _n._ the discharging of urine: urine.--_adj._
EMIC'TORY, promoting the flow of urine. [L. _eming[)e]re_, _emictum_--_e_,
out, _ming[)e]re_, to make water.]
EMIGRATE, em'i-gr[=a]t, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to remove from one country to
another as a place of abode.--_adj._ EM'IGRANT, emigrating or having
emigrated.--_n._ one who emigrates.--_n._ EMIGR[=A]'TION.--_adj._
EMIGR[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ EMIGR[=A]'TIONIST, an advocate or promoter of
emigration.--_adj._ EMIGR[=A]'TORY.--_n._ EMIGRÉ ([=a]-m[=e]-gr[=a]), a
royalist who quitted France during the Revolution. [L. _emigr[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_e_, from, _migr[=a]re_, to remove.]
EMINENT, em'i-nent, _adj._ rising above others: conspicuous: distinguished:
exalted in rank or office.--_ns._ EM'INENCE, EM'INENCY, a part eminent or
rising above the rest: a rising ground: height: distinction: a title of
honour: homage: a title given in 1631 to cardinals, till then styled Most
Illustrious.--_adj._ EMINEN'TIAL.--_adv._ EM'INENTLY.--EMINENT DOMAIN
(_dominium eminens_), the right by which the supreme authority in a state
may compel a proprietor to part with what is his own for the public use.
[L. _eminens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _emin[=e]re_--_e_, out, _min[=e]re_, to
project.]
EMIR, em-[=e]r', or [=e]'mir, _n._ a title given in the East and in the
north of Africa to all independent chieftains, and also to all the supposed
descendants of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima.--_n._ EM'IRATE, the
office of an emir. [Ar. _am[=i]r_, ruler.]
EMIT, e-mit', _v.t._ to send out: to throw or give out: in issue: to utter
(a declaration):--_pr.p._ emit'ting; _pa.p._ emit'ted.--_n._ EM'ISSARY, one
sent out on a secret mission: a spy: an underground channel by which the
water of a lake escapes.--_adj._ that is sent forth.--_n._ EMIS'SION, the
act of emitting: that which is issued at one time.--_adjs._ EMIS'SIVE,
EMIS'SORY, emitting, sending out.--EMISSION THEORY, the theory that all
luminous bodies emit with equal velocities a number of elastic corpuscles,
which travel in straight lines, are reflected, and are refracted. [L.
_emitt[)e]re_, _emissum_--_e_, out of, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]
EMMANUEL, em-an'[=u]-el, IMMANUEL, im-, _n._ the symbolical name of the
child announced by Isaiah (Isa. vii. 14), and applied to the Messiah (Matt.
i. 23). [Heb.,--_im_, with, _anu_, us, _el_, God.]
EMMARBLE, em-mär'bl, _v.t._ to turn to marble, to petrify. [_Em_ and
_marble_.]
EMMENAGOGUES, em-en'a-gogz, _n.pl._ medicines intended to restore, or to
bring on for the first time, the menses.--_adj._ EMMENAGOG'IC
(-goj'ik).--_n._ EMMENOL'OGY, knowledge about menstruation. [Gr.
_emm[=e]na_, menses, _ag[=o]gos_, drawing forth.]
EMMET, em'et, _n._ (_prov._) the ant. [A.S. _['æ]mete_.]
EMMETROPIA, em-e-tr[=o]'pi-a, _n._ the normal condition of the refractive
media of the eye.--_adj._ EMMETROPI'C. [Gr., _en_, in, _metron_, measure,
_[=o]ps_, the eye.]
EMMEW, e-m[=u]', _v.t._ to confine.--Also IMMEW'.
EMMOVE, em-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to move, to excite.
EMMOLLIENT, e-mol'yent, _adj._ softening: making supple.--_n._ (_med._) a
substance used to soften the textures to which they are applied, as
poultices, fomentations, &c.--_n._ EMOLLES'CENCE, incipient fusion.--_v.t._
EMMOLL'IATE, to soften: to render effeminate.--_n._ EMOLLI'TION, the act of
softening or relaxing. [L. _emoll[=i]re_, _emollitum_--_e_, inten.,
_moll[=i]re_, to soften--_mollis_, soft.]
EMOLUMENT, e-mol'[=u]-ment, _n._ advantage: profit arising from employment,
as salary or fees.--_adj._ EMOLUMEN'TAL. [L. _emolimentum_--_emol[=i]ri_,
to work out--_e_, sig. completeness, _mol[=i]re_, to toil.]
EMONG, e-mung', _prep._ (_obs._) among.--Also EMONGST'.
EMOTION, e-m[=o]'shun, _n._ a moving of the feelings: agitation of mind:
(_phil._) one of the three groups of the phenomena of the mind.--_adj._
EM[=O]'TIONAL.--_n._ EM[=O]'TIONALISM, tendency to emotional excitement,
the habit of working on the emotions, the indulgence of superficial
emotion.--_adv._ EM[=O]'TIONALLY.--_adjs._ EM[=O]'TIONLESS; EM[=O]'TIVE,
pertaining to the emotions. [L. _emotion-em_--_emov[=e]re_, _em[=o]tum_, to
stir up--_e_, forth, _mov[=e]re_, to move.]
EMP-. For words not found under this, see IMP-.
EMPÆSTIC, em-p[=e]'stik, _adj._ pertaining to the art of embossing,
stamped. [Gr. _empaiein_, to emboss.]
EMPACKET, em-pak'et, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pack up.
EMPAIR, em-p[=a]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to impair.
EMPANEL, em-pan'el, IMPANEL, im-, _v.t._ to enter the names of a jury on a
panel.--_n._ EMPAN'ELMENT.
EMPANOPLY, em-pan'[=o]-pli, _v.t._ to invest in full armour.
EMPATRON, em-p[=a]'trun, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to patronise.
EMPEOPLE, em-p[=e]'pl, _v.t._ (_obs._) to fill with people: to form into a
people or community.
EMPERISH, em-per'ish, _v.t._ (_obs._) to impair.
EMPEROR, em'p[.e]r-or, _n._ the head of the Roman Empire: the highest title
of sovereignty:--_fem._ EM'PRESS.--_ns._ EM'PEROR-MOTH, except the
Death's-head, the largest British moth, its expanse of wings being about
three inches; EM'PERORSHIP; EM'PERY, empire, power. [O. Fr. _emperere_--L.
_imperator_ (fem. _imperatrix_)--_imper[=a]re_, to command.]
EMPHASIS, em'fa-sis, _n._ stress of the voice on particular words or
syllables to make the meaning clear: impressiveness of expression or weight
of thought: intensity:--_pl._ EM'PHASES (-s[=e]z).--_v.t._ EM'PHAS[=I]SE,
to make emphatic.--_adjs._ EMPHAT'IC, -AL, uttered with or requiring
emphasis: forcible: impressive.--_adv._ EMPHAT'ICALLY.--_n._
EMPHAT'ICALNESS. [L.,--Gr.,--_em_ (=_en_), in, into, and
_phasis_--_phaein_, _phainein_, to show.]
EMPHLYSIS, em'fli-sis, _n._ a vesicular tumour. [Gr., _en_, in,
_phlysis_--_phlyein_, to break out.]
EMPHRACTIC, em-frak'tik, _adj._ stopping the pores of the skin.--_n._ a
substance with this property. [Gr., _en_, in, _phrassein_, to stop.]
EMPHYSEMA, em-fis-[=e]'ma, _n._ (_med._) an unnatural distention of a part
with air.--_adj._ EMPHYSEM'ATOUS. [Gr.,--_emphysaein_, to inflate.]
EMPHYTEUSIS, em-fit-[=u]'sis, _n._ in Roman law, a perpetual right in a
piece of land, for which a yearly sum was paid to the proprietor.--_adj._
EMPHYTEU'TIC. [L.,--Gr.,--_emphyteuein_, to implant.]
EMPIERCE, em-p[=e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to pierce.
EMPIGHT, em-p[=i]t', _p.adj._ (_Spens._) fixed. [_Em_ and _pitch_.]
EMPIRE, em'p[=i]r, _n._ supreme control or dominion: the territory under
the dominion of an emperor. [Fr.,--L. _imperium_--_imper[=a]re_, to
command.]
EMPIRIC, -AL, em-pir'ik, -al, _adj._ resting on trial or experiment: known
only by experience.--_n._ EMPIR'IC, one who makes trials or experiments:
one whose knowledge is got from experience only: a quack.--_adv._
EMPIR'ICALLY.--_ns._ EMPIR'ICISM (_phil._) the system which, rejecting all
_a priori_ knowledge, rests solely on experience and induction: dependence
of a physician on his _experience_ alone without a regular medical
education: the practice of medicine without a regular education: quackery:
EMPIR'ICIST, one who practises empiricism.--_adj._ EMPIRIC[=U]T'IC
(_Shak._), empirical. [Fr.,--L. _empiricus_--Gr. _empeirikos_--_em_, in,
_peira_, a trial.]
EMPLACEMENT, em-pl[=a]s'ment, _n._ the act of placing: (_mil._) a platform
placed for guns.
EMPLASTER, em-plas't[.e]r, _n._ and _v._ same as PLASTER.--_adj._
EMPLAS'TIC, glutinous: adhesive.--_n._ a medicine causing constipation.
EMPLECTON, em-plek'ton, _n._ masonry in which the outsides of the walls are
ashlar and the insides filled up with rubbish.--Also EMPLEC'TUM. [Gr.]
EMPLOY, em-ploy', _v.t._ to occupy the time or attention of: to use as a
means or agent: to give work to.--_n._ a poetical form of
_employment_.--_adj._ EMPLOY'ABLE, that may be employed.--_ns._ EMPLOY'É,
one who is employed:--_fem._ EMPLOY'ÉE; EMPLOY[=EE]', a person employed;
EMPLOY'ER; EMPLOY'MENT, act of employing: that which engages or occupies:
occupation. [Fr. _employer_--L. _implic[=a]re_, to infold--_in_, in, and
_plic[=a]re_, to fold. _Imply_ and _implicate_ are parallel forms.]
EMPLUME, em-pl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to furnish with a plume.
EMPOISON, em-poi'zn, _v.t._ to put poison in: to poison.--_p.adj._
EMPOI'SONED.--_n._ EMPOI'SONMENT.
EMPORIUM, em-p[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a place to which goods are brought from
various parts for sale: a shop: a great mart:--_pl._ EMP[=O]'RIA. [L.,--Gr.
_emporion_--_emporos_, a trader, _em_ (=_en_), in, _poros_, a way.]
EMPOVERISH, em-pov'[.e]r-ish, _v.t._ See IMPOVERISH.
EMPOWER, em-pow'[.e]r, _v.t._ to authorise.
EMPRESS. See EMPEROR.
EMPRESSEMENT, ang-pres'mang, _n._ cordiality. [Fr.]
EMPRISE, em-pr[=i]z', _n._ (_Spens._) an enterprise: a hazardous
undertaking. [O. Fr. _emprise_--L. _in_, in, _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]
EMPTION, emp'shun, _n._ act of buying, purchase.--_adj._ EMP'TIONAL. [L.
_em[)e]re_, to buy.]
EMPTY, emp'ti, _adj._ having nothing in it: unfurnished: without effect:
unsatisfactory: wanting substance: foolish.--_v.t._ to make empty: to
deprive of contents.--_v.i._ to become empty: to discharge its
contents:--_pa.p._ emp'tied.--_n._ an empty vessel, box, sack, &c.:--_pl._
EMP'TIES.--_ns._ EMP'TIER: EMP'TINESS, state of being empty: want of
substance: unsatisfactoriness: inanity.--_adj._ EMP'TY-HAND'ED, carrying
nothing, esp. of a gift.--_n._ EMP'TYING.--COME AWAY EMPTY, to come away
without having received anything. [A.S. _['æ]metig_--_['æ]metta_, leisure,
rest. The _p_ is excrescent.]
EMPTYSIS, emp'ti-sis, _n._ hemorrhage from the lungs.
EMPURPLE, em-pur'pl, _v.t._ to dye or tinge purple.
EMPUSA, em-p[=u]'za, _n._ a goblin or spectre sent by Hecate.--Also
EMPUSE'. [Gr. _empousa_.]
EMPYEMA, em-pi-[=e]'ma, _n._ a collection of pus in the pleura. [Gr.,--_em_
(=_en_), in, and _pyon_, pus.]
EMPYESIS, em-pi-[=e]'sis, _n._ pustulous eruption. [Gr.]
EMPYREAL, em-pir'[=e]-al, or em-pir-[=e]'al, _adj._ formed of pure fire or
light: pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven:
sublime.--_adj._ EMPYREAN (em-pi-r[=e]'an, or em-pir'e-an), empyreal.--_n._
the highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the
ancients to subsist: the heavens. [Coined from Gr. _empyros_, fiery--_em_
(=_en_), in, and, _pyr_, fire.]
EMPYREUMA, em-pir-[=u]'ma, _n._ the burned smell and acrid taste which
result when vegetable or animal substances are burned:--_pl._
EMPYREU'MATA.--_adjs._ EMPYREUMAT'IC, -AL.--_v.t._ EMPYREU'MATISE.
[Gr.,--_empyreuein_, to kindle.]
EMRODS (_obs._), for EMERODS.
EMU, EMEU, [=e]'m[=u], _n._ a genus of running birds or _Ratitæ_ in the
cassowary family, belonging to Australia.--_n._ E'MU-WREN, a small
Australian bird of genus _Stipiturus_. [Port. _ema_, an ostrich.]
EMULATE, em'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to strive to equal or excel: to imitate,
with a view to equal or excel: to rival.--_adj._ (_Shak._) ambitious.--_n._
EMUL[=A]'TION, act of emulating or attempting to equal or excel: rivalry:
competition: contest: (_obs._) jealous rivalry.--_adj._ EM'ULATIVE,
inclined to emulation, rivalry, or competition.--_n._ EM'ULATOR:--_fem._
EM'ULATRESS.--_adj._ EM'ULATORY, arising from or expressing
emulation.--_v.t._ EM'ULE (_obs_), to emulate.--_adj._ EM'ULOUS, eager to
emulate: desirous of like excellence with another: engaged in competition
or rivalry.--_adv._ EM'ULOUSLY--_n._ EM'ULOUSNESS. [L. _æmul[=a]ri_,
_æmul[=a]tus_--_æmulus_, striving with.]
EMULGENT, e-mul'jent, _adj._ milking or draining out, chiefly referring to
the action of the kidneys. [L. _emulgens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of
_emulg[=e]re_, to milk.]
EMULSION, e-mul'shun, _n._ a milky liquid prepared by mixing oil and water
by means of another substance that combines with both.--_adj._ EMUL'SIC,
pertaining to emulsion.--_v.t._ EMUL'SIFY.--_n._ EMUL'SIN, a peculiar
ferment present in the bitter and sweet almond, which forms a constituent
of all almond emulsions.--_adj._ EMUL'SIVE. [Fr.,--L. _emulg[=e]re_,
_emulsum_, to milk out--_e_, out, and _mulg[=e]r_e, to milk.]
EMUNCTORY, e-mungk'tor-i, _n._ an organ of the body that carries off waste:
an excretory duct.--_v.t._ EMUNGE', to clean. [L. _emung[)e]re_,
_emunctum_, to blow the nose, to cleanse.]
EMURE, a variant of _immure_.
EMYS, em'is, _n._ a genus of marsh tortoises, found in South and Middle
Europe, North Africa, and South-west Asia. [Gr. _emys_.]
ENABLE, en-[=a]'bl, _v.t._ to make able: to give power, strength, or
authority to.
ENACT, en-akt', _v.t._ to perform: to act the part of: to establish by
law.--_n._ (_Shak._) that which is enacted.--_adjs._ ENACT'ING, ENACT'IVE,
that enacts.--_ns._ ENACT'MENT, the passing of a bill into law: that which
is enacted: a law; ENACT'OR, one who practises or performs anything: one
who forms decrees or establishes laws; ENACT'URE (_Shak._), action.
ENALLAGE, en-al'a-j[=e], _n._ (_gram._) the exchange of one case, mood, or
tense for another. [Gr.,--_en_, and _allassein_, to change.]
ENAMEL, en-am'el, _n._ the name given to vitrified substances applied
chiefly to the surface of metals: any smooth hard coating, esp. that of the
teeth: anything enamelled.--_v.t._ to coat with or paint in enamel: to form
a glossy surface upon, like enamel:--_pr.p._ enam'elling; _pa.p._
enam'elled.--_adj._ EN-AM'ELLAR.--_ns._ ENAM'ELLER, ENAM'ELLIST;
ENAM'ELLING. [O. Fr. _enameler_--_en_, in, _esmail_, enamel. Cf. Eng.
_Smelt_, _Melt_.]
ENAMOUR, en-am'ur, _v.t._ to inflame with love: to charm.--_p.adjs._
ENAM'OURED; ENAM'OURING.--BE ENAMOURED (with _of_, _with_), to be in love.
[O. Fr. _enamourer_--_en_, to make, _amour_--L. _amor_, love.]
ENANTHESIS, en-an-th[=e]'sis, _n._ an eruption on the skin from internal
disease. [Gr.]
ENANTIOPATHY, en-an-ti-op'a-thi, _n._ a synonym of allopathy. [Gr.
_enantios_, opposite, _pathos_, suffering.]
ENANTIOSIS, e-nan-ti-[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the expression of an idea by
negation of its contrary, as 'he is no fool'='he is wise.' [Gr.]
ENARCHED, en-ärcht', _adj._ (_her._) arched, like an arch.
ENARCHING, a variant of _inarching_.
ENARMED, en-ärmed', _adj._ (_her._) having horns, hoofs, &c. of a different
colour from the body.
ENARRATION, [=e]-na-r[=a]'shun, _n._ narration.
ENARTHROSIS, en-ar-thr[=o]'sis, _n._ (_anat._) a joint of 'ball-and-socket'
form, allowing motion in all directions.--_adj._ ENARTHR[=O]'DIAL.
[Gr.,--_en_, in, and _arthroein_, _arthr[=o]sein_, to fasten by a
joint--_arthron_, a joint.]
ENATE, [=e]'n[=a]t, _adj._ growing out.
ENAUNTER, en-än't[.e]r, _conj._ (_obs._) lest by chance. [Contr. from _in
adventure_.]
ENCÆNIA, en-s[=e]'ni-a, _n._ the annual commemoration of founders and
benefactors at Oxford, held in June.--Also ENC[=E]'NIA. [L.,--Gr.
_egkainia_, a feast of dedication--_en_, in, _kainos_, new.]
ENCAGE, en-k[=a]j', _v.t._ to shut up in a cage.
ENCAMP, en-kamp', _v.t._ to form into a camp.--_v.i._ to pitch tents: to
halt on a march.--_n._ ENCAMP'MENT, the act of encamping: the place where
an army or company is encamped: a camp.
ENCANTHIS, en-kan'this, _n._ a small tumour of the inner angle of the eye.
[Gr.]
ENCARNALISE, en-kär'nal-[=i]z, _v.t._ to embody: to make carnal.
ENCARPUS, en-kar'pus, _n._ a festoon ornamenting a frieze. [Gr.]
ENCASE, en-k[=a]s', INCASE, in-, _v.t._ to enclose in a case: to surround,
cover.--_n._ ENCASE'MENT, the enclosing substance: a covering.
ENCASHMENT, en-kash'ment, _n._ payment in cash of a note, draft, &c.
ENCAUSTIC, en-kaws'tik, _adj._ having the colours burned in.--_n._ an
ancient method of painting in melted wax.--ENCAUSTIC TILE, a decorative
glazed and fired tile, having patterns of different coloured clays inlaid
in it and burnt with it. [Fr.,--Gr.,--_egkaiein_, _egkausein_--_en_, in,
_kaiein_, to burn.]
ENCAVE, en-k[=a]v', _v.t._ to hide in a cave.
ENCEINTE, äng-sangt', _n._ (_fort._) an enclosure, generally the whole area
of a fortified place. [Fr.,--_enceindre_, to surround--L. _in_, in,
_cing[)e]re_, _cinctum_, to gird.]
ENCEINTE, äng-sangt', _adj._ pregnant, with child. [Fr.,--L. _incincta_,
girt about.]
ENCEPHALON, en-sef'al-on, _n._ the brain.--_adj._ ENCEPHAL'IC, belonging to
the head or brain.--_ns._ ENCEPHAL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the brain;
ENCEPH'ALOCELE, a protrusion of portion of the brain through the skull,
where the bones are incomplete in infancy.--_adj._ ENCEPH'ALOID, resembling
the matter of the brain.--_n._ ENCEPHALOT'OMY, dissection of the
brain.--_adj._ ENCEPH'ALOUS, cephalous. [Gr.,--_en_, in, _kephal[=e]_, the
head.]
ENCHAFE, en-ch[=a]f', _v.t._ (_obs._) to make warm.
ENCHAIN, en-ch[=a]n', _v.t._ to put in chains: to hold fast: to link
together.--_n._ ENCHAIN'MENT [Fr. _enchainer_--_en_, and _chaîne_, a
chain--L. _catena_.]
ENCHANT, en-chant', _v.t._ to act on by songs or rhymed formulas of
sorcery: to charm: to delight in a high degree.--_p.adj._ ENCHANT'ED, under
the power of enchantment: delighted: possessed by witches or spirits.--_n._
ENCHANT'ER, one who enchants: a sorcerer or magician: one who charms or
delights:--_fem._ ENCHANT'RESS.--_adv._ ENCHANT'INGLY, with the force of
enchantment: in a manner to charm or delight.--_n._ ENCHANT'MENT, act of
enchanting: use of magic arts: that which enchants. [Fr. _enchanter_--L.
_incant[=a]re_, to sing a magic formula over--_in_, on, _cant[=a]re_, to
sing.]
ENCHARGE, en-chärj', _v.t._ to enjoin: to entrust. [O. Fr. _encharger_. See
CHARGE.]
ENCHASE, en-ch[=a]s', _v.t._ to fix in a border: to set with jewels: to
engrave: to adorn with raised or embossed work.--_p.adj._ ENCHASED'. [Fr.
_enchâsser_--_en_, in, _châssis_, _caisse_, a case--L. _capsa_, a case. See
CHASE, _n._ CHASE, _v.t._, is a contraction.]
ENCHEASON, en-ch[=e]'zn, _n._ (_Spens._) reason, cause, occasion. [O. Fr.
_encheson_, _encheoir_, to fall in; influenced by L. _occasio_, occasion.]
ENCHEER, en-ch[=e]r', _v.t._ to cheer, comfort.
ENCHIRIDION, en-ki-rid'i-on, _n._ a book to be carried in the hand for
reference: a manual. [Gr. _encheiridion_--_en_, in, and _cheir_, the hand.]
ENCHONDROMA, en-kon-dr[=o]'ma, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal cartilaginous
growth. [Formed from Gr. _en_, in, _chondros_, cartilage.]
ENCHORIAL, en-k[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to or used in a country: used
by the people, noting esp. the written characters used by the common people
in Egypt as opposed to the hieroglyphics.--Also ENCHOR'IC. [Gr.
_ench[=o]rios_--_en_, in, and _ch[=o]ra_, a place, country.]
ENCHYMATOUS, en-kim'a-tus, _adj._ infused, distended by infusion.
ENCINCTURE, en-singk't[=u]r, _v.t._ to surround with a girdle.--_n._ an
enclosure.
ENCIRCLE, en-s[.e]rk'l, _v.t._ to enclose in a circle: to embrace: to pass
round.--_n._ ENCIRC'LING.
ENCLASP, en-klasp', _v.t._ to clasp.
ENCLAVE, en-kl[=a]v', or äng-kl[=a]v', _n._ a territory entirely enclosed
within the territories of another power.--_v.t._ to surround in this way.
[Fr.,--Late L. _inclav[=a]re_--L. _in_, and _clavis_, a key.]
ENCLITIC, en-klit'ik, _adj._ that inclines or leans upon.--_n._ (_gram._) a
word or particle which always follows another word, so united with it as to
seem a part of it.--_n._ EN'CLISIS.--_adv._ ENCLIT'ICALLY. [Gr.
_engklitikos_--_en_, in, _klinein_, to bend.]
ENCLOISTER, en-klois't[.e]r, _v.t._ to immure.
ENCLOSE, en-kl[=o]z', INCLOSE, in-, _v.t._ to close or shut in: to confine:
to surround: to put in a case, as a letter in an envelope, &c.: to fence,
esp. used of waste land.--_ns._ ENCLOS'ER; ENCLOS'URE, the act of
enclosing: state of being enclosed: that which is enclosed: a space fenced
off: that which encloses: a barrier. [Fr.,--L. _includ[)e]re_,
_inclusum_--_in_, in, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]
ENCLOTHE, en-kl[=o]_th_', _v.t._ to clothe.
ENCLOUD, en-klowd', _v.t._ to cover with clouds.
ENCOLOUR, en-kul'ur, _v.t._ to colour, tinge.
ENCOLPION, en-kol'pi-on, _n._ an amulet: a Greek pectoral cross.--Also
ENCOL'PIUM. [Gr.]
ENCOLURE, engk-ol-[=u]r', _n._ (_Browning_) a horse's mane.
ENCOMIUM, en-k[=o]'mi-um, _n._ high commendation: a eulogy:--_pl._
ENC[=O]'MIUMS.--_n._ ENC[=O]'MIAST, one who utters or writes encomiums: a
praiser.--_adjs._ ENCOMIAS'TIC, -AL, bestowing praise.--_adv._
ENCOMIAS'TICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _egk[=o]mion_, a song of praise--_en_, in,
_k[=o]mos_, festivity.]
ENCOMPASS, en-kum'pas, _v.t._ to surround or enclose: (_obs._) to go
round.--_n._ ENCOM'PASSMENT.
ENCORE, äng-k[=o]r', _adv._ again: once more.--_n._ a call for the
repetition of a song, &c.: the repetition of a song, &c.--_v.t._ to call
for a repetition of. [Fr. (It. _ancora_)--perh. from L. (_in_) _hanc
horam_, till this hour, hence=still.]
ENCOUNTER, en-kown'ter, _v.t._ to meet face to face, esp. unexpectedly: to
meet in contest: to oppose.--_n._ a meeting unexpectedly: an interview: a
fight: (_Shak._) behaviour. [O. Fr. _encontrer_--L. _in_, in, _contra_,
against.]
ENCOURAGE, en-kur'[=a]j, _v.t._ to put courage in: to inspire with spirit
or hope: to incite: to patronise: to cherish.--_ns._ ENCOUR'AGEMENT, act of
encouraging: that which encourages; ENCOUR'AGER,--_p.adj._ ENCOUR'AGING,
giving ground to hope for success.--_adv._ ENCOUR'AGINGLY. [O. Fr.
_encoragier_ (Fr. _encourager_)--_en_, to make, _corage_, courage.]
ENCRADLE, en-kr[=a]'dl, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to lay in a cradle.
ENCRATITE, en'kra-t[=i]t, _n._ one of a heretical sect in the early church,
who abstained from marriage, and from flesh and wine.--_n._ EN'CRATISM.
[Formed from Gr. _egkrat[=e]s_, continent--_en_, in, _kratos_, strength.]
ENCREASE, obsolete form of _increase_.
ENCRIMSON, en-krim'zn, _v.t._ to tinge with a crimson colour.--_p.adj._
ENCRIM'SONED.
ENCRINITE, en'kri-n[=i]t, _n._ a common fossil crinoid, found thick in
limestone and marble--called also _Stone-lily_.--_adjs._ ENCR[=I]'NAL,
ENCRIN'IC, ENCRIN[=I]'TAL, ENCRINIT'IC, relating to or containing
encrinites. [Formed from Gr. _en_, in, _krinon_, a lily.]
ENCROACH, en-kr[=o]ch', _v.i._ to seize on the rights of others: to
intrude: to trespass.--_n._ ENCROACH'ER.--_adv._ ENCROACH'INGLY.--_n._
ENCROACH'MENT, act of encroaching: that which is taken by encroaching. [O.
Fr. _encrochier_, to seize--_en-_, and _croc_, a hook.]
ENCRUST, en-krust', INCRUST, in-, _v.t._ to cover with a crust or hard
coating: to form a crust on the surface of.--_v.i._ to form a crust.--_n._
ENCRUST[=A]'TION, act of encrusting: a crust or layer of anything: an
inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c. [Fr.,--L. _incrust[=a]re_,
_-[=a]tum_--_in_, on, _crusta_, crust.]
ENCUMBER, en-kum'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to impede the motion of: to hamper: to
embarrass: to burden: to load with debts.--_ns._ ENCUM'BERMENT, the act of
encumbering: the state of being encumbered; ENCUM'BRANCE, that which
encumbers or hinders: a legal claim on an estate: one dependent on
another--e.g. 'a widow without encumbrances'=a widow without children;
ENCUM'BRANCER. [O. Fr. _encombrer_, from _en-_, and _combrer_.]
ENCURTAIN, en-kur'tin, _v.t._ to curtain, to veil.
ENCYCLICAL, en-sik'lik-al, _adj._ sent round to many persons or
places.--_n._ a letter addressed by the pope to all his bishops condemning
current errors or advising the Christian people how to act in regard to
great public questions.--Also ENCYC'LIC. [Gr. _engkyklios_--_en_, in,
_kyklos_, a circle.]
ENCYCLOPÆDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA, en-s[=i]-klo-p[=e]'di-a, _n._ the circle of
human knowledge: a work containing information on every department, or on a
particular department, of knowledge, generally in alphabetical order: a
name specially given to the work of the French writers Diderot, D'Alembert,
and others in the third quarter of the 18th century.--_adjs._
ENCYCLOPÆ'DIAN, embracing the whole circle of learning; ENCYCLOPÆ'DIC, -AL,
pertaining to an encyclopædia: full of information.--_ns._ ENCYCLOPÆ'DISM,
knowledge of everything; ENCYCLOPÆ'DIST, the compiler, or one who assists
in the compilation, of an encyclopædia: esp. a writer for the French
Encyclopédie (1751-65). [Formed from Gr. _engkyklopaideia_--_engkyklios_,
circular, _paideia_, instruction.]
ENCYST, en-sist', _v.t._ or _v.i._ to enclose or become enclosed in a cyst
or vesicle.--_ns._ ENCYST[=A]'TION, ENCYST'MENT.--_adj._ ENCYST'ED.
[Illustration]
END, end, _n._ the last point or portion: termination or close: death:
consequence: object aimed at: a fragment.--_v.t._ to bring to an end: to
destroy.--_v.i._ to come to an end: to cease.--_n._ END'-ALL, that which
ends all.--_adj._ END'ED, brought to an end: having ends.--_n._ END'ING,
termination: conclusion: that which is at the end: (_gram._) the
terminating syllable or letter of a word.--_adj._ END'LESS, without end:
everlasting: objectless.--_adv._ END'LESSLY.--_n._ END'LESSNESS.--_adv._
END'LONG, lengthwise: continuously: on end.--_adj._ END'MOST,
farthest.--_n._ END'SHIP (_obs._) a village.--_advs._ END'WAYS, END'WISE,
on the end: with the end forward.--END FOR END, with the position of the
ends reversed; ENDLESS SCREW, an arrangement for producing slow motion in
machinery, consisting of a screw whose thread gears into a wheel with skew
teeth; END ON, having the end pointing directly to an object--(_naut._)
opp. to _Broadside on_: (_min._) opp. to _Face on_.--A SHOEMAKER'S END, a
waxed thread ending in a bristle.--AT LOOSE ENDS, in disorder; AT ONE'S
WITS' END, at the end of one's ability to decide or act.--BEGIN AT THE
WRONG END, to manage badly; BE THE END OF, to cause the death of.--COME TO
THE END OF ONE'S TETHER, to go as far as one's powers permit.--HAVE AT
ONE'S FINGER-ENDS, to be thoroughly acquainted, to have in perfect
readiness.--IN THE END, after all: at last.--LATTER END, the end of
life.--MAKE BOTH ENDS MEET, to live within one's income (both ends meaning
both ends of the year).--NO END (_coll._), very much, a great deal.--ON
END, erect.--ROPE'S END (see ROPE). [A.S. _ende_; cf. Ger. and Dan. _ende_,
Goth. _andeis_; Sans. _ánta_.]
ENDAMAGE, en-dam'[=a]j, _v.t._ same as DAMAGE.--_n._ ENDAM'AGEMENT, damage,
injury, loss.
ENDANGER, en-d[=a]n'j[.e]r, _v.t._ to place in danger: to expose to loss or
injury.--_ns._ ENDAN'GERER; ENDAN'GERMENT, hazard, peril.
ENDEAR, en-d[=e]r', _v.t._ to make dear or more dear.--_adjs._ ENDEARED',
beloved; ENDEAR'ING.--_adv._ ENDEAR'INGLY.--_n._ ENDEAR'MENT, act of
endearing: state of being endeared: that which excites or increases
affection: a caress.
ENDEAVOUR, en-dev'ur, _v.i._ to strive to accomplish an object: to attempt
or try.--_v.t._ to attempt.--_n._ an exertion of power towards some object:
attempt or trial.--_n._ ENDEAV'OURMENT (_Spens._), endeavour.--DO ONE'S
ENDEAVOUR, to do one's utmost. [Fr. _en devoir_--_en_, in (with force of
'to do' or 'make,' as in _en-amour_, _en-courage_), and _devoir_, duty.]
ENDECAGON, en-dek'a-gon, _n._ a plane figure of eleven sides--also
HENDEC'AGON.--_adjs._ ENDECAG'YNOUS, having eleven pistils;
ENDECAPHYL'LOUS, having eleven leaflets; ENDECASYLLAB'IC, having eleven
syllables.
ENDEICTIC, en-d[=i]k'tik, _adj._ showing, exhibiting.--_n._ ENDEIX'IS, an
indication. [Gr.]
ENDEMIC, -AL, en-dem'ik, -al, ENDEMIAL, en-d[=e]'mi-al, _adj._ peculiar to
a people or a district, as a disease.--_n._ ENDEM'IC, a disease affecting a
number of persons simultaneously, in such manner as to show a distinct
connection with certain localities.--_adv._ ENDEM'ICALLY.--_ns._
ENDEMI'CITY, state of being endemic; ENDEMIOL'OGY, knowledge of endemic
diseases. [Gr. _end[=e]mios_--_en_, in, and _d[=e]mos_, a people, a
district.]
ENDENIZEN, en-den'i-zn, _v.t._ to naturalise, to make a denizen.
ENDERMIC, -AL, en-d[.e]rm'ik, -al, _adj._ through or applied directly to
the skin--also ENDERMAT'IC.--_n._ EN'DERON, the corium, derma, or true
skin. [Gr. _en_, in, and _derma_, the skin.]
ENDEW, en-d[=u]', _v.t._ (_obs._) to endow.--Also ENDUE'.
ENDIRON. See ANDIRON.
ENDITE, obsolete form of _indite_.
ENDIVE, en'div, _n._ an annual or biennial plant of the same genus as
chicory, used as a salad. [Fr.,--L. _intubus_.]
ENDOCARDIUM, en-do-kar'di-um, _n._ the lining membrane of the
heart.--_adjs._ ENDOCAR'DIAC, ENDOCAR'DIAL.--_n._ ENDOCARD[=I]'TIS, disease
of the internal surface of the heart, resulting in the deposit of fibrin on
the valves. [Gr. _endon_, within, _kardia_, heart.]
ENDOCARP, en'do-kärp, _n._ the inner coat or shell of a fruit. [Gr.
_endon_, within, and _karpos_, fruit.]
ENDOCHROME, en'd[=o]-kr[=o]m, _n._ the colouring matter, other than green,
of vegetable cells, esp. of algæ: (_zool._) the coloured endoplasm of a
cell. [Gr. _endon_, within, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]
ENDODERM, en'do-derm, _n._ the inner layer of the Blastoderm (q.v.). [Gr.
_endon_, within, _derma_, skin.]
ENDOGAMY, en-dog'am-i, _n._ the custom forbidding a man to marry any woman
who is not of his kindred.--_adj._ ENDOG'AMOUS. [Gr. _endon_, within,
_gamos_, marriage.]
ENDOGEN, en'do-jen, _n._ a plant that grows from within, or by additions to
the inside of the stem, as the palm, grasses, &c.--_adj._ ENDOG'ENOUS,
increasing by internal growth. [Gr. _endon_, within, and _gen[=e]s_, born.]
ENDOLYMPH, en'd[=o]-limf, _n._ the fluid within the membranous labyrinth of
the ear.
ENDOMORPH, en'do-morf, _n._ a mineral enclosed within another mineral, the
latter being termed a _perimorph_. [Gr. _endon_, within, _morph[=e]_,
form.]
ENDOPHAGY, en-d[=o]'faj-i, _n._ in cannibalism, the practice of eating one
of the same stock. [Gr. _endon_, within, _phagos_, an eater.]
ENDOPARASITE, en-d[=o]-par'a-s[=i]t, _n._ an internal parasite.
ENDOPHLOEUM, en-d[=o]-fl[=e]'um, _n._ (_bot._) the inner bark.
ENDOPHYLLOUS, en-d[=o]-fil'us, _adj._ (_bot._) being or formed within a
sheath, as the young leaves of monocotyledons.
ENDOPLASM, en'd[=o]-plazm, _n._ (_bot._) the granular and fluid part of the
protoplasm of a cell--opp. to _Ectoplasm_: (_zool._) the interior
protoplasm of a protozoan.--Also EN'DOSARC.
ENDOPLEURA, en-d[=o]-pl[=oo]'ra, _n._ (_bot._) the innermost coat of a
seed.
ENDORHIZAL, en-d[=o]-r[=i]'zal, _adj._ (_bot._) having the radicle of the
embryo enclosed within a sheath, as in endogenous plants.--Also
ENDORH[=I]'ZOUS.
ENDORSE, en-dors', INDORSE, in-, _v.t._ to write one's name on the back of:
to assign by writing on the back of: to give one's sanction to: to lay on
the back, to load.--_adj._ ENDORS'ABLE.--_ns._ ENDORS[=EE]', the person to
whom a bill, &c., is assigned by endorsement; ENDORSE'MENT, act of
endorsing: that which is written on a bill: sanction; ENDORS'ER. [Changed
from M. E. _endosse_ under the influence of Low L. _indors[=a]re_--_in_,
on, _dorsum_, the back.]
ENDOSKELETON, en-d[=o]-skel'e-ton, _n._ the internal skeleton or framework
of the body.--_adj._ ENDOSKEL'ETAL.
ENDOSMOSIS, en-dos-m[=o]'sis, _n._ the passage of a fluid inwards through
an organic membrane, to mix with another fluid inside--also
EN'DOSMOSE.--_n._ ENDOSMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring endosmotic
action.--_adjs._ ENDOSMOMET'RIC; ENDOSMOT'IC, pertaining to or of the
nature of endosmosis.--_adv._ ENDOSMOT'ICALLY. [Gr. _endon_, within, and
_[=o]smos_.]
ENDOSOME, en'd[=o]-s[=o]m, _n._ the innermost part of the body of a
sponge.--_adj._ EN'DOS[=O]MAL.
ENDOSPERM, en'd[=o]-sperm, _n._ (_bot._) the albumen of a seed.--_adj._
ENDOSPER'MIC.
ENDOSS, en-dos', _v.t._ (_obs._) to endorse: (_Spens._) to write. [M. E.
_endosse_--O. Fr. _endosser_.]
ENDOSTEUM, en-dos't[=e]-um, _n._ (_anat._) the internal periosteum.--_adj._
ENDOS'T[=E]AL.--_n._ ENDOST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the endosteum.
ENDOSTOME, en'd[=o]-st[=o]m, _n._ (_bot._) the foramen of the inner
integument of an ovule: the inner peristome of mosses.
ENDOW, en-dow', _v.t._ to give a dowry or marriage-portion to: to settle a
permanent provision on: to enrich with any gift or faculty: to
present.--_ns._ ENDOW'ER; ENDOW'MENT, act of endowing: that which is
settled on any person or institution: a quality or faculty bestowed on any
one. [Fr. _en_ (=L. _in_), _douer_, to endow--L. _dot[=a]re_--_dos_,
_dotis_, a dowry.]
ENDUE, en-d[=u]', INDUE, in-, _v.t._ to put on, as clothes: to invest or
clothe with: to supply with.--_n._ ENDUE'MENT, adornment. [O. Fr.
_enduire_--L. _induc[)e]re_--_in_, into, _duc[)e]re_, to lead. In certain
senses the word is closely related to _indu[)e]re_, to put on.]
ENDURE, en-d[=u]r', _v.t._ to remain firm under: to bear without sinking:
to tolerate.--_v.i._ to remain firm: to last.--_adj._ ENDUR'ABLE, that can
be endured or borne.--_n._ ENDUR'ABLENESS.--_adv._ ENDUR'ABLY.--_ns._
ENDUR'ANCE, state of enduring or bearing: continuance: a suffering
patiently without sinking: patience; ENDUR'ER.--_adv._ ENDUR'INGLY. [O. Fr.
_endurer_--L. _indur[=a]re_--_in_, in, _durus_, hard.]
ENDYMION, en-dim'i-on, _n._ a beautiful youth whom Selene (the moon)
wrapped in perpetual sleep that she might kiss him without his knowledge.
ENE, [=e]n, _adv._ (_Spens._) once. [A.S. _['æ]ne_--_án_, one.]
ENEID, e-n[=e]'id, _n._ Same as ÆNEID.
ENEMA, en'e-ma, or e-n[=e]'ma, _n._ a liquid medicine thrown into the
rectum: an injection. [Gr.,--_enienai_, to send in--_en_, in, and _hienai_,
to send.]
ENEMY, en'e-mi, _n._ one who hates or dislikes: a foe: a hostile
army.--_adj._ (_obs._) hostile.--HOW GOES THE ENEMY? (_slang_) what o'clock
is it?--THE ENEMY, THE OLD ENEMY, the Devil; THE LAST ENEMY, death. [O. Fr.
_enemi_ (mod. Fr. _ennemi_)--L. _inimicus_--_in_, neg., _amicus_, a
friend.]
ENEMY, a prov. form of _anemone_.
ENERGUMEN, en-er-g[=u]'men, _n._ one possessed: a demoniac. [Low L.,--Gr.
_energoumenos_--_energein_--_en_, in, _ergon_, work.]
ENERGY, en'[.e]r-ji, _n._ power of doing work: power exerted: vigorous
operation: strength: (_physics_) the term, as applied to a material system,
used to denote the power of doing work possessed by that system.--_adjs._
ENERGET'IC, -AL, having or showing energy: active: forcible:
effective.--_adv._ ENERGET'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ ENERGET'ICS, the science of the
general laws of energy.--_adj._ ENER'GIC, exhibiting energy.--_v.t._
EN'ERGISE, to give strength or active force to.--_v.i._ to act with
force:--_pr.p._ en'erg[=i]sing; _pa.p._ en'erg[=i]sed.--CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY (see CONSERVATION). [Gr. _energeia_--_en_, in, _ergon_, work.]
ENERVATE, en-[.e]r'v[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of nerve, strength, or
courage: to weaken.--_adj._ weakened: spiritless.--_n._
ENERV[=A]'TION.--_adj._ ENER'VATIVE.--_v.t._ ENERVE' (_obs._), to enervate.
[L. _enerv[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out of, _nervus_, a nerve.]
ENEW, e-n[=u]', _v.t._ in falconry, to drive back to the water: to pursue.
[O. Fr. _enewer_--_en_, in, _eau_, water.]
ENFEEBLE, en-f[=e]'bl, _v.t._ to make feeble: to weaken.--_n._
ENFEE'BLEMENT, weakening: weakness.
ENFELON, en-fel'on, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make fierce.
ENFEOFF, en-fef', _v.t._ to give a fief to: to invest with a possession in
fee: to surrender.--_n._ ENFEOFF'MENT, act of enfeoffing: the deed which
invests with the fee of an estate. [O. Fr. _enfeffer_--_en-_, and _fief_.
See FIEF, FEOFF.]
ENFEST, en-fest, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as INFEST.
ENFETTER, en-fet'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bind in fetters.
ENFIERCE, en-f[=e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make fierce.
ENFILADE, en-fi-l[=a]d', _n._ a number of rooms with the doors opening into
a common passage: a fire that rakes a line of troops, &c., from end to end;
a situation or a body open from end to end.--_v.t._ to rake with shot
through the whole length of a line. [Fr.,--_enfiler_--_en_ (=L. _in_), and
_fil_, a thread. See FILE, a line or wire.]
ENFILED, en-f[=i]ld', _p.adj._ (_her._) thrust through with a sword. [See
ENFILADE.]
ENFIRE, en-f[=i]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to set on fire, inflame.
ENFLESH, en-flesh', _v.t._ to turn into flesh.
ENFLOWER, en-flow'[.e]r, _v.t._ to cover with flowers.
ENFOLD, en-f[=o]ld', INFOLD, in-, _v.t._ to wrap up.--_n._ ENFOLD'MENT, act
of enfolding: that which enfolds.
ENFORCE, en-f[=o]rs', _v.t._ to gain by force: to give force to: to put in
force: to give effect to: to urge: (_Spens._) to attempt.--_adj._
ENFORCE'ABLE.--_adv._ ENFORC'EDLY, by violence, not by choice.--_n._
ENFORCE'MENT, act of enforcing: compulsion: a giving effect to: that which
enforces. [O. Fr. _enforcer_--_en_ (=L. _in_), and _force_.]
ENFOREST, en-for'est, _v.t._ to turn into forest.
ENFORM, en-form', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to fashion.
ENFOULDERED, en-fowl'd[.e]rd, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) mixed with lightning or
fire. [_En_, in, and O. Fr. _fouldre_ (Fr. _foudre_)--L. _fulgur_,
lightning, _fulg[)e]re_, to flash.]
ENFRAME, en-fr[=a]m', _v.t._ to put in a frame.
ENFRANCHISE, en-fran'chiz, _v.t._ to set free: to give a franchise or
political privileges to.--_n._ ENFRAN'CHISEMENT, act of enfranchising:
liberation: admission to civil or political privileges. [O. Fr.
_enfranchir_--_en_, and _franc_, free. See FRANCHISE.]
ENFREE, en-fr[=e]', ENFREEDOM, en-fr[=e]'dum, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to set free,
to give freedom to.
ENFREEZE, en-fr[=e]z', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to freeze: turn to ice:--_pr.p._
enfreez'ing: _pa.p._ enfr[=o]z'en, enfr[=o]z'ened.
ENGAGE, en-g[=a]j', _v.t._ to bind by a gage or pledge: to render liable:
to gain for service: to enlist: to gain over: to betroth: (_archit._) to
fasten: to win: to occupy: to enter into contest with: (_obs._) to
entangle.--_v.i._ to pledge one's word: to become bound: to take a part: to
enter into conflict.--_p.adj._ ENGAGED', pledged: promised, esp. in
marriage: greatly interested: occupied: (_archit._) partly built or sunk
into, or so appearing: geared together, interlocked.--_n._ ENGAGE'MENT, act
of engaging: state of being engaged: that which engages: betrothal:
promise: employment: a fight or battle.--_p.adj._ ENGAG'ING, winning:
attractive.--_adv._ ENGAG'INGLY.--ENGAGE FOR, to answer for. [Fr.
_engager_--_en gage_, in pledge. See GAGE.]
ENGAOL, en-j[=a]l', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to put in gaol.
ENGARLAND, en-gär'land, _v.t._ to put a garland round.
ENGARRISON, en-gar'i-sn, _v.t._ to establish as a garrison.
ENGENDER, en-jen'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to beget: to bear: to breed: to sow the
seeds of: to produce.--_v.i._ to be caused or produced.--_ns._ ENGEN'DRURE,
ENGEN'DURE, act of engendering: generation. [Fr. _engendrer_--L.
_ingener[=a]re_--_in_, and _gener[=a]re_, to generate.]
ENGILD, en-gild', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to gild.
ENGINE, en'jin, _n._ a complex and powerful machine, esp. a prime mover: a
military machine: anything used to effect a purpose: a device: contrivance:
(_obs._) ability, genius.--_v.t._ to contrive: to put into action.--_ns._
EN'GINE-DRIV'ER, one who manages an engine, esp. who drives a locomotive;
ENGINEER', an engine maker or manager: one who directs works and engines: a
soldier belonging to the division of the army called Engineers, consisting
of men trained to engineering work.--_v.i._ to act as an engineer.--_v.t._
to arrange, contrive.--_ns._ ENGINEER'ING, the art or profession of an
engineer; EN'GINE-MAN, one who drives an engine; EN'GINE-ROOM, the room in
a vessel in which the engines are placed; EN'GINERY, the art or business of
managing engines: engines collectively: machinery; EN'GINE-TURN'ING, a kind
of ornament made by a rose-engine, as on the backs of watches, &c.--CIVIL
ENGINEER (see CIVIL). [O. Fr. _engin_--L. _ingenium_, skill. See
INGENIOUS.]
ENGIRD, en-g[.e]rd', _v.t._ to gird round.
ENGIRDLE, en-g[.e]rd'l, ENGIRT, en-g[.e]rt', _v.t._ to surround, as with a
girdle: to encircle.
ENGLISH, ing'glish, _adj._ belonging to _England_ or its inhabitants.--_n._
the language of the people of England.--_v.t._ to translate a book into
English: to make English.--_ns._ ENG'LANDER, an Englishman; ENG'LISHER,
ENG'LISHMAN, a native or naturalised inhabitant of England; ENG'LISHRY, the
fact of being an Englishman; in Ireland, the population of English
descent.--OLD ENGLISH, or _Anglo-Saxon_, the language spoken in England
from 450 till about 1150; MIDDLE ENGLISH till 1500; MODERN ENGLISH from
1500 onwards (EARLY ENGLISH often means Early Middle English; (_archit._),
see EARLY).--PRESENTMENT OF ENGLISHRY, the offering of proof that a person
murdered belonged to the English race, to escape the fine levied on the
hundred or township for the murder of a Norman. [A.S. _Englisc_, from
_Engle_, _Angle_, from the Angles who settled in Britain.]
ENGLOBE, en-gl[=o]b', _v.t._ to enclose as in a globe.
ENGLOOM, en-gl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to make gloomy.
ENGLUT, en-glut', _v.t._ to glut, to fill: to swallow.
ENGORE, en-g[=o]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to gore: to wound.
ENGORGE, en-gorj', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to devour, to glut.--_v.i._ (_Milton_)
to feed voraciously.--_adj._ ENGORGED', filled to excess with blood.--_n._
ENGORGE'MENT, the act of swallowing greedily: (_med._) an obstruction of
the vessels in some part of the system.
ENGOUEMENT, ang-g[=oo]'mang, _n._ excessive fondness. [Fr.]
ENGOULED, en-g[=oo]ld', _adj._ (_her._) of bends, crosses, &c., the
extremities of which enter the mouths of animals.--Also ENGOUL'EE.
ENGRACE, en-gr[=a]s', _v.t._ to put grace into.
ENGRAFF, obsolete form of _engraft_.
ENGRAFT, en-graft', INGRAFT, in-, _v.t._ to graft (a shoot of one tree)
into another: to introduce something: to fix deeply.--_ns._
ENGRAFT[=A]'TION, act of engrafting: ENGRAFT'MENT, engrafting: the thing
engrafted: a scion.
ENGRAIL, en-gr[=a]l', _v.t_ (_her._) to make a border composed of a series
of little semicircular indents: to make rough.--_v.i._ to form an edging or
border: to run in indented lines.--_n._ ENGRAIL'MENT, the ring of dots
round the edge of a medal: (_her._) indentation in curved lines. [O. Fr.
_engresler_ (Fr. _engrêler_)--_gresle_, hail. See GRAIL.]
ENGRAIN, en-gr[=a]n', INGRAIN, in-, _v.t._ to dye of a fast or lasting
colour: to dye in the raw state: to infix deeply.--_n._ ENGRAIN'ER. [Orig.
'to dye in grain' (meaning _with grain_)--i.e. cochineal.]
ENGRASP, en-grasp', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to grasp.
ENGRAVE, en-gr[=a]v', _v.t._ to cut out with a graver a representation of
anything on wood, steel, &c.: to imprint: to impress deeply.--_ns._
ENGRAV'ER; ENGRAV'ERY, the art of the engraver; ENGRAV'ING, act or art of
cutting or incising designs on metal, wood, &c., for the purpose of
printing impressions from them in ink on paper, or other similar
substance--in metal, the lines to be printed are sunk or incised; in wood,
the lines to be printed appear in relief, the wood between them being cut
away: an impression taken from an engraved plate: a print. [Fr. _en_ (=L.
_in_), and _grave_, _v._]
ENGRAVE, en-gr[=a]v', _v.t._ to deposit in the grave.
ENGRIEVE, en-gr[=e]v', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to grieve.
ENGROOVE, en-gr[=oo]v', INGROOVE, in-, _v.t._ to cut a groove or furrow in:
to make into a groove.
ENGROSS, en-gr[=o]s', _v.t._ to occupy wholly, monopolise: to absorb: to
copy a writing in a large hand or in distinct characters: to write in legal
form: to make gross.--_ns._ ENGROSS'ER; ENGROSS'ING, the conduct of those
who buy merchandise in large quantities to obtain command of the market;
ENGROSS'MENT, act of engrossing: that which has been engrossed: a fair
copy.--ENGROSSING A DEED, the writing it out in full and regular form on
parchment or paper for signature. [From Fr. _en gros_, in large--L. _in_,
in, _grossus_, large. See GROSS.]
ENGUARD, en-gärd', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to guard or defend.
ENGUICHÉ, äng-g[=e]-sh[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) having a different tincture
inside the mouth, of trumpets, &c. [Fr.]
ENGULF, en-gulf', INGULF, in-, _v.t._ to swallow up wholly, as in a gulf:
to cast into a gulf: to overwhelm.--_n._ ENGULF'MENT.
ENGYSCOPE, en'ji-sk[=o]p, _n._ a kind of reflecting microscope.--Also
EN'GISCOPE. [Gr. _enggys_, near, _skopein_, to view.]
ENHALO, en-h[=a]'l[=o], _v.t._ to surround with a halo.
ENHANCE, en-hans', _v.t._ to heighten: to add to, increase.--_n._
ENHANCE'MENT, act of enhancing: state of being enhanced: aggravation.
[Prob. from O. Fr. _enhaucer_--L. _in_, and _altus_, high.]
ENHARMONIC, -AL, en-har-mon'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to music constructed
on a scale containing intervals less than a semitone: pertaining to that
scale of music current among the Greeks, in which an interval of 2½ tones
was divided into two quarter tones and a major third.--_adv._
ENHARMON'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr.,--_en_, in, _harmonia_, harmony.]
ENHEARSE, en-h[.e]rs', INHEARSE, in-, _v.t._ to put in a hearse.
ENHEARTEN, en-härt'n, _v.t._ to encourage: to cheer.
ENHUNGER, en-hung'g[.e]r, _v.t._ to make hungry.
ENHYDROUS, en-h[=i]'drus, _adj._ containing water or other fluid.--_n._
ENHY'DRITE, a mineral containing water. [Gr. _en_, in, and _hyd[=o]r_,
water.]
ENHYPOSTATIC, en-h[=i]-p[=o]-stat'ik, _adj._ possessing substantial or
personal existence, possessing personality not independently but by union
with a person.--_n._ ENHYPOST[=A]'SIA.--_v.t._ ENHYPOS'TATISE.
ENIGMA, en-ig'ma, _n._ a statement with a hidden meaning to be guessed:
anything very obscure: a riddle.--_adjs._ ENIGMAT'IC, -AL, relating to,
containing, or resembling an enigma: obscure: puzzling.--_adv._
ENIGMAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ ENIG'MATISE, to utter or deal in riddles.--_ns._
ENIG'MATIST, one who enigmatises; ENIGMATOG'RAPHY, science of enigmas and
their solution. [L. _ænigma_--Gr. _ainigma_--_ainissesthai_, to speak
darkly--_ainos_, a fable.]
ENISLE, en-[=i]l', INISLE, in-, _v.t._ to isolate.
ENJAMBMENT, en-jamb'ment, _n._ in verse, the continuation of a sentence
beyond the end of the line. [Fr.,--_enjamber_--_en_, in, _jambe_, leg.]
ENJOIN, en-join', _v.t._ to lay upon, as an order: to order or direct with
authority or urgency.--_n._ ENJOIN'MENT. [Fr. _enjoindre_--L.
_injung[)e]re_--_in_, and _jung[)e]re_, to join.]
ENJOY, en-joi', _v.t._ to joy or delight in: to feel or perceive with
pleasure: to possess or use with satisfaction or delight: to have the use
of: to have sexual intercourse with.--_adj._ ENJOY'ABLE, capable of being
enjoyed or of giving joy.--_n._ ENJOY'MENT, state or condition of enjoying:
satisfactory possession or use of anything; pleasure: happiness. [O. Fr.
_enjoier_, to give joy to--_en_ (=L. _in_), and _joie_, joy; or O. Fr.
_enjoir_, to enjoy--_en_, and _joir_--L. _gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]
ENKERNEL, en-k[.e]r'nel, _v.t._ to enclose in a kernel.
ENKINDLE, en-kin'dl, _v.t._ to kindle or set on fire: to inflame: to
rouse.--_p.adj._ ENKIN'DLED.
ENLACE, en-l[=a]s', _v.t._ to encircle, surround: to embrace.--_n._
ENLACE'MENT.
ENLARD, en-lärd', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to grease, to baste.
ENLARGE, en-lärj', _v.t._ to make larger: to increase in size or quantity:
to expand: to amplify discourse: to set free.--_v.i._ to grow large or
larger: to be diffuse in speaking or writing: to expatiate.--_adj._
ENLARGED'.--_adv._ ENLAR'GEDLY.--_ns._ ENLAR'GEDNESS; ENLARGE'MENT, act of
enlarging: state of being enlarged: increase: extension: diffuseness of
speech or writing: a setting at large: release. [O. Fr. _enlarger_--_en_
(=L. _in_), _large_, large.]
ENLEVEMENT, en-l[=e]v'ment, _n._ (_Scots law_) abduction of a woman or
child.
ENLIGHTEN, en-l[=i]t'n, _v.t._ to lighten or shed light on: to make clear
to the mind: to impart knowledge to: to elevate by knowledge or
religion--(_obs._) ENLIGHT'.--_n._ ENLIGHT'ENMENT, act of enlightening:
state of being enlightened: the spirit of the French philosophers of the
18th century.
ENLINK, en-lingk', _v.t._ to connect closely.
ENLIST, en-list', _v.t._ to enrol: to engage as a soldier, &c.: to employ
in advancing an object.--_v.i._ to engage in public service, esp. as a
soldier: to enter heartily into a cause.--_n._ ENLIST'MENT, act of
enlisting: state of being enlisted.
ENLIVEN, en-l[=i]v'n, _v.t._ to put life into: to excite or make active: to
make sprightly or cheerful: to animate.--_ns._ ENLIV'ENER; ENLIV'ENMENT.
ENLOCK, en-lok', _v.t._ to lock up, enclose.
ENLUMINE, en-l[=oo]'min, _v.t._ (_Spens._). See ILLUMINE.
ENMARBLE, en-mär'bl, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to turn to marble, to harden.
ENMESH, en-mesh', EMMESH, em-, IMMESH, im-, _v.t._ to catch in a mesh or
net, to entangle.
ENMEW, en-m[=u]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to coop up, as in a cage.
ENMITY, en'mi-ti, _n._ the quality of being an enemy: unfriendliness:
ill-will: hostility. [O. Fr. _enemistié_--L. _inimicus_. See ENEMY.]
ENMOSSED, en-most', _p.adj._ covered with moss.
ENMOVE, en-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ Same as EMMOVE.
ENMURE. Same as IMMURE.
ENNEA, en'[=e]-a, a prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying nine.--_n._
EN'NEAD, the number nine, a system of nine objects.--_adj._
ENNEAD'IC.--_n._ EN'NEAGON, a polygon with nine angles.--_adjs._
ENNEAG'ONAL; ENNEAG'YNOUS, having nine pistils or styles; ENNEAH[=E]'DRAL,
having nine faces.--_n._ ENNEAN'DRIA, the ninth Linnæan class of plants,
with nine stamens.--_adjs._ ENNEAN'DRIAN; ENNEAPHYL'LOUS, nine-leaved;
ENNEASPER'MOUS, having nine seeds.
ENNOBLE, en-n[=o]'bl, _v.t._ to make noble: to elevate, distinguish: to
raise to nobility.--_n._ ENN[=O]'BLEMENT, the act of making noble: that
which ennobles. [Fr. _ennoblir_--Fr. _en_ (=L. _in_), and _noble_.]
ENNUI, äng-nw[=e]', _n._ a feeling of weariness or disgust from satiety,
&c.: the occasion of ennui.--_v.t._ to weary: to bore.--_adj._ ENNUYÉ
(äng-nw[=e]-y[=a]'), bored. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _anoi_--L. _in odio_, as _in odio
habeo_, lit. 'I hold in hatred,' i.e. I am tired of. See ANNOY.]
ENODAL, [=e]-n[=o]'dal, _adj._ without nodes.
ENOMOTY, e-nom'[=o]-ti, _n._ a band of sworn soldiers, esp. the smallest
Spartan subdivision. [Gr.]
ENORMOUS, e-nor'mus, _adj._ excessive: immense: atrocious--(_obs._)
ENORM'.--_n._ ENOR'MITY, state or quality of being enormous: that which is
enormous: a great crime: great wickedness.--_adv._ ENOR'MOUSLY.--_n._
ENOR'MOUSNESS. [L. _enormis_--_e_, out of, _norma_, rule.]
ENORTHOTROPE, en-or'th[=o]-tr[=o]p, _n._ a toy consisting of a card on
which confused objects are transformed into various pictures, by causing it
to revolve rapidly. [Gr. _en_, in, _orthos_, upright, _tropos_, turning.]
ENOUGH, e-nuf', _adj._ sufficient: giving content: satisfying want.--_adv._
sufficiently.--_n._ sufficiency: as much as satisfies desire or want. [A.S.
_ge-nóh_, _ge-nóg_; Goth. _ga-nóhs_; Ger. _ge-nug_; Ice. _g-nóg-r_.]
ENOUNCE, e-nowns', _v.t._ to enunciate: to proclaim: to utter or
articulate. [Fr. _énoncer_--L. _enunti[=a]re_.]
ENOW=ENOUGH, but often used as its plural.
ENOW, e-now', _adv._ just now: (_Scot._) soon. [Contr. from 'even now.']
EN PASSANT, äng pas'ang, _adv._ in passing: by the way. [Fr.]
ENQUIRE. See INQUIRE.
ENRACE, en-r[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to give race or origin to.
ENRAGE, en-r[=a]j', _v.t._ to make angry.--_p.adj._ ENRAGED', angered:
furious.--_n._ ENRAGE'MENT, act of enraging, state of being enraged,
excitement. [O. Fr. _enrager_--_en_ (=L. _in_), and _rage_, rage.]
ENRANGE, en-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to arrange: to rove over.
ENRANK, en-rangk', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to place in order.
ENRAPTURE, en-rap't[=u]r, _v.t._ to put in rapture: to transport with
pleasure or delight.--_p.adjs._ ENRAP'TURED, ENRAPT', delighted:
transported.
ENRAVISH, en-rav'ish, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to enrapture.
ENREGIMENT, en-rej'i-ment, _v.t._ to form in a regiment.
ENREGISTER, en-rej'is-t[.e]r, _v.t._ to register: to enrol.
ENRICH, en-rich', _v.t._ to make rich: to fertilise: to adorn: to
enhance.--_n._ ENRICH'MENT, act of enriching; that which enriches.
ENRIDGE, en-rij', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to form into ridges.
ENRING, en-ring', _v.t._ to encircle: to put a ring on.
ENROBE, en-r[=o]b', _v.t._ to dress, clothe, or invest.
ENROL, ENROLL, en-r[=o]l', _v.t._ to insert in a roll or register: to
enlist: to record: to leave in writing:--_pr.p._ enr[=o]l'ling; _pa.p._
enr[=o]lled'.--_ns._ ENROL'LER; ENROL'MENT, act of enrolling: that in which
anything is enrolled: a register. [O. Fr. _enroller_ (Fr. _enrôler_)--_en_,
and _rolle_, roll.]
ENROOT, en-r[=oo]t', _v.t._ to fix by the root: to implant firmly:
(_Shak._) to join firmly, as root by root.
ENROUGH, en-ruf', _v.t._ to make rough.
ENROUND, en-rownd', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to surround.
ENS, enz, _n._ an entity, as opposed to an attribute. [A late _pr.p._ form,
from L. _esse_, to be.]
ENSAMPLE, en-sam'pl, _n._ example.--_v.t._ to give an example of. [O. Fr.
_essample_. See EXAMPLE.]
ENSANGUINE, en-sang'gwin, _v.t._ to stain or cover with blood.--_p.adj._
ENSAN'GUINED, bloody.
ENSATE, en's[=a]t, _adj._ ensiform.
ENSCHEDULE, en-shed'[=u]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to insert in a schedule.
ENSCONCE, en-skons', _v.t._ to cover or protect as with a sconce or
earth-work: to hide safely.
ENSEAL, en-s[=e]l', _v.t._ to put one's seal to: to seal up.
ENSEAM, en-s[=e]m', _v.t._ to mark as with a seam.
ENSEAM, en-s[=e]m', _v.t._ to cover with grease. [_Seam_, grease.]
ENSEAM, en-s[=e]m', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to contain. [Der. obscure; cf. Ice.
_semja_, to put together.]
ENSEAR, en-s[=e]r', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to dry up.
ENSEMBLE, äng-sangb'l, _n._ all the parts of a thing taken together.--TOUT
ENSEMBLE, general appearance or effect. [Fr. _ensemble_, together--L. _in_,
in, _simul_, at the same time.]
ENSEPULCHRE, en-sep'ul-k[.e]r, _v.t._ to put in a sepulchre.
ENSEW (_Spens._). Same as ENSUE.
ENSHIELD, en-sh[=e]ld', _v.t._ to shield or protect.--_adj._ (_Shak._)
shielded or protected.
ENSHRINE, en-shr[=i]n', _v.t._ to enclose in or as in a shrine: to preserve
with affection.
ENSHROUD, en-shrowd', _v.t._ to cover with a shroud: to cover up.
ENSIFORM, en'si-form, _adj._ having the shape of a sword. [L. _ensis_, a
sword, and _forma_, form.]
ENSIGN, en's[=i]n, _n._ a sign or mark: the sign or flag distinguishing a
nation or a regiment: one who carries the colours: until 1871, the title
given to officers of the lowest commissioned rank in the British
infantry.--_ns._ EN'SIGN-BEAR'ER; EN'SIGNCY, EN'SIGNSHIP, the rank or
commission of an ensign in the army. [O. Fr. _enseigne_--L. _insignia_, pl.
of _insigne_, a distinctive mark--_in_, and _signum_, a mark.]
ENSILAGE, en'sil-[=a]j, _n._ the storing of green fodder, &c., in
pits.--_v.t._ EN'SILE, to store by ensilage. [Fr.,--Sp. _en_, and
_silo_--L.,--Gr. _siros_, pit for corn.]
ENSKY, en-sk[=i]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to place in the sky.
ENSLAVE, en-sl[=a]v', _v.t._ to make a slave of: to subject to the
influence of.--_p.adj._ ENSLAVED'.--_ns._ ENSLAVE'MENT, act of enslaving:
state of being enslaved: slavery: bondage; ENSLAV'ER.
ENSNARE, en-sn[=a]r', INSNARE, in-, _v.t._ to catch in a snare: to entrap:
to entangle.
ENSNARL, en-snärl', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to entangle.
ENSORCELL, en-s[=o]r'sel, _v.t._ to bewitch. [O. Fr. _ensorceler_--_en_,
and _sorcier_, a sorceror.]
ENSOUL, en-s[=o]l', INSOUL, in-, _v.t._ to join with the soul: to animate
as a soul.
ENSPHERE, en-sf[=e]r', INSPHERE, in-, _v.t._ to enclose in a sphere: to
give a spherical form.
ENSTAMP, en-stamp', _v.t._ to mark as with a stamp.
ENSTEEP, en-st[=e]p', _v.t._ to steep: to lay under water.
ENSTYLE, en-st[=i]l', _v.t._ to style, call.
ENSUE, en-s[=u]', _v.i._ to follow, to come after: to result (with
_from_).--_v.t._ (_B._, _arch._) to follow after:--_pr.p._ ens[=u]'ing;
_pa.p._ ens[=u]ed'. [O. Fr. _ensuir_ (Fr. _ensuivre_)--L. _in_, after,
_sequi_, to follow.]
ENSURE, en-sh[=oo]r', _v.t._ to make sure. [See INSURE.]
ENSWATHE, en-sw[=a]th', INSWATHE, in-, _v.t._ to wrap in a swathe.--_n._
ENSWATHE'MENT.
ENSWEEP, en-sw[=e]p', _v.t._ to sweep over.
ENTABLATURE, en-tab'lat-[=u]r, _n._ that part of a design in classic
architecture which surmounts the columns and rests upon the capitals.
[Prob. through Fr. from It. _intavolatura_--_in_, in, _tavola_, a table.]
ENTAIL, en-t[=a]l', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to carve. [O. Fr. _entailler_--Low L.
_en_, into, _tale[=a]re_, to cut.]
ENTAIL, en-t[=a]l', _v.t._ to settle an estate on a series of heirs, so
that the immediate possessor may not dispose of it: to bring on as an
inevitable consequence:--_pr.p._ entail'ing; _pa.p._ entailed'.--_n._ an
estate entailed: the rule of descent of an estate.--_ns._ ENTAIL'ER;
ENTAIL'MENT, act of entailing: state of being entailed. [O. Fr.
_entailler_, to cut into--_en_, in, into, _tailler_, to cut--L. _talea_, a
twig.]
ENTAL, en'tal, _adj._ internal. [Gr. _entos_, within.]
ENTAME, en-t[=a]m', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to tame.
ENTANGLE, en-tang'gl, _v.t._ to twist into a tangle, or so as not to be
easily separated: to involve in complications: to perplex: to
ensnare.--_n._ ENTANG'LEMENT, a confused state: perplexity.
ENTASIS, en'ta-sis, _n._ (_archit._) the swelling outline of the shaft of a
column--also ENT[=A]'SIA: constrictive or tonic spasm.--_adj._ ENTAS'TIC.
[Gr.,--_en_, in, _teinein_, to stretch.]
ENTELECHY, en-tel'ek-i, _n._ (_phil._) actuality: distinctness of realised
existence. [Gr. _entelecheia_--_en_, in, _telos_, perfection, _echein_, to
have.]
ENTELLUS, en-tel'us, _n._ the hanuman of India.
ENTENDER, en-tend'[.e]r, _v.t._ to make tender: to weaken.
ENTER, en't[.e]r, _v.i._ to go or come in: to penetrate: to engage in: to
form a part of.--_v.t._ to come or go into: to join or engage in: to begin:
to put into: to enrol or record: to cause to be inscribed, as a boy's name
at school, a horse for a race, &c.--_n._ (_Shak._) ingoing.--_adj._
EN'TERABLE.--_ns._ EN'TERCLOSE, a passage between two rooms; EN'TERER;
EN'TERING.--ENTER A PROTEST, to write it in the books: thence simply, to
protest; ENTER INTO, to become a party to: to be interested in: to be part
of; ENTER ON, to begin: to engage in. [Fr. _entrer_--L. _intrare_, to go
into, related to _inter_, between.]
ENTERDEAL, obsolete form of _interdeal_.
ENTERIC, en-ter'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the intestines.--_ns._
ENTERADENOG'RAPHY, description of the intestinal glands; ENTERADENOL'OGY,
the branch of anatomy relating to the intestinal glands; ENTERAL'GIA,
intestinal neuralgia; ENTER[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the intestines;
EN'TEROCELE, a hernial tumour containing part of the intestines;
ENTEROGASTR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the stomach and bowels; EN'TEROLITE,
EN'TEROLITH, an intestinal concretion or calculus; ENTEROL'OGY, a treatise
on the internal parts of the body; EN'TERON, the entire intestine or
alimentary canal:--_pl._ EN'TERA; ENTEROP'ATHY, disease of the intestines;
ENTEROPNEUST'A, a class of worm-like animals, having the paired respiratory
pouches opening from the front part of the alimentary canal; ENTEROT'OMY,
dissection or incision of the intestines. [Gr. _enterikos_--_enteron_,
intestine.]
ENTERPRISE, en't[.e]r-pr[=i]z, _n._ that which is attempted: a bold or
dangerous undertaking: an adventure: daring.--_v.t._ to undertake.--_n._
EN'TERPRISER, an adventurer.--_p.adj._ EN'TERPRISING, forward in
undertaking: adventurous.--_adv._ EN'TERPRISINGLY. [O. Fr. _entreprise_,
pa.p. of _entreprendre_--_entre_, in, _prendre_--L. _prehend[)e]re_, to
seize.]
ENTERTAIN, en-t[.e]r-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to receive and treat hospitably: to
hold the attention of and amuse by conversation: to amuse: to receive and
take into consideration: to keep or hold in the mind: to harbour.--_n._
ENTERTAIN'ER.--_p.adj._ ENTERTAIN'ING, affording entertainment:
amusing.--_adv._ ENTERTAIN'INGLY.--_n._ ENTERTAIN'MENT, act of
entertaining: hospitality at table: that which entertains: the provisions
of the table: a banquet: amusement: a performance which delights. [Fr.
_entretenir_--L. _inter_, among, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]
ENTERTAKE, en-t[.e]r-t[=a]k', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to entertain.
ENTERTISSUE. See INTERTISSUE.
ENTHEASM, en'th[=e]-azm, _n._ divine inspiration, ecstasy.--_adj._
ENTHEAS'TIC.--_adv._ ENTHEAS'TICALLY.
ENTHELMINTHA, en-thel-min'tha, _n.pl._ a general name of intestinal worms.
ENTHRAL, en-thrawl', INTHRAL, in-, _v.t._ to bring into thraldom or
bondage: to enslave: to shackle.--_ns._ ENTHRAL'DOM, condition of being
enthralled; ENTHRAL'MENT, act of enthralling: slavery.
ENTHRONE, en-thr[=o]n', _v.t._ to place on a throne: to exalt to the seat
of royalty: to install as a bishop: to exalt.--_ns._ ENTHRONE'MENT,
ENTHRONIS[=A]'TION, the act of enthroning or of being enthroned.--_v.t._
ENTHR[=O]'NISE, to enthrone, as a bishop: to exalt.
ENTHUSIASM, en-th[=u]'zi-azm, _n._ intense interest: intensity of feeling:
passionate zeal.--_n._ ENTH[=U]'SIAST, one inspired by enthusiasm: one who
admires or loves intensely.--_adjs._ ENTHUSIAS'TIC, -AL, filled with
enthusiasm; zealous: ardent.--_adv._ ENTHUSIAS'TICALLY. [Through L., from
Gr. _enthusiasmos_, a god-inspired zeal--_enthousiazein_, to be inspired by
a god--_en_, in, _theos_, a god.]
ENTHYMEME, en'thi-m[=e]m, _n._ (_rhet._) an argument consisting of only two
propositions, an antecedent and a consequent: a syllogism in which the
major proposition is suppressed.--_adj._ ENTHYMEMAT'ICAL. [From L. from Gr.
_enthym[=e]ma_, a consideration--_enthymeesthai_, to consider--_en_, in,
_thymos_, the mind.]
ENTICE, en-t[=i]s', _v.t._ to induce by exciting hope or desire: to tempt:
to lead astray.--_adj._ ENTICE'ABLE.--_ns._ ENTICE'MENT, act of enticing:
that which entices or tempts: allurement; ENTIC'ER.--_p.adj._
ENTIC'ING.--_adv._ ENTIC'INGLY. [O. Fr. _enticier_, provoke; prob. related
to L. _titio_, a firebrand.]
ENTIRE, en-t[=i]r', _adj._ whole: complete: unmingled: not castrated,
specially of a horse.--_n._ the whole: completeness: a stallion: porter or
stout as delivered from the brewery.--_adv._ ENTIRE'LY.--_ns._ ENTIRE'NESS,
ENTIRE'TY, completeness: the whole.--IN ITS ENTIRETY, in its completeness.
[O. Fr. _entier_--L. _integer_, whole, from _in_, not, _tang[)e]re_, to
touch.]
ENTITLE, en-t[=i]'tl, _v.t._ to give a title to: to style: to give a claim
to. [O. Fr. _entiteler_--Low L. _intitul[=a]re_--_in_, in, _titulus_,
title.]
ENTITY, en'ti-ti, _n._ being: existence: a real substance. [Low L.
_entitat-em_--_ens_ (q.v.).]
ENTOBLAST, en't[=o]-blast, _n._ the nucleolus of a cell.
ENTOCELE, en't[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ morbid displacement of parts.
ENTOIL, en-toil', _v.t._ to entangle or ensnare.
ENTOMB, en-t[=oo]m', _v.t._ to place in a tomb: to bury.--_n._ ENTOMB'MENT,
burial. [O. Fr. _entoumber_--_en_, in, _tombe_, a tomb.]
ENTOMOLOGY, en-to-mol'o-ji, _n._ the science which treats of
insects.--_adjs._ ENTOM'IC, -AL, relating to insects.--_n._ ENTOMOG'RAPHY,
descriptive entomology.--_adj._ EN'TOMOID, insect-like.--_n._ ENTOM'OLITE,
a fossil insect.--_adj._ ENTOMOLOG'ICAL.--_adv._ ENTOMOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.t._
ENTOMOL'OGISE.--_ns._ ENTOMOL'OGIST, one learned in entomology.--_n.pl._
ENTOMOPH'AGA, a sub-section of _Hymenoptera terebrantia_, or boring
hymenopterous insects.--_adjs._ ENTOMOPH'AGAN, ENTOMOPH'AGOUS,
insectivorous; ENTOMOPH'ILOUS, insect-loving--of such flowers as are
specially adapted for fertilisation by the agency of insects.--_ns._
EN'TOMOTAXY, preparation of insects for preservation; ENTOMOT'OMIST;
ENTOMOT'OMY, dissection of insects. [Gr. _entoma_, insects, _logia_, a
discourse, _phagein_, to eat, _philein_, to love, _taxis_, arrangement,
_temnein_, to cut.]
ENTOMOSTOMATA, en-to-mo-stom'a-ta, _n.pl._ a family of mollusca. [Gr.
_entomos_, cut into--_en_, in, _temnein_, to cut, _stoma_, a mouth.]
ENTOMOSTRACA, en-to-mos'tra-ka, _n.pl._ a general name for the lower orders
of crustacea--_Phyllopods_, _Ostracods_, _Copepods_, and
_Cirripedes_:--_sing._ ENTOMOS'TRACAN.--_adj._ ENTOMOS'TRACOUS. [Gr.
_entomos_, cut in--_en_, in, _temnein_, to cut, _ostrakon_, a shell.]
ENTONIC, en-ton'ik, _adj._ showing high tension.
ENTOPERIPHERAL, en-t[=o]-pe-rif'e-ral, _adj._ situated or originated within
the periphery or external surface of the body.
ENTOPHYTE, en'to-f[=i]t, _n._ a parasitic plant which grows in a living
animal.--_adj._ ENTOPHYT'IC.--_adv._ ENTOPHYT'ICALLY.--_adj._ EN'TOPHYTOUS.
[Gr. _enton_, within, and _phyton_, a plant.]
ENTOTIC, en-tot'ik, _adj._ of the interior of the ear.
ENTOURAGE, äng-t[=oo]-razh', _n._ surroundings: followers.
[Fr.,--_entourer_, to surround--_en_, in, _tour_, a circuit.]
ENTOZOA, en-to-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ animals that live inside of other animals:
internal parasites such as Tapeworms (q.v.):--_sing._
ENTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ ENTOZ[=O]'AL, ENTOZ[=O]'IC.--_ns._ ENTOZOOL'OGIST;
ENTOZOOL'OGY.--_adj._ ENTOZOOT'IC. [Gr. _entos_, within, _z[=o]on_, an
animal.]
ENTR'ACTE, äng-trakt', _n._ the time between two acts in a play: (_mus._)
an instrumental piece performed between acts. [Fr., _entre_, between,
_acte_, an act.]
ENTRAIL, en-tr[=a]l', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to interlace, entwine.--_n._
(_Spens._) twisting, entanglement. [O. Fr. _entreillier_--_en_, and
_treille_, trellis-work.]
ENTRAILS, en'tr[=a]lz, _n.pl._ the internal parts of an animal's body, the
bowels: the inside of anything: (_obs._) the seat of the emotions. [O. Fr.
_entraille_--Low L. _intralia_--_inter_, within.]
ENTRAIN, en-tr[=a]n', _v.t._ to put into a railway train, esp. used of
troops.
ENTRAIN, en-tr[=a]n', _v.t._ to draw after. [Fr. _entraîner_.]
ENTRAMMEL, en-tram'el, _v.t._ to trammel, fetter.
ENTRANCE, en'trans, _n._ act of entering: power or right to enter: the
place for entering, the door: the beginning.--_n._ EN'TRANT, one who, or
that which, enters. [Fr. _entrer_--L. _intr[=a]re_, to enter.]
ENTRANCE, en-trans', _v.t._ to put into a trance: to fill with rapturous
delight.--_n._ ENTRANCE'MENT, state of trance or of excessive
joy.--_p.adj._ ENTRANC'ING, charming, transporting.
ENTRAP, en-trap', _v.t._ to catch, as in a trap: to ensnare: to
entangle.--_ns._ ENTRAP'MENT, act of entrapping: the state of being
entrapped: ENTRAP'PER. [O. Fr. _entraper_--_en_, in, _trappe_, a trap.]
ENTREASURE, en-trezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ to lay up, as in a treasury.
ENTREAT, en-tr[=e]t', _v.t._ to ask earnestly: to beseech: to pray for:
(_orig._) to treat, to deal with--so in _B._--_v.i._ to pray.--_adjs._
ENTREAT'ABLE; ENTREAT'FUL (_Spens._); ENTREAT'ING, that entreats.--_adv._
ENTREAT'INGLY, in an entreating manner: with solicitation.--_adj._
ENTREAT'IVE, pleading.--_ns._ ENTREAT'MENT, act of entreating: (_Shak._)
discourse; ENTREAT'Y, act of entreating; earnest prayer. [O. Fr.
_entraiter_--_en_, and _traiter_, to treat.]
ENTRÉE, äng-tr[=a]', _n._ entry, freedom of access, admittance: a made dish
served at dinner between the chief courses: (_mus._) an introduction or
prelude: the act of entering, a formal entrance. [Fr.]
ENTREMETS, äng-tr'm[=a]', _n._ any dainty served at table between the chief
courses--formerly ENTREMES, ENTREMESSE. [O. Fr. _entremes_--_entre_,
between, _mes_ (mod. _mets_), a dish.]
ENTRENCH, en-trensh', INTRENCH, in-, _v.t._ to dig a trench around: to
fortify with a ditch and parapet.--_v.i._ to encroach.--_n._ ENTRENCH'MENT,
an earthen parapet thrown up to give cover against an enemy's fire and the
ditch or trench from which the earth is obtained: any protection: an
encroachment.--ENTRENCH UPON, to encroach upon.
ENTREPAS, äng'tr'pä, _n._ a gait between a walk and a trot, an amble. [Fr.]
ENTREPÔT, äng'tr'p[=o], _n._ a storehouse: a bonded warehouse: a seaport
through which exports and imports pass. [Fr.]
ENTRESOL, en'ter-sol, or äng'tr'sol, _n._ a low story between two main
stories of a building, generally above the first story; in London, usually
between the ground-floor and the first story. [Fr.,--_entre_, between,
_sol_, the ground.]
ENTROCHITE, en'tr[=o]-k[=i]t, _n._ a wheel-like joint of an encrinite or
fossil crinoid--also EN'TROCHUS.--_adj._ EN'TROCHAL. [Gr. _en_, in,
_trochos_, a wheel.]
ENTROPION, -UM, en-tr[=o]'pi-on, -um, _n._ inversion of the edge of the
eyelid. [Gr. _entrop[=e]_.]
ENTROPY, en'trop-i, _n._ a term in physics signifying 'the available
energy.'
ENTRUST, en-trust', INTRUST, in-, _v.t._ to give in trust: to commission:
to commit to another, trusting his fidelity.--_n._ ENTRUST'MENT.
ENTRY, en'tri, _n._ act of entering: a passage into a short lane leading
into a court: act of committing to writing: the thing written: (_law_) the
taking possession of.--_n._ EN'TRY-MON'EY, the money paid on entering a
society, club, &c.--PORT OF ENTRY (see PORT).
ENTWINE, en-tw[=i]n', _v.t._ to interlace: to weave.
ENTWIST, en-twist', _v.t._ to twist round.
ENUBILATE, [=e]-n[=u]'bi-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to clear from clouds.--_adj._
EN[=U]'BILOUS.
ENUCLEATE, en-[=u]'kle-[=a]t, _v.t._ to lay bare, explain: to
extract.--_n._ ENUCLE[=A]'TION. [L. _enucle[=a]re_--_e_, out, _nucleus_, a
kernel.]
ENUMERATE, e-n[=u]'mer-[=a]t, _v.t._ to count the number of: to name
over.--_n._ ENUMER[=A]'TION, act of numbering: a detailed account: a
summing up.--_adj._ EN[=U]'MERATIVE.--_n._ EN[=U]'MERATOR, one who
enumerates. [L. _e_, out, _numer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to number.]
ENUNCIATE, e-nun'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to state formally: to pronounce
distinctly.--_adj._ ENUN'CIABLE, capable of being enunciated.--_n._
ENUNCI[=A]'TION, act of enunciating: manner of uttering or pronouncing: a
distinct statement or declaration: the words in which a proposition is
expressed.--_adjs._ ENUN'CI[=A]TIVE, ENUN'CI[=A]TORY, containing
enunciation or utterance: declarative.--_n._ ENUN'CI[=A]TOR, one who
enunciates. [L. _enunti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _nunti[=a]re_, to
tell--_nuntius_, a messenger.]
ENURE, e-n[=u]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to practise.--_v.i._ to belong. [_En-_,
and _ure_--O. Fr. _oeuvre_--work.]
ENURESIS, en-[=u]-r[=e]'sis, _n._ incontinence of urine.
ENVASSAL, en-vas'al, _v.t._ to reduce to vassalage.
ENVAULT, en-vawlt', _v.t._ to enclose in a vault.
ENVEIGLE. See INVEIGLE.
ENVELOP, en-vel'up, _v.t._ to cover by wrapping: to surround entirely: to
hide.--_n._ ENVELOPE (en'vel-[=o]p, sometimes, but quite unnecessarily,
äng'vel-[=o]p), that which envelops, wraps, or covers, esp. the cover of a
letter.--_adj._ ENVEL'OPED (_her._), entwined, as with serpents, laurels,
&c.--_n._ ENVEL'OPMENT, a wrapping or covering on all sides. [O. Fr.
_enveloper_; origin obscure. Skeat refers it to the assumed Teut. root of
M. E. _wlappen_, Eng. _lap_.]
ENVENOM, en-ven'um, _v.t._ to put venom into: to poison: to taint with
bitterness or malice. [O. Fr. _envenimer_--_en_, and _venim_, venom.]
ENVERMEIL, en-v[.e]r'mil, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to dye red, to give a red colour
to. [O. Fr. _envermeiller_--_en_, in, _vermeil_, red, vermilion.]
ENVIRON, en-v[=i]'run, _v.t._ to surround: to encircle: to invest:--_pr.p._
env[=i]'roning; _pa.p._ env[=i]'roned.--_n._ ENV[=I]'RONMENT, a
surrounding: conditions influencing development or growth.--_n.pl._
ENVIRONS (en-v[=i]'runz, or en'vi-), the places that environ: the outskirts
of a city: neighbourhood. [Fr. _environner_--_environ_, around--_virer_, to
turn round; cf. _veer_.]
ENVISAGE, en-viz'[=a]j, _v.t._ to face: to consider.--_n._ ENVIS'AGEMENT.
[Fr. _envisager_--_en_, and _visage_, the visage.]
ENVOY, en'voi, _n._ a messenger, esp. one sent to transact business with a
foreign government: a diplomatic minister of the second order.--_n._
EN'VOYSHIP. [For Fr. _envoyé_--_envoyer_, to send.]
ENVOY, ENVOI, en'voi, _n._ the concluding part of a poem or a book: the
author's final words, esp. now the short stanza concluding a poem written
in certain archaic metrical forms. [O. Fr. _envoye_--_envoiier_, to
send--_en voie_, on the way--L. _in_, on, _via_, a way.]
ENVY, en'vi, _v.t._ to look upon with a grudging eye: to hate on account of
prosperity:--_pr.p._ en'vying; _pa.p._ en'vied.--_n._ grief at the sight of
another's success: a wicked desire to supplant one: a desire for the
advantages enjoyed by another: (_B._) ill-will.--_adj._ EN'VIABLE, that is
to be envied.--_n._ EN'VIABLENESS, the state or quality of being
enviable.--_adv._ EN'VIABLY.--_n._ EN'VIER, one who envies.--_adj._
EN'VIOUS, feeling envy: directed by envy: (_Spens._) enviable.--_adv._
EN'VIOUSLY.--_ns._ EN'VIOUSNESS; EN'VYING (_B._), jealousy, ill-will. [Fr.
_envie_--L. _invidia_--_in_, on, _vid[=e]re_, to look.]
ENWALL, en-wawl', INWALL, in-, _v.t._ to enclose within a wall.
ENWALLOW, en-wol'[=o], _v.t._ (_Spens._) to roll about, to wallow.
ENWHEEL, en-hw[=e]l', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to encircle.
ENWIND, en-w[=i]nd', INWIND, in-, _v.t._ to wind itself round.
ENWOMB, en-w[=oo]m', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make pregnant: (_Shak._) to
conceive in the womb: to contain.
ENWRAP, en-rap', INWRAP, in-, _v.t._ to cover by wrapping: to perplex: to
engross.--_n._ ENWRAP'MENT.--_p.adj._ ENWRAP'PING.
ENWREATHE, en-r[=e]_th_', INWREATHE, in-, _v.t._ to wreathe: to encircle as
with a wreath.
ENZONE, en-z[=o]n', _v.t._ to enclose as with a zone.
ENZOOTIC, en-z[=o]-ot'ik, _adj._ endemic among animals in a particular
district.--_n._ a disease of this character.
ENZYM, ENZYME, en'zim, _n._ any of the unorganised ferments: leavened
bread--opp. to _Azym_ (q.v.).--_adj._ ENZYMOT'IC. [Gr. _en_, in, _zym[=e]_,
leaven.]
EOAN, [=e]-[=o]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to dawn. [L.,--Gr. _[=e][=o]s_,
dawn.]
EOCENE, [=e]'[=o]-s[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) first in time of the three
subdivisions of the Tertiary formation. [Gr. _[=e][=o]s_, daybreak,
_kainos_, new.]
EOLIAN, EOLIC, EOLIPILE. Same as ÆOLIAN, ÆOLIC, ÆOLIPILE.
EON. See ÆON.
EOTHEN, [=e]-[=o]'then, _adv._ from the east--the name given by Kinglake to
his book of travel in the East (1844). [Gr., lit. 'from morn,' 'at earliest
dawn.']
EOZOÖN, [=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'on, _n._ an assumed organism whose remains
constitute reefs of rocks in the Archæan system in Canada.--_adj._
EOZ[=O]'IC. [Gr. _[=e][=o]s_, dawn, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]
EPACRID, ep'a-krid, _n._ a plant of order _Epacridaceæ_, a small order of
heath-like shrubs or small trees. [Gr. _epi_, upon, _akris_, a summit.]
EPACT, [=e]'pakt, _n._ the moon's age at the beginning of the year: the
excess of the solar month or year above the lunar: (_pl._) a set of
nineteen numbers used for fixing the date of Easter and other church
festivals, by indicating the age of the moon at the beginning of each civil
year in the lunar cycle. [Fr.,--Gr. _epaktos_, brought on--_epi_, on,
_agein_, to bring.]
EPAGOGE, ep-a-g[=o]'j[=e], _n._ induction, proof by example.
EPALPATE, [=e]-pal'p[=a]t, _adj._ having no palps or feeders.
EPANADIPLOSIS, ep-a-na-di-pl[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which a
sentence begins and ends with the same word, as in Phil. iv. 4. [Gr.]
EPANALEPSIS, ep-a-na-lep'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) repetition or resumption, as
in 1 Cor. xi. 18 and 20. [Gr.]
EPANODOS, e-pan'[=o]-dos, _n._ recapitulation of the chief points in a
discourse. [Gr.]
EPANORTHOSIS, ep-an-or-th[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the retracting of a
statement in order to correct or intensify it, as 'For Britain's guid! for
her destruction!' [Gr.]
EPANTHOUS, ep-an'thus, _adj._ growing upon flowers. [Gr. _epi_, upon,
_anthos_, a flower.]
EPARCH, ep'ärk, _n._ the governor of a Greek province.--_n._ EP'ARCHY, the
province or territory ruled over by an eparch. [Gr. _eparchos_--_epi_,
upon, _arch[=e]_, dominion.]
EPAULEMENT, e-pawl'ment, _n._ a side-work of a battery or earthwork to
protect it from a flanking fire.--_n._ EPAULE', the shoulder of a bastion.
[Fr.,--_épauler_, to protect--_épaule_, shoulder.]
EPAULET, EPAULETTE, ep'ol-et, _n._ a shoulder-piece: a badge of a military
or naval officer (now disused in the British army): an ornament on the
shoulder of a lady's dress. [Fr. _épaulette_--_épaule_, the shoulder.]
EPEIRA, ep-[=i]r'a, _n._ a genus of spiders, the type of the _Epeiridæ_,
including the common garden spider. [Gr. _epi_, on, _eiros_, wool.]
EPENCEPHALON, ep-en-sef'a-lon, _n._ the hindmost of the divisions of the
brain.--_adj._ EPENCEPHAL'IC.
EPENTHESIS, e-pen'the-sis, _n._ the insertion of a letter or syllable
within a word.--_adj._ EPENTHET'IC. [Gr.]
EPEOLATRY, ep-e-ol'a-tri, _n._ worship of words. [Gr. _epos_, word,
_latreia_, worship.]
EPERGNE, e-p[.e]rn', _n._ an ornamental stand for a large dish for the
centre of a table. [Perh. from Fr. _épargne_, saving--_épargner_, to save.]
EPEXEGESIS, ep-eks-e-j[=e]'sis, _n._ the addition of words to make the
sentence more clear.--_adjs._ EPEXEGET'IC, -AL.--_adv._ EPEXEGET'ICALLY.
[Gr. _epi_, in addition, _ex[=e]geisthai_, to explain.]
EPHA, EPHAH, [=e]'fa, _n._ a Hebrew measure for dry goods. [Heb.; prob. of
Egyptian origin.]
EPHEBE, ef-[=e]b', _n._ (_Greek antiquities_) a young citizen from 18 to 20
years of age. [L. _eph[=e]bus_--Gr. _eph[=e]bos_--_epi_, upon,
_h[=e]b[=e]_, early manhood.]
EPHEMERA, ef-em'er-a, _n._ the Mayfly, a genus of short-lived insects: that
which lasts a short time.--_adj._ EPHEM'ERAL, existing only for a day:
daily: short-lived.--_n._ anything lasting a short time.--_ns._
EPHEMERAL'ITY; EPHEM'ERID, an insect belonging to the group
_Ephemeridæ_.--_adj._ EPHEMERID'IAN.--_ns._ EPHEM'ERIS, an account of daily
transactions: a journal: an astronomical almanac:--_pl._ EPHEMERIDES
(ef-e-mer'i-d[=e]z); EPHEM'ERIST, one who studies the daily motions of the
planets; EPHEM'ERON, an insect that lives but a day.--_adj._ EPHEM'EROUS.
[Through L.,--Gr. _eph[=e]meros_, living a day--_epi_, for, _h[=e]mera_, a
day.]
EPHESIAN, ef-[=e]'zi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Ephesus_.--_n._ an
inhabitant of Ephesus: (_Shak._) 'a jolly companion.'
EPHOD, ef'od, _n._ a kind of linen surplice worn by the Jewish priests: a
surplice, generally. [Heb. _aphad_, to put on.]
EPHOR, ef'or, _n._ a class of magistrates whose office apparently
originated at Sparta, being peculiar to the Doric states.--_n._ EPH'ORALTY.
[Gr. _epi_, upon, and root of _horaein_, to see.]
EPIBLAST, ep'i-blast, _n._ Same as ECTODERM.
EPIC, ep'ik, _adj._ applied to a poem which recounts a great event in an
elevated style: lofty: grand.--_n._ an epic or heroic poem: a story
comparable to those in epic poems.--_ns._ EP'ICISM; EP'ICIST.--EPIC
DIALECT, the Greek in which the books of Homer are written. [L.
_epicus_--Gr. _epikos_--_epos_, a word.]
EPICALYX, ep-i-k[=a]'liks, _n._ an external or accessory calyx outside of
the true calyx, as in _Potentilla_.
EPICARP, ep'i-kärp, _n._ (_bot._) the outermost layer of the pericarp or
fruit. [Gr. _epi_, upon, _karpos_, fruit.]
EPICEDIUM, ep-i-s[=e]'di-um, _n._ a funeral ode.--_adjs._ EPIC[=E]'DIAL,
EPIC[=E]'DIAN, elegiac. [L.,--Gr. _epik[=e]deion_--_epi_, upon, _k[=e]dos_,
care.]
EPICENE, ep'i-s[=e]n, _adj._ and _n._ common to both sexes: (_gram._) of
either gender. [Through L.,--Gr. _epikoinos_--_epi_, upon, _koinos_,
common.]
EPICHEIREMA, ep-i-k[=i]-r[=e]'ma, _n._ a syllogism confirmed in its major
or minor premise, or in both, by an incidental proposition. [Gr.
_epicheir[=e]ma_, attempt--_epi_, upon, _cheir_, the hand.]
EPICLINAL, ep-i-kl[=i]'nal, _adj._ (_bot._) placed on the torus or
receptacle of a flower.
EPICURE, ep'i-k[=u]r, _n._ a follower of _Epicurus_ (341-270 B.C.), a Greek
philosopher, who taught that pleasure was the chief good: one given to
sensual enjoyment: one devoted to the luxuries of the table.--_adj._
EPICUR[=E]'AN, pertaining to Epicurus: given to luxury.--_n._ a follower of
Epicurus: one given to the luxuries of the table.--_n._ EPICUR[=E]'ANISM,
the doctrine of Epicurus: attachment to these doctrines.--_v.i._
EP'ICURISE, to play the epicure, to feast, riot: to profess the philosophy
of Epicurus.--_n._ EP'ICURISM, the doctrines of Epicurus: luxury: sensual
enjoyment.
EPICYCLE, ep'i-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a circle having its centre on the
circumference of a greater circle on which it moves.--_adj._
EPICY'CLIC.--_n._ EPICY'CLOID, a curve described by every point in the
plane of a circle moving on the convex circumference of another
circle.--_adj._ EPICYCLOI'DAL. [Gr. _epi_, upon, _kyklos_, a circle.]
EPIDEICTIC, -AL, ep-i-d[=i]k'tik, -al, _adj._ done for show or display.
[Gr. _epi_, upon, _deiknynai_, to show.]
EPIDEMIC, -AL, ep-i-dem'ik, -al, _adj._ affecting a community at a certain
time: general.--_n._ EPIDEM'IC, a disease falling on great numbers in one
place, simultaneously or in succession.--_adv._ EPIDEM'ICALLY.--_n._
EPIDEMIOL'OGY, the science of epidemics. [Gr. _epid[=e]mos_,
general--_epi_, among, _d[=e]mos_, the people.]
EPIDERMIS, ep-i-d[.e]r'mis, _n._ scarf-skin or cuticle, forming an external
covering of a protective nature for the true skin or corium.--_adjs._
EPIDER'MATOID; EPIDER'MIC, EPIDER'MAL, EPIDER'MIDAL. [Gr.
_epidermis_--_epi_, upon, _derma_, the skin.]
EPIDOTE, ep'i-d[=o]t, _n._ a silicate of aluminium, iron, and calcium.
EPIGASTRIUM, ep-i-gas'tri-um, _n._ the part of the abdomen which chiefly
corresponds to the situation of the stomach, extending from the sternum
towards the navel.--_adj._ EPIGAS'TRIC. [Gr. _epi_, upon, _gast[=e]r_, the
stomach.]
EPIGENE, ep'i-j[=e]n, _adj._ applied to the geological agents of change
which affect chiefly the superficial position of the earth's crust, as the
atmosphere, water, &c.--_adjs._ EPIG'ENOUS, growing on the surface of a
part; EPIG[=E]'OUS, growing on the earth--also EPIG[=E]'AL. [Gr. _epi_,
upon, _gennaein_, to produce.]
EPIGENESIS, ep-i-jen'e-sis, _n._ the development of the organism by the
growth and differentiation of a single germ--i.e. by the division or
segmentation of a fertilised egg-cell.--_n._ EPIGEN'ESIST.--_adj._
EPIGENET'IC. [Gr. _epi_, upon, _genesis_, genesis.]
EPIGLOTTIS, ep-i-glot'is, _n._ the cartilage at the root of the tongue that
partly closes the aperture of the larynx.--_adj._ EPIGLOTT'IC. [Gr. _epi_,
upon, _gl[=o]tta_ (_gl[=o]ssa_), the tongue.]
EPIGRAM, ep'i-gram, _n._ any concise and pointed or sarcastic saying: a
short poem on one subject ending with an ingenious thought.--_adjs._
EPIGRAMMAT'IC, -AL, relating to or dealing in epigrams: like an epigram:
concise and pointed.--_adv._ EPIGRAMMAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ EPIGRAM'MATISE, to
make an epigram on.--_n._ EPIGRAM'MATIST, one who writes epigrams. [Through
Fr. and L., from Gr. _epigramma_--_epi_, upon, _gramma_, a
writing--_graphein_, to write.]
EPIGRAPH, ep'i-graf, _n._ an inscription, esp. on a building: a citation or
motto at the commencement of a book or its parts.--_v.t._ to provide with
an epigraph.--_ns._ EPIG'RAPHER, EPIG'RAPHIST.--_adj._ EPIGRAPH'IC.--_n._
EPIG'RAPHY. [Gr. _epi-graph[=e]_--_epi_, upon, _graphein_, to write.]
EPIGYNOUS, e-pij'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) growing upon the top of the ovary.
EPILEPSY, ep'i-lep-si, _n._ a chronic functional disease of the nervous
system, manifested by recurring attacks of sudden insensibility or
impairment of consciousness, commonly accompanied by peculiar convulsive
seizures.--_n._ EPILEP'TIC, an epileptic patient.--_adjs._ EPILEP'TIC, -AL;
EPILEP'TOID. [Gr. _epilepsia_--_epi_, upon, _lambanein_, _l[=e]psesthai_,
to seize.]
EPILOGUE, ep'i-log, _n._ the conclusion of a book: a speech or short poem
at the end of a play.--_adjs._ EPILOG'IC (-loj'ik), EPILOGIS'TIC.--_v.i._
EPIL'OGISE ('o-j[=i]z), to write an epilogue. [Fr.--L.--Gr. _epilogos_,
conclusion--_epi_, upon, _legein_, to speak.]
EPINASTY, ep'i-nas-ti, _n._ (_bot._) curvature of an organ, caused by a
more active growth on its upper side.--_adj._ EPINAS'TIC.--_adv._
EPINAS'TICALLY.
EPIPERIPHERAL, ep-i-pe-rif'e-ral, _adj._ situated on the periphery or outer
surface of the body.
EPIPETALOUS, ep-i-pet'a-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) inserted or growing on a
petal.
EPIPHANY, e-pif'an-i, _n._ a church festival celebrated on Jan. 6, in
commemoration of the manifestation of Christ to the wise men of the East:
the manifestation of a god. [Gr. _epiphaneia_, appearance--_epi_, to,
_phainein_, to show.]
EPIPHLOEUM, ep-i-fl[=e]'um, _n._ (_bot._) the corky envelope of the bark
next the epidermis.
EPIPHRAGM, ep'i-fram, _n._ (_bot._) the dilated apex of the columella in
urn-mosses: the disc with which certain molluscs close the aperture of
their shell.
EPIPHYLLOSPERMOUS, ep-i-fil-[=o]-sper'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) bearing fruit on
the back of the fronds, as ferns.
EPIPHYLLOUS, ep-i-fil'us, _adj._ (_bot._) growing upon a leaf, esp. on its
upper surface.
EPIPHYSIS, ep-if'i-sis, _n._ any portion of a bone having its own centre of
ossification: the pineal gland: a small upper piece of each half of an
alveolus of a sea-urchin:--_pl._ EPIPH'YSES. [Gr.]
EPIPHYTE, ep'i-f[=i]t, _n._ one of a species of plants attached to trees,
and deriving their nourishment from the decaying portions of the bark, and
perhaps also from the air.--_adjs._ EPIPHY'TAL, EPIPHYT'IC. [Gr. _epi_,
upon, and _phyton_, a plant.]
EPIPLASTRON, ep-i-plas'tron, _n._ the anterior lateral one of the nine
pieces of which the plastron of a turtle may consist.
EPIPLOON, e-pip'l[=o]-on, _n._ the great omentum.--_adj._ EPIPL[=O]'IC.
[Gr.]
EPIPOLISM, e-pip'[=o]-lizm, _n._ fluorescence.--_adj._ EPIPOL'IC. [Gr.]
EPIRHIZOUS, ep-i-r[=i]'zus, _adj._ growing on a root.
EPISCOPACY, e-pis'ko-pas-i, _n._ the government of the church by bishops:
the office of a bishop: the period of office: the bishops, as a
class.--_adj._ EPIS'COPAL, governed by bishops: belonging to or vested in
bishops.--_adj._ EPISCOP[=A]'LIAN, belonging to bishops, or government by
bishops.--_n._ one who belongs to the Episcopal Church.--_n._
EPISCOP[=A]'LIANISM, episcopalian government and doctrine.--_adv._
EPIS'COPALLY.--_ns._ EPIS'COPANT (_Milt._); EPIS'COPATE, a bishopric: the
office of a bishop: the order of bishops.--_v.i._ (_Milt._) to act as a
bishop.--_v.t._ EPIS'COP[=I]SE.--_n._ EPIS'COPY (_Milt._), survey,
superintendence. [L. _episcopatus_--Gr. _episkopos_, an overseer.]
EPISEMON, ep-i-s[=e]'mon, _n._ the characteristic device of a city, &c.:
one of three obsolete Greek letters used as numerals--[vau], vau; [koppa],
koppa; and [san], san, sampi.
EPISODE, ep'i-s[=o]d, _n._ a story introduced into a narrative or poem to
give variety: an interesting incident.--_adjs._ EP'IS[=O]DAL,
EPIS[=O]'DIAL, EPIS[=O]D'IC, EPIS[=O]D'ICAL, pertaining to or contained in
an episode: brought in as a digression.--_adv._ EPIS[=O]D'ICALLY, by way of
episode: incidentally. [Gr. _epeisodion_--_epi_, upon, _eisodos_, a coming
in--_eis_, into, _hodos_, a way.]
EPISPASTIC, ep-i-spas'tik, _adj._ producing a blister on the skin.--_n._ a
blister.
EPISPERM, ep'i-sp[.e]rm, _n._ the outer integument of a seed. [Gr. _epi_,
upon, and _sperma_, seed.]
EPISTAXIS, ep-is-tak'sis, _n._ bleeding from the nose.
EPISTEMOLOGY, ep-is-t[=e]-mol'oj-i, _n._ the theory of knowledge.--_adj._
EPISTEMOLOG'ICAL. [Gr. _epist[=e]m[=e]_, knowledge, _logia_, discourse.]
EPISTERNUM, ep-i-ster'num, _n._ the interclavicle: the epiplastron: the
presternum of mammals.--_adj._ EPISTER'NAL.
EPISTILBITE, ep-i-stil'b[=i]t, _n._ a whitish hydrous silicate of
aluminium, calcium, and sodium.
EPISTLE, e-pis'l, _n._ a writing sent to one, a letter: esp. a letter to an
individual or church from an apostle, as the Epistles of Paul: the extract
from one of the apostolical epistles read as part of the communion
service.--_v.i._ (_Milt._) to preface.--_ns._ EPIS'TLER, EPIS'TOLER, a
letter-writer; EPIS'TLER, one who reads the liturgical epistle in the
communion service.--_adjs._ EPIS'TOLARY, EPIS'TOLATORY, EPISTOL'IC, -AL,
pertaining to or consisting of epistles or letters: suitable to an epistle:
contained in letters.--_n._ EPIS'TOLET, a short letter.--_v.i._
EPIS'TOLISE, to write a letter.--_ns._ EPIS'TOLIST, a writer of letters;
EPISTOLOG'RAPHY, letter-writing. [O. Fr.,--L. _epistola_--Gr.
_epistol[=e]_--_epi_, _stellein_, to send.]
EPISTROPHE, e-pis'tr[=o]-f[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a form of repetition in
which successive clauses end with the same word, as in 2 Cor. xi. 22: a
refrain in music.
EPISTYLE, ep'i-st[=i]l, _n._ Same as ARCHITRAVE. [Gr. _epi_, upon,
_stylos_, a pillar.]
EPITAPH, ep'i-taf, _n._ a commemorative inscription on a tombstone or
monument.--_v.t._ to write an epitaph upon.--_adjs._ EPITAPH'IAN,
EPITAPH'IC.--_n._ EP'ITAPHIST, a writer of epitaphs. [Gr.
_epitaphion_--_epi_, upon, _taphos_, a tomb.]
EPITASIS, e-pit'a-sis, _n._ the main action of a Greek drama, leading to
the catastrophe--opp. to _Protasis_.
EPITHALAMIUM, ep-i-tha-l[=a]'mi-um, _n._ a song or poem in celebration of a
marriage.--_adj._ EPITHALAM'IC. [Gr. _epithalamion_--_epi_, upon,
_thalamos_, a bedchamber, marriage.]
EPITHELIUM, ep-i-th[=e]'li-um, _n._ the cell-tissue which invests the outer
surface of the body and the mucous membranes connected with it, and also
the closed cavities of the body.--_adj._ EPITH[=E]'LIAL.--_n._
EPITHELI[=O]'MA, carcinoma of the skin.--_adj._ EPITHELIOM'ATOUS.
[Gr.,--_epi_, upon, _th[=e]l[=e]_, nipple.]
EPITHEM, ep'i-them, _n._ (_med._) a soft external application. [Gr.
_epithema_--_epi_, upon, _tithenai_, to place.]
EPITHET, ep'i-thet, _n._ an adjective expressing some real quality of the
thing to which it is applied, or an attribute expressing some quality
ascribed to it: (_Shak._) term, expression.--_v.t._ to term.--_adj._
EPITHET'IC, pertaining to an epithet: abounding with epithets.--_n._
EPITH'ETON (_Shak._), epithet. [Gr. _epithetos_, added--_epi_, on,
_tithenai_, to place.]
EPITHYMETIC, ep-i-thim-et'ik, _adj._ pertaining to desire. [Gr.,--_epi_,
upon, _thymos_, the soul.]
EPITOME, e-pit'o-me, _n._ an abridgment or short summary of anything, as of
a book.--_adj._ EPITOM'ICAL, like an epitome.--_v.t._ EPIT'OMISE, to make
an epitome of: to shorten: to condense.--_ns._ EPIT'OMISER, EPIT'OMIST, one
who abridges.--IN EPITOME, on a small scale. [Gr.,--_epi_, _temnein_, to
cut.]
EPITONIC, ep-i-ton'ik, _adj._ overstrained. [Gr.,--_epi_, upon, _teinein_,
to stretch.]
EPITRITE, ep'i-tr[=i]t, _n._ (_pros._) a foot made up of three long
syllables and one short. [L.,--Gr.,--_epi_, in addition, _tritos_, the
third.]
EPIZEUXIS, ep-i-z[=u]k'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the immediate repetition of a
word for emphasis. [Gr.]
EPIZOON, ep-i-z[=o]'on, _n._ a parasitic animal that lives on the bodies of
other animals and derives its nourishment from the skin--also
EPIZ[=O]'AN:--_pl._ EPIZ[=O]'A.--_adj._ EPIZOOT'IC, pertaining to epizoa:
(_geol._) containing fossil remains: epidemic, as applied to animals. [Gr.
_epi_, upon, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]
EPOCH, ep'ok, or [=e]'-, _n._ a point of time fixed or made remarkable by
some great event from which dates are reckoned: a period remarkable for
important events: (_astron._) the mean heliocentric longitude of a planet
in its orbit at any given time.--_adjs._ EP'OCHAL;
EP'OCH-M[=A]'KING.--MAKE, MARK, AN EPOCH, to begin an important era. [Gr.
_epoch[=e]_--_epechein_, to stop--_epi_, upon, _echein_, to hold.]
EPODE, ep'[=o]d, _n._ a kind of lyric poem invented by Archilochus, in
which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one: the last part of a lyric
ode, sung after the strophe and antistrophe.--_adj._ EPOD'IC. [Gr.
_ep[=o]dos_--_epi_, on, _[=o]d[=e]_, an ode.]
EPONYM, ep'o-nim, _n._ a mythical personage created to account for the name
of a tribe or people: a special title.--_adj._ EPON'YMOUS. [Gr. _epi_,
upon, to, _onoma_, a name.]
EPOPEE, ep'o-p[=e], EPOPOEIA, ep-o-p[=e]'ya, _n._ epic poetry: an epic
poem. [Formed from Gr. _epopoiia_--_epos_, a word, an epic poem, _poiein_,
to make.]
EPOPT, ep'opt, _n._ one initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries. [Gr.
_epi_, upon, and root _op-_, to see.]
EPOS, ep'os, _n._ the elementary stage of epic poetry: an epic poem: a
series of events such as are treated in epic poetry. [L.,--Gr. _epos_, a
word.]
EPROUVETTE, ep-roov-et', _n._ a machine for testing the strength of
gunpowder. [Fr.,--_éprouver_, to try.]
EPSOM, ep'sum, _n._ a useful purgative medicine, acting as a refrigerant,
and sometimes as a diuretic.--Also EP'SOM-SALT. [From _Epsom_, a town in
Surrey.]
EPULOTIC, ep-[=u]-lot'ik, _adj._ cicatrising.--_n._ a cicatrising
medicament.
EQUABLE, [=e]'kwa-bl, or ek'wa-bl, _adj._ equal and uniform: smooth: not
variable: of even temper.--_ns._ EQUABIL'ITY, E'QUABLENESS, the state or
condition of being equable.--_adv._ E'QUABLY. [L.
_æquabilis_--_æqu[=a]re_--_æquus_, equal.]
EQUAL, [=e]'kwal, _adj._ identical: of the same value: adequate: in just
proportion: fit: equable: uniform: equitable: evenly balanced: just.--_n._
one of the same age, rank, &c.--_v.t._ to be, or to make, equal
to:--_pr.p._ [=e]'qualling; _pa.p._ [=e]'qualled.--_n._ EQUALIS[=A]'TION,
the act of making equal: state of being equalised.--_v.t._ E'QUALISE, to
make equal.--_adj._ and _n._ EQUALIT[=A]R'IAN, of or pertaining t
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