European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae
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Title: European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae
Author: George Massee
Release date: June 28, 2010 [eBook #33013]
Language: English
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA: AGARICACEAE ***
Produced by Peter Vachuska, Stephen H. Sentoff and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA
AGARICACEAE
EUROPEAN FUNGUS FLORA
AGARICACEAE
GEORGE MASSEE, F.L.S.,
PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT (CRYPTOGAMS), ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
PRESIDENT OF THE QUEKETT MICROSCOPICAL CLUB; CHAIRMAN OF THE
MYCOLOGICAL SECTION OF THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION; MEMBER OF
THE SCOTTISH CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY; MEMBER OF THE NEW ZEALAND
INSTITUTE; HON. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, WINDSOR
AND ETON SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY, HERTFORDSHIRE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
ESSEX FIELD CLUB, &c.
AUTHOR OF _A TEXT-BOOK OF PLANT DISEASES_; _BRITISH FUNGI_; _BRITISH
FUNGUS-FLORA_; _A MONOGRAPH OF THE MYXOGASTRES_; &c., &c.
[Illustration]
London
DUCKWORTH & CO.
3 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C.
1902
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
_To my friend Dr M. C. Cooke, to whom in matters Mycological I cannot
sufficiently express my indebtedness; I have much pleasure in dedicating
this attempt to introduce to British Mycologists, the Agarics of
European countries._
_GEO. MASSEE._
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Dedication iii
Preface v
Agaricaceae, definition of 1
Agaricaceae, definition of sections of 1
Leucosporae, analysis of genera 1
Abbreviations 3
Chlorosporae, analysis of genera 118
Rhodosporae, analysis of genera 118
Ochrosporae, analysis of genera 138
Melanosporae, analysis of genera 203
Addenda 241
Corrections 244
Bibliography 245
Index 248
PREFACE.
Observations extending over a period of twenty-five years, made at
Fungus Forays and kindred meetings where Mycologists assemble together,
has led to the conviction that familiarity with the Fungi and literature
pertaining thereto, of one country only, leads to a false impression as
to the significance of the term 'species.'
It conveys the idea that species are much more sharply defined than
proves to be the case, when the entire Fungus Flora of Europe is
included.
In all large genera common to European countries, the continental
species can be sandwiched between British species. Even in large genera
there are as a rule not more than eight or ten primary differentiating
specific characters present, and it is the constant correlation of two
or three of those primary characters that constitute a species, as
understood at the present day.
If two British species are characterised respectively by the marks 1, 2,
and 3, 4, then we find that two continental species belonging to the
same genus will be indicated by the characters 1, 3, and 2, 4,
respectively.
Primary specific characters should include only those features that are
constant, and not materially modified by geographical or exceptional
local conditions as to environment, etc., and such alone should
constitute a specific diagnosis. Trivial or local characteristics should
follow the essential diagnosis as a rider.
With the introduction of characters due to local conditions, a
description ceases to be a specific diagnosis in the proper sense, and
is merely a description of a certain state of a species occurring under
a given set of conditions. Such, however, is too frequently the nature
of so-called specific characters given in local Floras.
A lengthy and laboured description suggests lack of power to grip
essentials on the part of the compiler, and does not as a rule
facilitate the recognition of the species intended.
The idea of this work is to give the essential characters of each
species as presented by pileus, gills, stem and spores respectively.
This, however, owing to the views of some authors as to the predominant
value of one feature to the exclusion of others, has not always been
possible. For this reason the species of Britzelmayr are not included,
as his descriptions, even when aided by what are presumably intended as
figures, could not in many instances be construed into an intelligible
diagnosis.
In Cooke and Quelet's _Clavis Synoptica Hymenomycetum Europaeorum_
(1878), 1943 species of Agarics are recorded as European, and of these
939 are given as British. The present work includes descriptions of 2750
European species, of which 1553 are British, a number considerably in
excess of that recorded for the species of any other European country.
The species indicated by brackets have not been recorded as British.
G. M.
KEW, _June, 1902_.
AGARICACEAE, Fries.
Hymenium covering the entire surface of radiating lamellae or gills.
Spores one-celled.
Primary divisions of the Agaricaceae depend on the colour of the spores
as seen in the mass, when deposited on an opaque substance; and not as
seen under the microscope by transmitted light.
I. LEUCOSPORAE.
Spores white. In some cases with a tinge of yellow or pink. In some
species of _Russula_ the spores are clear ochre, but such species belong
obviously to _Russula_ notwithstanding.
II. CHLOROSPORAE.
Spores clear green or bluish-green.
III. RHODOSPORAE.
Spores salmon-colour or pink.
IV. OCHROSPORAE.
Spores ochraceous or rust-colour.
V. MELANOSPORAE.
Spores black, blackish-brown, or black with a purple tinge.
LEUCOSPORAE.
I. HAPLOPHYLLAE.
Margin of gills acute; i.e. not longitudinally split or grooved.
* MOLLES. More or less fleshy, soft, and soon decaying or
shrivelling (not corky, woody, or rigid).
+ _Ring, or volva, or both present, or gills free._
=Amanita=. Volva and ring present. Gills usually free, rarely adnexed or
adnate. (Volva sometimes not evident round base of stem, but loose
patches on pileus prove its presence.)
=Amanitopsis=. Volva present, ring absent; gills free.
=Lepiota=. Ring present, volva absent; gills free. (In some sp. the
ring is imperfect, and in a few the gills are slightly attached.)
=Hiatula=. Gills free; volva and ring absent.
=Armillaria=. Ring present, volva absent; gills attached.
++ _Gills adnexed or adnate; ring and volva absent._
=Tricholoma=. Gills sinuate; stem fleshy.
=Russula=. Pileus fleshy; gills very rigid, brittle.
=Mycena=. Pileus slender, campanulate, usually striate, margin straight
and adpressed to stem when young.
=Collybia=. Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane, margin incurved
when young; stem cartilaginous outside.
=Marasmius=. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often
connected by veins.
+++ _Gills decurrent._
=Lactarius=. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the
gills are adnate.)
=Hygrophorus=. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often
branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate
or even free.)
=Clitocybe=. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores;
stem fibrous outside.
=Omphalia=. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside.
=Pleurotus=. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present.
=Cantharellus=. Gills narrow, edge thick, rather waxy, forking.
=Arrhenia=. Gills reduced to very slight wrinkles or veins.
=Nyctalis=. Gills thick, edge blunt. Parasitic on fungi, or among dead
leaves, &c.
** TENACES. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent, rigid when
dry.
=Lentinus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge toothed or eroded.
=Panus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge quite entire.
=Xerotus=. Pileus coriaceous; gills forking, edge thick.
=Lenzites=. Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills radiating from
behind.
II. SCHIZOPHYLLAE.
Margin of gills split open.
=Trogia=. Gills resembling folds or wrinkles, edge grooved. (In the only
European species the edge of gills not grooved.)
=Schizophyllum=. Margin of gills split, the split portions rolling
outwards.
ABBREVIATIONS USED.
Cm. = centimetres; compr. = compressed; decur. = decurrent; depr. =
depressed; exp. = expanded; g. = gills; hygr. = hygrophanous; infundib.
= infundibuliform; mm. = millimetres; p. = pileus; s. = stem; sp. =
spores; umb. = umbonate; umbil. = umbilicate.
The measurement given of the stem is that of its average length; that of
the pileus, its average breadth when expanded. The measurement of the
spores is given in micro-millimetres, usually indicated by the Greek
letter mu.
AMANITA, Fries.
* _Margin of volva free, persistent._
+ _Pileus red or deep orange._
[=caesarea=, Scop. P. hemispherical then exp. orange or red, edge
striate, flesh yellowish; g. yellow; s. stout, yellow, ring and volva
lax; sp. 8-10 x 6. Edible.
++ _Pileus white, sometimes tinged yellow or green._
=virosa=, Fr. Entirely white. P. 8-11 cm. conical, then expanded; viscid
when moist; g. free, crowded; s. 10-12 cm. slightly thinner upwards,
squamulose, ring near apex, torn, volva large, lax; sp. subglobose,
8-10. Poisonous.
=phalloides=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, obtuse, white, tinted yellow or
greenish; g. free, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, tapering upwards, bulbous,
ring large, volva large, margin irreg. free; sp. subglobose, 7-8.
Poisonous.
=mappa=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 6-9 cm. convex then expanded, dry, white
or yellowish, usually with patches of the volva; g. adnexed, white; s.
5-8 cm. white, bulbous, ring torn, volva without a large, free margin;
sp. subglobose, 7-9. Poisonous.
Differs from _A. phalloides_ in shorter equal stem.
[=ovoidea=, Bull. White. P. silky, margin incurved, even; s. squamulose.
[=coccola=, Scop. White; margin of p. incurved, sulcate; s. villose; sp.
11-12 x 8.
[=lepiotoides=, Barla. At first entirely closed in brown volva. P. exp.
edge striate, squamulose, whitish, cuticle broken into greyish tawny
areolae or scales; g. broad, whitish, brownish when bruised; s.
yellowish-white, squamulose, ring thin, fugacious.
+++ _Pileus yellow, sometimes tinged red._
[=junquillea=, Q. P. pale orange or lemon yellow, viscid, deeply
striate; g. adnexed; s. and fugacious ring yellowish-white, base
ovoid-bulbous, volva circumscissile.
[=vernalis=, Gillet. P. exp. pale dingy yellow with tinge of red, with
scattered white scales; g. free, white, broadest in front; s. white,
squamulose below the ring, base bulbous, volva ample margin free. In
early spring.
[=lutea=, Otth. P. conical, exp. yellow or yellowish ochre, edge invol.
slightly striate, disc papillose, viscid, usually with broad scattered
scales; g. white, crowded; s. rather narrowed upwards, base bulbous,
ring thin, white, volva membranous.
++++ _Pileus brownish or grey._
[=porphyria=, A. & S. P. brownish or with a violet tinge; g. adnexed; s.
slender, ring distant brownish; sp. 8-10.
=recutita=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, dry, glabrous, fragments of
volva present as a rule, grey or brownish; g. forming lines down the
stem; s. narrowed upwards, silky, white, ring distant, white, edge of
volva not free; sp. ----.
Differs from _A. porphyria_ in ring not being tinged brown.
[=cinerea=, Bresad. Small. P. conico-campan. edge striate, livid-grey;
g. free, crowded, white, edge fimbriate; s. equal, almost glabrous,
partly hollow, colour of p., ring apical, persistent, white; volva free,
sheathing, limb lobed, whitish; sp. 10-12 x 8.
** _Volva without a free loose margin, or almost obsolete._
+ _Pileus red, reddish-brown or dingy brown._
=muscaria=, Fr. P. 12-18 cm. soon plane, striate, viscid, scarlet or
orange with white patches; gills forming lines down the stem, white; s.
10-14 cm. stout, white, ring lax, volva broken up into concentric
ridges; sp. 8 x 5. Poisonous.
var. _regalis_, Fr. Large. P. liver-colour.
var. _formosa_, Pers. P. yellow or tawny orange, scales usually absent;
s. elongated, yellowish.
var. _umbrina_, Viv. P. umber or livid, disc fuscous; s. hollow. A
slender form.
=rubescens=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. convex then expanded, dingy red-brown,
sprinkled with small pale warts, flesh brownish when broken; g. whitish,
forming lines down the stem; s. 7-10 cm. stout, narrowed upwards,
squamulose, whitish, ring large, bulbous base concentrically grooved;
sp. 8 x 6. Edible.
[=roseola=, Steinh. P. exp. rosy, with rosy mealy warts or naked, flesh
rosy; g. crowded, adnexed, white; s. cylindrical, somewhat bulbous, with
rufous squamules below ring, volva obsolete; sp. 8-9 x 5-6.
[=Eliae=, Q. P. reddish-lilac, margin sulcate; g. adnexed; s. white,
striate, volva obsolete; sp. 11 long.
=magnifica=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. soon almost plane, striate, reddish-brown
or bay, with mealy patches, flesh reddish; g. slightly decurrent; s.
10-14 cm. bulbous, nearly equal, scaly and coloured like pileus up to
the large ring; sp. 7-8 x 5.
Very close to _Armillaria_.
=megalodactyla=, Berk. Strong scented. P. 5-8 cm. soon expanded,
subgibbous, reddish-grey; g. free, becoming tinged red; s. 8-12 cm.
rather bulbous, fibrillose, white, ring large; sp. 5 x 3.
=aspera=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. soon plane, dusky olive, livid, or brownish,
with small, crowded, angular warts, flesh reddish under the cuticle; g.
free; s. 5-8 cm. white, squamulose, bulb rugulose, ring entire; sp. 8 x
6.
var. _Francheti_, Boud. P. pale yellowish-green with golden warts; sp.
10 x 8.
=excelsa=, Fr. P. 9-12 cm. soon plane, viscid, brownish-grey, warts
greyish, soon disappearing; g. free, white; s. 10-12 cm. squamose up to
the imperfect ring, and base bulbous, no free edge to volva; sp. 8-9 x
5-6. Poisonous.
=pantherina=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, viscid, striate, yellow-brown,
grey, or whitish, with flat mealy warts; g. free but close to stem,
white; s. 10-14 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky, ring distant, extreme edge
of volva free, sp. 8 x 5.
[=valida=, Fr. P. dark, with mucronate dark pointed warts; g. running
down stem in lines.
=spissa=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, umber or grey with small grey
warts, flesh persistently white; g. running in lines down stem, white;
s. 6-8 cm. white, bulbous, slightly rooting, concentrically cracked or
squamulose, ring large; sp. 9-10 x 6.
++ _Pileus clear yellow or orange._
=aureola=, Kalchb. P. 7-10 cm. soon plane, orange or golden, viscid,
naked; g. free; s. 8-12 cm. slender, white, floccosely-squamulose, ring
sup. volva marginate; sp. ----.
=citrina=, Gon. & Rab. P. convex, obtuse, 8-12 cm. bright yellow with
white patches; g. white, broad, free; s. 10-12 cm. long, stout, white,
volva imperfect, ring large; sp. globose, warted, 6-7.
[=amici=, Gill. P. conical, then obtusely umb., striate, slightly
viscid, yellowish ochre, disc brownish and covered with large irreg.
greyish persistent patches; g. free, ventricose, narrowed at both ends;
s. hollow, bulbous, ring small inf., no free edge to volva.
+++ _Pileus whitish or greyish._
=nitida=, Fr. P. 8-10 cm. hemispherical, whitish, with thick, angular,
brownish warts; g. free, crowded; s. 7-9 cm. conical, bulbous,
squamulose, white, ring torn; sp. ----.
=solitaria=, Bull. 8-12 cm. soon plane, whitish or tinged rufous, warts
angular, small, floccose, easily removed; g. white, broad, narrowed
behind and adnexed; s. 7-10 cm. with imbricated scales below, ring
torn, base swollen, rooting, volva marginate; sp. 7-12 x 5-6.
=echinocephala=, Vitt. White. P. convex then plane, shining, bristling
with acute, deciduous pyramidal warts; g. adnexed; s. solid, scaly, base
bulbous, rooting, ring distant; sp. 10 diam.
[=Persoonii=, Fr. P. greyish-white, margin even; g. free; s. solid,
nearly equal, rooting.
[=arida=, Fr. P. soon plane, grey, margin sulcate; g. adnexed; s.
subglabrous, ring distant, volva absent.
=strobiliformis=, Vitt. P. 10-20 cm. convex then expanded, white, grey,
or dingy ochre, with large pyramidal, hard warts; g. free; s. floccosely
scaly, bulbous, ring large, torn, volva forming concentric rings; sp.
13-14 x 8-9.
[=cariosa=, Fr. P. soft, even, umber or dark grey, with mealy patches;
g. adnate; s. equal throughout; sp. 10 long.
AMANITOPSIS, Roze.
* _Pileus coloured._
=vaginata=, Bull. P. 6-10 cm. plane, margin striate, grey, yellow,
brown, or white; g. pallid; s. 10-12 cm. narrowed upwards, minutely
squamulose, volva large, margin free; sp. 10 x 7-8.
The grey form is edible, the brown form is unpalatable.
=strangulata=, Fr. P. 8-10 cm. soon plane, livid-bay or grey, with
patches of the volva, margin striate; g. free, white; s. 10-14 cm.
stout, thinner upwards, pale, volva breaking up and forming 2-4
ring-like ridges on the stem; sp. 9-15 x 7.
Perhaps a vigorous form of _A. vaginata_.
[=urceolata=, Viv. P. thin, hemispher. then slightly depr. umb. viscid,
mouse-colour, edge striate; g. adnate, shining white; s. white, even,
naked, volva urceolate.
[=friabilis=, Karst. P. exp. thin, rather viscid, greyish, edge sulcate,
with broad crowded warts or scales; g. free, white, edge darker,
crenulate; s. conical, everywhere floccosely scaly, white or greyish;
volva broken up into fragments; sp. glob. 11-12.
Differs from _A. vaginata_ in smaller size and imperfect volva.
[=praetoria=, Paul. P. thin, campan. then exp. naked, pectinately
sulcate, maroon or brownish; g. annulato-adnexed; s. ventricose, volva
large, lax.
=lenticularis=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. globose, then convex, even, naked,
reddish-tan; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. 10-14 cm. subbulbous, white,
ring large; sp. ----.
[=Godeyi=, Gillet. P. pale honey-colour, naked, striate; g. free,
crowded; s. cylind., volva large, torn; sp. 15-18 long.
[=scobinella=, Trog. P. exp. fuscescent, pellicle broken up into minute,
deciduous, darker wart-like squamules, near margin even and silky; g.
white; s. conical, base white-squamulose.
[=gemmata=, Paul. Exp. vermilion with angular warts; g. pure white; s.
solid, bulbous, whitish, no distinct volva.
=adnata=, W. G. Sm. P. 6-8 cm. yellowish-buff with patches of the volva;
g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose, buff, volva almost
obsolete; sp. subglobose, 7-8.
[=insidiosa=, Letell. P. exp. even, glabrous, lurid, greenish-olive,
&c.; g. free, white; s. solid, slightly thinner upwards, edge of volva
free; sp. ----.
Differs from _A. baccata_ in even p. and free margin of volva. Fries
suggests _A. phalloides_ without the ring.
[=Bresadolae=, Sacc. Volva subglobose, not sheathing, edge stellate,
tinged brown; p. exp. glabrous, whitish, often with angular umber warts;
g. almost free, whitish; s. cylindr. whitish; sp. subg. 5-7.
Superficially resembles _Volvaria parvula_.
** _Pileus white._
[=leiocephala=, D. C. Shining white. P. convex then plane, silky, edge
even; g. free; s. solid, short, firm, volva very large, lax.
[=cygnea=, Schulz. White. P. soon plane; g. attenuato-adnexed; s.
clothed with adnate patches above the ample sheathing volva.
[=hyperborea=, Karst. (= _Ag. gemmatus_ var. _lapponicus_ Karst.).
Entirely white. P. thin, convex, exp. covered with angular warts, edge
pectinato-sulcate; g. free, shining white; s. bulbous, attenuated
upwards, ring absent; sp. glob. 10-14.
Perhaps a var. of _A. vaginatus_.
[=leccina=, Scop. P. exp. obtuse, naked, whitish or yellowish, edge
even; g. adnate; s. equal, edge of ring reddish; sp. 10 x 6.
[=baccata=, Fr. P. white, covered with globose warts; g. free; s. equal,
volva obtusely marginate; sp. 11 x 7.
[=Boudieri=, Barla. P. globose then exp. or depr., satiny, white, disc
tinged, warted, edge even; g. broad, white then tinged yellow,
subadnexed; s. long, subcylindrical, white and scurfy at apex, rest
yellowish-white, bulb turbinate, volva obliterated, brownish, ring thin,
caducous; sp. ellipsoid, elongated.
Differs from _A. baccata_ in longer sp.
LEPIOTA, Fr.
A. _Epidermis dry._
* _Ring free, distinct from the volva._
=procera=, Scop. P. soon expanded, umbonate, with brownish scales, 10-25
cm.; g. free, crowded; s. 12-20 cm., base thickened, brownish,
transversely cracked, ring free; sp. 12-15 x 8-9. Edible.
=rachodes=, Vitt. P. 10-18 cm. soon expanded, not umbonate, with brown
scales, flesh brownish when broken; gills free; s. white, not cracked,
12-15 cm., ring free; sp. 14 x 8. Edible.
Differs from _L. procera_ in the flesh turning brown when cut.
var. _puellaris_, Fr. Small, entirely white, stem flocculose.
[=Olivieri=, Barla. P. convex, then exp. or depr., whitish tinged fawn
at disc, covered with fawn adpr. fibrillose scales; g. broad, free
yellowish-white; s. whitish, base swollen, ring cottony, caducous; flesh
white, brick-red then brownish when broken.
Allied to _L. rachodes_ with which it agrees in size.
=prominens=, Viv. P. 4-6 cm., umbo very strong, ochraceous, scaly; g.
white; s. 9-15 cm. slender, base swollen, ring free; sp. 10 x 8.
=permixta=, Barla. P. convex, more or less umb. campan. then exp. silky,
greyish fawn, centre darker, with adpr. brown scales and becoming
deprived of cuticle at edge; g. pale wax or tinged red; s. cylindr.
dingy white cracked into brown adpr. scales, base swollen, ring
brownish; flesh reddish when broken.
Resembles _L. procera_ in size and marking of s.; _L. rachodes_ in flesh
becoming red; and _L. excoriata_ in having border deprived of cuticle.
[=molybdites=, Mey. P. globose then campan. broken into crustaceous
scales up to middle; g. remote, white then tinged blue; s. hollow,
blackish-brown, bulbous, ring equal.
An introduced species.
=excoriata=, Schaeff. P. globose then plane, 5-8 cm. bistre or whitish,
silky or squamulose; g. free; s. cylindrical, white, 5-8 cm. hollow,
ring free; sp. 14-15 x 8-9.
_L. naucina_ differs in the fragmentary ring.
[=carneifolia=, Gill. P. fleshy, exp. brown or purple brown, glabrous
then minutely broken up into fascicles of fibrils; g. fleshy, crowded,
distant from s.; s. white, fibrillose, thickened at base, ring large,
soon free.
=densifolia=, Gill. P. obtuse, white, soon broken up into adpressed
fibrillose scales; g. closely crowded, thin, white, broadest in front;
s. white, shining, ring free.
=gracilenta=, Kromb. P. soon expanded, obtusely umbonate, 5-8 cm., brown
patches on white ground; g. free, broad; s. thickened at base, 12-16
cm., white, ring floccose, disappearing; sp. 10-11 x 7.5.
Differs from _L. procera_ in smaller size and more especially in the
fugacious ring. _L. prominens_ differs in very large umbo and permanent,
free ring.
=mastoidea=, Fr. Entirely whitish. P. 3-5 cm. with small disappearing
warts; g. free; s. narrow up from bulbous base, 5-8 cm., ring free; sp.
7-8 x 5.
The smallest species of the present section. Like _L. gracilenta_ in
miniature.
** _Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil clothing the
stem._
=Friesii=, Lasch. P. 8-12 cm. expanded, subumb. with adpressed,
tomentose brown scales; g. free, crowded; s. 8-12 cm. subbulbous, scaly,
brownish, ring pendulous; sp. 8-9 x 5.
=acutesquamosa=, Weinm. P. 9-12 cm. convex, obtuse, pale rusty with
numerous small pointed warts; g. free, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. narrowed
from swollen base, white with rusty scales below, ring large; sp. 7-8 x
4.
Differs from _L. Friesii_ in rigid deciduous warts, and broad gills very
close to stem.
=Badhami=, Berk. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, obtuse, squamulose, dark brown,
cracked into patches, flesh like that of stem saffron-red when broken;
g. free; s. 6-8 cm. bulbous, whitish, ring rather loose; sp. 5 x 3.
=emplastra=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. convex, glabrous, dark brown,
cracked and showing white ground; g. free; s. 7-9 cm. whitish, ring
brown outside; sp. 18-20 x 10-12.
Differs from _L. Badhami_ in glabrous pileus and larger spores.
=meleagris=, Sow. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, minute black scales on a pale
ground, flesh becoming red; g. free; s. 3-6 cm., with blackish
squamules, stuffed, ring obsolete; sp. 6-7 x 4.
=biornata=, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. convex, white tinged yellow, sprinkled
with red scales; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. long, ventricose, white spotted red
as is also the ring; sp. 8-9 x 6.
=hispida=, Lasch. P. 5-7 cm. soon expanded, umb. tawny-brown, tomentose
then hispid; g. free, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. floccosely-scaly up to ring,
tawny; sp. 6-7 x 4.
[=lignicola=, Karst. P. exp. whitish- or yellowish-rusty, with innate,
erect, rusty concentric scales, edge fibrillose; g. crowded, free, edge
crenulate; s. curved, rusty, squamulose up to obsolete ring; sp. 4-5 x
3-4.
Superficially resembles _Phol. squarrosa_.
[=helveola=, Bres. P. exp. umb. scaly, reddish-brown; g. free,
ventricose, white; s. white then fawn, ring white. Poisonous.
[=Boudieri=, Bres. Subcaespitose. P. campan. exp. fawn, with minute
darker scales; g. densely crowded, white, edge purple primrose; s.
bulbillose, brownish and fibrillose up to ring; sp. 8-9 x 3.5.
[=ignicolor=, Bres. P. conico-campan. subexp. umb. squamulose or
fibrillose then almost glabrous, dry, fiery tawny; g. yellowish, edge
tawny; s. colour of p., base somewhat rooting with bright tawny fibrils;
ring evanescent; sp. 8-10 x 4.5-5.
[=castanea=, Q. P. umb. squamulose, brown; s. and ring white with tawny
flecks.
[=echinella=, Q. and Bern. Smell like radishes. P. camp. then convex and
umb. bay, bristling with brown pyramidal hairs; g. free, pallid, tinged
red; s. rosy, blackish scales below silky ring, pale above.
Much more slender than _L. hispida_.
[=Morieri=, Gill. P. exp. umb. white, shining, covered with reddish
scales, umbo smooth, edge appendiculate; g. white, edge denticulate; s.
fibrillose, white, shining, ring ample.
=clypeolaria=, Bull. 5-8 cm. campan., at first incrusted, umb. tawny,
remainder with brownish scales; g. free; s. 6-8 cm., fibrillosely
squamulose up to ring, striate above; sp. 6 x 4.
Differs from _L. hispida_ in pileus not being tomentose, and paler
colour. From _L. cristata_ by squamulose stem.
[=brunneoincarnata=, Chod. and Mart. P. subglobose then campan.-conic
and umb. with scattered rufescent scales; g. free, white; s. fistulose,
equal, colour of p.
[=Forquignoni=, Q. P. white, silky, umbo olive; g. becoming rosy; s.
white.
=felina=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. camp. expanded, umbo black, rest with
concentric black scales on a white ground; g. free; s. 3-5 cm., white,
sometimes with black specks; sp. 10 x 5.
=metulaespora=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. campan. then expanded, margin
coarsely striate, whitish-yellow with pale squamules; g. almost free; s.
4-6 cm., pale lemon yellow inside and out; sp. fusiform, 15-16 x 6.
=cristata=, A. and S. P. 2-4 cm. soon expanded, reddish-brown cuticle at
first continuous, then broken up into concentric scales on a whitish
ground; g. free; s. 4-6 cm., whitish, fibrillose; sp. 7 x 4.
Differs from _L. clypeolaria_ in stem not being squamulose.
[=lilacea=, Bres. P. convex-campan. exp. depr. sometimes umb.
purple-lilac then pale and broken up into fuscous squamules; g. free,
white; s. fibrillosely scurfy, then almost glabrous, whitish then
pinkish lilac, ring inf. persistent blackish violet underneath; sp. 4-5
x 2-2.5.
Differs from _Lepiota cristata_ in absence of smell, a feature which
also separates it from _L. Bucknallii_.
=nigro-marginata=, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, buff with small,
brown, concentric scales; g. narrow, pallid; s. 5-6 cm. slender, smooth,
buff, peronate up to distant ring; sp. 6-7 x 4.
[=Magnusiana=, P. Henn. P. cylindrico-campan. then exp. papillately
scaly, white, centre yellowish with age, edge striate; g. free, crowded,
lanceolate, white then reddish; s. equal, white then reddish, ring
membranaceo-flocculose; sp. 7-11 x 6-8.
=erminea=, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm., camp. then expanded, even, glabrous,
then silky towards margin; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. fibrillose; sp. 11-12 x
4-5.
=micropholis=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm., soon plane, white with minute
radiating blackish squamules; g. free; s. 2-2.5 cm., white, ring
spreading; sp. 5 x 3.
=citriophylla=, B. and Br. P. 1.5-2 cm. expanded, umb. lemon yellow
with rufous squamules; g. free, lemon yellow; s. 2-4 cm. squamulose,
yellow; sp. 7-8 x 4.
Differs from _L. amianthina_ by free gills and white flesh; and from _L.
metulaespora_ in squamulose stem.
=atro-crocea=, W. G. Sm. P. 2.3 cm. soon plane, margin often lobed, deep
orange, covered with purple-brown fibrils; g. slightly attached, tinged
yellow; s. 2-3 cm. orange; sp. ----.
*** _Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent; universal veil adnate to
the pileus._
=Vittadinii=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. expanded, obtuse, whitish, densely covered
with small erect warts; g. free, with a greenish tinge; s. 5-8 cm. with
concentric scales up to large ring, whitish or scales tipped red; sp.
----.
Differs from _L. nympharum_ in solid stem and superior ring.
[=strobiliformis=, Gill. P. convex, edge irreg. covered with strong
brown, angular and pyramidal warts; g. closely crowded, narrow; s.
cylindrical, stout, whitish, ring membranous.
[=furnacea=, Let. P. white with a black cortex splitting radially; s.
white with concentric black scales.
=nympharum=, Kalchb. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, umb. often tinged brown,
rest white with overlapping scales; g. free; s. white, hollow, glabrous;
sp. globose.
[=colubrina=, Kromb. P. convex, obtuse, tinged fuscous, covered with
tomentose imbricated scales; g. white; s. solid, very long, ring
distant.
=holosericea=, Fr. Very soft. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, obtuse, floccose,
whitish or tinge of tan; g. free; s. 5-9 cm. bulbous, whitish, silky,
ring large; sp. 7-8 x 5.
=naucina=, Fr. White. P. 5-10 cm. globose then plane, subumb. glabrous
then breaking up into granules; g. free; s. 4-5 cm. tapering to
thickened base, fibrillose, ring sup. thin, disappearing; sp. subg. 6-7.
Differs from _L. excoriatia_ in the ephemeral ring.
=leucothites=, Vitt. P. 5-10 cm. subumbonate, white, disc tinged brown,
silky then squamulose; g. white then pink; s. 7-12 cm. white, smooth,
bulbous, ring large, persistent; sp. hyaline, 9 x 7.
[=rorulenta=, Paniz. Tufted. P. whitish, campan. umb. sulcate, softly
granulato-squamulose; g. closely crowded, tinged rosy; s. slender,
elongated, base thickened.
=cepaestipes=, Sow. Yellow. P. 2-5 cm. expanded, umb., scaly, margin
plicate; g. free; s. swollen below, 7-12 cm. floccose; sp. 7-8 x 4.
There is a white form.
[=medioflava=, Boud. P. exp. striate, snow-white, very minutely silky
tomentose, centre depr. but the prominent umbo yellowish; g. free,
white; s. fistulose, white, minutely scurfy above median reflexed ring,
thickened base often yellowish; sp. 5-6 x 3.
=licmophora=, B. and Br. Pale yellow. P. 2-3 cm. glabrous, coarsely
grooved; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. thicker below, smooth; sp. 9-10 x 5.
Differs from _L. cepaestipes_ in glabrous pileus.
[=Brebissoni=, Godey. P. exp. subumb. very thin, striate to middle,
brownish, paler towards edge, with brown scales at centre and paler ones
at margin; g. distant, edge toothed; s. swollen below, silvery white,
pruinose above the ring.
Resembles some sp. of _Coprinus_ in transparency and fragility.
[=Schulzeri=, Kalchbr. White. P. convex then exp. umb. even, glabrous;
g. free, remote, narrowed behind; s. hollow, narrowed from a subbulbous
base, naked, ring median, small.
[=straminella=, Bagl. Entirely straw-colour. P. obtuse, sulcate, with
glutinous mealy flecks; g. attached to ring behind, s. floccose,
bulbous.
**** _Pileus granular or warted. Universal veil of pileus and stem
at first continuous, on rupturing forming an inferior ring._
=cinnabarina=, A. and S. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, more or less gibbous,
scurfy, persistently brick-red; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. with red scales up
to imperfect ring; sp. 6-7 x 5.
var. _Terreyi_, B. and Br. P. subglobose, bright tawny red, rough with
warts.
Differs from _L. granulosa_ by larger size and persistently red pileus.
=carcharias=, Pers. Smell strong. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, subumb. pale
flesh colour or yellowish-pink, granular; g. adnexed, white; s. 3-4 cm.
granular and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----.
var. _Terrei_, B. and Br. P. orange-red, convex; s. nearly equal; g.
broad, ventricose.
[=tuberculata=, Brig. P. globoso-exp. cuticle thick, breaking into
tubercles, pale tan; g. white; s. subbulbous, fibrillose.
[=venusta=, Bagl. P. convex, edge very thin, crenulate, sulcate, cuticle
tawny cracking in the centre; g. adnexed by a tooth; s. solid, thickened
upwards, peronate half way up.
[=Pauletii=, Fr. P. exp. bristling with spines, brownish; g. crowded; s.
short, white.
=granulosa=, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, obtusely umb. scurfy or
granular, rusty or brownish-orange, pale and hoary when dry; s. 3-5 cm.
floccosely scaly and coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----.
Pileus often wrinkled, sometimes pale.
var. _rufescens_, B. and Br. Entirely white, becoming rufous when dry.
_L. amianthina_ differs in adnate gills and yellow flesh of stem.
Differs from _L. carcharia_ in absence of unpleasant smell.
=amianthina=, Scop. P. 2-2.5 cm. soon plane and subumb. granular,
ochraceous, flesh yellow; g. adnate, yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. squamulose up
to ring, flesh yellow; sp. ----.
var. _Broadwoodiae_, B. and Br. P. yellow; g. white.
=polysticta=, Berk. P. 2-3 cm. soon expanded, reddish or yellow-brown
broken up into minute scales; g. free, yellowish; s. 2-4 cm. scaly and
coloured like pileus up to ring; sp. ----.
***** _Cuticle of pileus dry, entire, not granular nor scaly;
small, slender._
=parvannulata=, Lasch. P. 1-1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. silky, white or
tinged yellow; g. free, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. white, fibrillose up to
distant small spreading ring; sp. 4 x 2.5.
_L. erminea_ differs in superior, torn ring, glabrous pileus, and
radishy smell.
=sistrata=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. expanded, whitish, disc often tinged yellow
or reddish, pruinose with glistening particles; g. nearly free, crowded;
s. 3-5 cm. white, silky, ring fibrillose; sp. ----.
_L. seminuda_ differs in mealy stem, and _L. mesomorpha_ in glabrous
pileus and stem, and entire ring.
=seminuda=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. expanded, umbonate, whitish or tinged
fleshcolour, mealy then naked; g. reaching the stem; s. 3-4 cm. whitish,
mealy, ring small, superior; sp. 5 x 3.
_L. sistrata_ differs in fibrillose stem and pileus covered with
glistening particles.
=Bucknallii=, B. and Br. P. 1-2 cm. convex, white with violet powder; g.
reaching stem; s. 3-5 cm. white with violet powder; sp. 7 x 3.
Smell strong, like gas-tar.
=ianthina=, Cke. P. 2 cm. expanded, umb. whitish, disc violet,
fibrillose; g. free; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, white, ring distant, disappearing;
sp. ----.
=mesomorpha=, Bull. P. about 1.5 cm. expanded, subumb. pale brown or
yellowish, even, glabrous; g. free; s. 3-4 cm. pale, glabrous, ring
superior; sp. ----.
[=denudata=, Rab. P. campan.-exp. pale sulphur, very thin, floccosely
scurfy then naked; g. ventricose; s. subequal, with a minute very
fugacious ring.
[=serena=, Fr. White. P. campan. glabrous; s. slender, subbulbous, ring
thin, deciduous.
=martialis=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3. cm. soon plane, deep rose; g. free;
s. 3-4 cm. pink up to broad ring; sp. 8 x 4.
B. _Cuticle of pileus viscid, not broken up._
[=demisannulata=, Secr. P. thin, umb. even; g. free, crowded, white; s.
nearly equal, with black fibrils, ring pendulous.
=medullata=, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. soon expanded, glabrous, viscid, veil
in fragments at margin; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, obsoletely squamulose
below, ring torn; sp. ----.
Differs from _L. illinita_ in dry stem.
=glioderma=, Fr. P. 2.5-5 cm. campan. then convex, even, viscid
reddish-bay; g. free; s. 5-8 cm. dry, whitish, densely squamulose up to
torn ring; sp. ----.
=delicata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, even, viscid, granular,
rufescent or yellowish; g. free; s. 2-3 cm.; s. dry, whitish floccosely
squamulose up to ring; sp. ----.
Differs from _L. glioderma_ in p. not being campanulate, and stem
floccose, not squamose.
=illinita=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. white or tinged tan, subumb. glabrous,
viscid; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. white, glutinous, ring obsolete; sp. ----.
Distinct from all species by glutinous stem.
[=pingua=, Fr. P. white or greyish, viscid, as is also the ring; s.
short, dry.
[=inoculata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, honey colour, even, viscid; g.
crowded, broad; s. abruptly vaginate by the veil.
=Georginae=, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. mealy, viscid, changing to
crimson when touched, as do also the gills and stem.
[HIATULA, Fr.
[=Wynniae=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. membranaceous, splitting along back of
gills, pale; g. rather distant, white; st. 2-3 cm. hollow.
Introduced from Queensland. Phosphorescent.
ARMILLARIA, Fr.
* _Gills sinuate, adnexed._
=bulbigera=, A. and S. P. 7-10 cm. brownish, dry, fibrillose near
margin; g. emarginate; s. marginately bulbous, pale, ring soon
disappearing; sp. 7-10 x 5.
[=phoenicea=, Weinm. P. exp. glabrous, viscid, red; g. free, shining
white; s. bulbous, with red fibrils, ring fugacious.
=focalis=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. reddish-tawny, silky, obtuse; g. almost free;
s. 7-9 cm. equal, fibrillose, ring median; sp. ----.
var. _goliath_, Fr. Larger than type, s. rooting, ring almost obsolete.
=robusta=, A. and S. P. 6-8 cm. dry, rufous-bay, flesh thick; g. nearly
free; s. 3-5 cm. stout, base narrowed, brownish floccose up to ring,
white above; sp. ----.
Differs from _A. aurantia_ in deeply emarginate, broad, whitish gills.
[=squamea=, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. convex then exp. reddish
cinnamon, covered with brown-red scales; edge incurved; g. broad,
subdecur. whitish tinged red; s. subventricose with a long tapering
base, reddish-brown and scaly up to torn ring, white above; flesh-white,
saffron when broken.
Allied to _Armill. robusta_ but larger.
[=Caussetta=, Barla. Smell like cucumber. P. exp. depr. dry, silky,
squamulose at centre, rather viscid when moist, brick-red, edge incurved
then spreading; g. broad, pale or tinged red; s. stout, narrowed at
base, fibrillose and reddish up to ring, white above; flesh white,
reddish when broken.
[=caligata=, Viv. Smell strong. P. exp. tawny, spotted with adpressed
silky scales; g. emarginate; s. solid, with brownish concentric scales
below the membranous persistent ring.
[=megalopoda=, Bres. Smell strong. P. convex, exp. or depr. even,
glabrous, rather viscid, chestnut; g. crowded, whitish then
straw-colour; s. brownish-squamulose up to median ring, white above; sp.
glob. 5-6.
[=luteovirens=, A. and S. All except white squamulose stem straw-colour;
p. torn into squamules, greenish when mature; ring imperfect.
=aurantia=, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. rusty orange; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm.
stout, orange and concentrically squamose up to ring, white above; sp.
----.
[=dehiscens=, Viv. P. hemispher. then depr. yellowish ochre; g.
adnexo-decur., broad; s. cylindric, scaly, viscid, ring very narrow,
persistent.
=ramentacea=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm., obtuse, whitish or yellowish with darker
squamules; g. adnexed becoming free; s. 3-5 cm. with brown squamules up
to the oblique fugitive ring; sp. ----.
[=Ambrosii=, Bres. P. convex, exp. dry, soft, floccosely-downy,
snow-white, edge append.; g. white; s. even above ring, floccose below,
white; ring inferior, torn, deciduous, sp. 4-5 x 2.5.
[=cingulata=, Fr. P. thin umb. greyish brown, squamosely fibrillose; g.
greyish white; s. even, ring median.
[=scruposa=, Paulet. P. exp. glabrous, rough with contorted ridges,
subfuscous; g. sinuato-adnate; s. solid, equal, rooting, ring firm,
narrow.
[=albosericea=, Brig. White. P. exp. broadly umb., even; g. crowded; s.
silky, base tuberous, ring remote, fugacious.
=constricta=, Fr. All white. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dry, glabrous, silky; g.
emarginate, adnexed, or almost free; s. 3-6 cm. solid, fibrillose or
squamulose, ring apical, narrow; sp.
Much stouter than _A. subcava_.
[=verrucipes=, Fr. Pure white. P. glabrous; s. with brown warts up to
annular zone, ring absent; g. sinuato-adnate.
** _Gills narrowed behind, more or less decurrent, with no sinus._
[=imperialis=, Fr. P. brown with darker scales; g. deeply decurrent;
ring double, sp. 12-14 x 5.
[=Laschii=, Fr. P. fawn colour, even, glabrous, thin ring erect; g.
crowded, white.
[=tumescens=, Viv. P. exp. even, glabrous, whitish; g. adnate, pale
ochre, then tinged red; s. solid, stout, narrowed from the base,
whitish, ring fugacious.
[=rhadigosa=, Fr. P. depr. moist, whitish with brownish adpressed scales
at disc; g. decur., broad, white; s. short, equal, ring reflexed.
=mellea=, Vahl. P. 5-12 cm. soon expanded, yellowish-brown, squamulose,
margin striate; g. slightly decurrent; s. 8-12 cm. floccose up to
spreading ring, base honey-colour; sp. 9 x 5-6.
Mycelium forming long black strands. A destructive parasite.
=denigrata=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. obtuse, dark brown, rather viscid, spotted
with droplike depressions, and with elevated warts, margin even; g.
rather decurrent; s. 4-5 cm. solid tinged brown, ring disappearing; sp.
----.
[=morio=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. irreg. cracked, viscid, greyish brown then
rufescent; g. adnate; s. solid, fibrous, ring narrow.
[=Viviani=, Fr. P. convex, glabrous, dark bay then whitish; g. adnate,
pale fawn; s. elongated, white, ring narrow.
[=griseofusca=, D. C. P. convex, even, glabrous, brownish grey, discoid;
g. decur.; s. equal, glabrous, ring persistent.
[=pleurotoides=, Fr. P. subexcentric, ring toothed; s. whitish with a
flesh-coloured tint.
=citri=, Inz. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, subumb., even, yellow; g. adnate;
s. 5-7 cm., slender, ring spreading; sp. subgl. 5 x 4.
=subcava=, Schum. P. 3-4 cm. white, umbo brownish, striate to middle; g.
decurrent; s. equal, hollow upwards, 4-5 cm., even up to torn ring,
punctate above, white; sp. ----.
Differs from _A. constricta_ by longer thinner stem, and striate pileus.
=haematites=, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, liver-coloured; g.
adnato-decurrent; s. 3-5 cm. coloured like pileus up to ring, whitish
above; sp. 8 x 5.
*** _Gills adnate without a sinus._
[=laqueata=, Fr. White. P. 3-4 cm. hemispherical, obtuse, viscid when
moist, smooth; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. solid, squamulose or fibrillose
below the ring, base tinged brown; sp. ----.
=mucida=, Schrad. P. 4-8 cm. soon expanded, white or grey, rugulose,
glutinous; g. striately decurrent; s. 5-12 cm. base thickened, ring
apical, striate, tumid; sp. 15-16 x 8-9.
=Jasonis=, Cke. and Mass. P. 3-5 cm., camp. then expanded, umb., yellow,
disc tawny, papillate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. coloured like pileus,
squamulose up to torn ring; sp. 8 x 5.
[=fracida=, Fr. Smell rancid. P. convex, obtuse, even, spotted,
brownish-olive; g. becoming free, white; s. base narrowed, squamulose,
smooth above the spreading torn ring.
[=pinetorum=, Gill. P. exp. umb. granular, pale or yellowish white,
covered with reddish squamules; g. sinuato-decur., pallid; s. colour of
p., squamulose up to spreading ring which is also squamulose outside.
TRICHOLOMA, Fr.
A. _Pileus viscid, scaly, or villose._
I. LIMACINA. _Pileus viscid when moist, innately fibrillose or
squamulose, but not broken up._
* _Gills not changing colour, not becoming rufescent._
=equestre=, Linn. P. 7-12 cm. exp. obtuse, viscid, squamulose, yellow or
tinged green; g. sulphur yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow; sp. 7-8 x 5.
=coryphaeum=, Fr. P. 8-15 cm. soon exp. viscid, yellowish with darker
squamules; g. white, edge yellow; s. solid, obclavate; sp. subglobose,
5-6.
_T. equestre_ differs in having gills entirely yellow, and _T.
sejunctum_ in its pure white gills.
=sejunctum=, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, yellow with brown streaks,
viscid; g. pure white; s. 8-12 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. subgl.
5-6.
=portentosum=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. viscid, sooty often with purple tinge,
viscid, streaked with dark lines; g. white, very broad; s. 7-8 cm.
whitish, glabrous; sp. subgl. 4-5 x 4.
=fucatum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. soon plane, viscid, dingy yellow with darker
stains; g. white or tinged yellow; s. 5-7 cm. fibro-squamulose, whitish;
sp. ----.
=quinquepartitum=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, even, glabrous, pale
yellowish; g. broad, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, striate, glabrous; sp.
5-6 x 3-4.
Differs from _T. portentosum_ in p. not being virgate, and from _T.
fucatum_ in glabrous striate stem.
=resplendens=, Fr. White. P. 5-9 cm. expanded, viscid, even, glabrous,
shining when dry, margin straight; g. very emarginate; s. 5-7 cm.,
solid, apex flocculose; sp. 7-8 x 4.
Differs from _T. spermaticum_ in solid stem.
=spermaticum=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, viscid, wavy, glabrous,
shining when dry, margin at first incurved; g. margin eroded; s. 5-9 cm.
twisted; sp. ----.
** _Gills becoming discoloured, usually spotted with brownish-red._
=colossus=, Fr. P. 12-20 cm. expanded, margin at first incurved, dull
red or reddish umber, glabrous then squamulose, flesh very thick,
reddish when broken; g. broad, reddish; s. 7-10 cm. stout, apex
constricted, solid, reddish; sp. 6 x 4.
[=aurata=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, yellow then rufescent; g. yellow;
s. solid, fibrillose, yellow.
=nictitans=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid,
yellowish; g. yellow; s. 7-8 cm. solid, yellow, apex squamulose; sp. 7-8
x 5.
Differs from _T. flavobrunneum_ in squamulose apex of stem.
=fulvellum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. viscid, even, yellowish tan disc darker
and wrinkled; g. white then tinged rufescent; s. 4-6 cm. fibrillose,
apex naked, white tinged rufous; sp. subgl. 4-5.
=flavobrunneum=, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. soon exp. viscid, bay,
virgate-squamulose, flesh yellow then tinged rufous; g. pale yellow; s.
7-12 cm. ventricose, hollow, brownish, flesh yellow, viscid at first;
sp. 6-7 x 4-5.
=albobrunneum=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. obtuse, viscid, brown, streaked with
fibrils, disc papillose; g. broad, whitish; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rufescent,
solid, flesh white; sp. 4-6 x 3-5.
=irregulare=, Karst. P. convex then exp. very irreg. rather viscid,
fibrillosely virgate, pale, tinged tawny rufous; g. white then reddish
or spotted; s. equal, curved, white, apex flocculose. Smell strong.
Differs from _T. albobrunneum_ in paler, irreg. p. and smell.
[=Salero=, Barla. Smell strong, mealy. P. exp. obtuse, even, viscid when
moist, satiny when dry, chestnut; g. white then reddish; s. cylindrical,
white and squamulose at apex, fibrillose and reddish at middle; flesh
white, reddish when broken, very bitter.
=ustale=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. then nearly plane, even, glabrous,
disc rugulose bay; g. white tinged brown later, decur. tooth; s. 5-8 cm.
equal, somewhat rooting, apex naked, whitish; sp. 7-8 x 5.
=pessundatum=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. obtuse, wavy, glabrous, viscid, bay or
rufescent, granular or spotted; g. almost free, white then tinged
rufous; s. 5-8 cm. white, floccosely squamulose; sp. 5 x 2.5.
=stans=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. exp. viscid, rufescent, even, flesh red under
cuticle; g. crowded, spotted reddish; s. 5-8 cm. whitish, squamulose;
sp. 5-6 x 4.
=russula=, Schaeff. P. 6-8 cm. exp. viscid, rosy red, granulated; g.
subdecurrent; s. 3-5 cm. rosy, apex squamulose; sp. 10 x 5.
=frumentaceum=, Bull. P. 5-10 cm. exp. viscid, glabrous, pallid,
streaked or stained reddish; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm. solid, fibrillose,
white, variegated red; sp. 5 x 3.5.
II. GENUINA. _Pellicle not viscid, torn into scales, or
fibrillose._
* _Gills not changing colour, neither spotted with rufous nor
black._
=rutilans=, Schaeff. P. 6-14 cm. exp. coated with purplish down, flesh
yellow; g. yellow, edge downy, orange; s. 5-8 cm. yellow with purple
squamules; sp. subgl. 5-6.
=variegatum=, Scop. P. 5-10 cm. exp. yellow with purplish squamules; g.
pale yellow, edge entire not darker coloured; s. 5-8 cm. pale yellow,
more or less variegated with red; sp. 5-7 x 4-5.
Differs from _T. rutilans_ in edge of gills.
[=albofimbriatum=, Trog. P. exp. obtusely umb. fibrillose, scaly towards
edge, brownish; g. sinuate, closely crowded, yellow then rufescent, edge
white-fimbriate; s. yellow-rufescent.
[=aestuans=, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. with fugacious longitudinal
fibrils, yellow-rufescent; g. very broad, yellow then pallid; s. equal,
glabrous, striate.
=centurio=, Kalchb. P. campan. strongly umb. edge incurved then
spreading and wavy, fuscous then livid; g. deeply emarginate, almost
free, pallid; s. ventricose, stout, white.
=luridum=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. rather wavy, dry, glabrous, then torn
into livid squamules, yellowish-grey; g. broad, crowded; s. 5-8 cm.
glabrous, white; sp. 5-6 x 3-4.
Differs from _T. saponaceum_ in persistently white flesh.
=guttatum=, Schaeff. P. 5-12 cm. exp. cinnamon or with a pink tinge,
dry, granulose or floccose, margin remotely sulcate; g. with decurrent
line down stem, crowded; s. 5-8 cm., white, mealy; sp. ----.
Differs from _T. tigrinum_ in white gills and sulcate margin of pileus.
[=goniospermum=, Bres. P. fleshy, compact, hemispher. tinged fuscous or
livid yellowish; g. much crowded, smoky-grey or lilac then yellowish; s.
solid, whitish or lilac above, base brownish; sp. more or less cruciform
rarely subtriangular, 8-10 x 5-7.
[=psammopodium=, Kalchb. P. obtuse or subumb. dry, with scattered
fibrillose squamules, dusky cinnamon then tawny; g. yellowish; s.
ventricose, colour of p. with darker squamules downwards.
[=impolitum=, Lasch. P. exp. flocculose, then broken into scales and
subdepr.; g. crowded; s. solid, fibrillose, floccosely scaly above.
=columbetta=, Fr. White, here and there spotted with red. P. 5-10 cm.
dry, glabrous then fibrillose; g. subserrulate; s. 6-10 cm. stout,
solid, striate; sp. 6-7 x 4-5.
=scalpturatum=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. conical then exp. dingy, tomentose then
broken up into rufous or umber scales; g. white then yellowish; s. 5-9
cm. whitish, fibrillose; sp. 6-7 x 3.5.
var. _argyraceum_, Bull. Slender; p. silvery grey.
var. _chrysites_, Jungh. Pale, p. and g. becoming yellowish.
var. _virescens_, Wharton. Yellow-green when bruised.
These are forms rather than varieties.
** _Gills rufous or greyish; edge usually spotted with rufous or
black._
=imbricatum=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, rufous umber, innately
squamulose, margin involute and downy at first; g. sinuate, crowded; s.
8-12 cm. solid, paler than p. apex white-pulverulent; sp. 6 x 4.
=vaccinum=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umb. dry, rufous, squamulose, margin at
first involute and downy; g. almost adnate; s. 7-10 cm. hollow,
fibrillose, brownish; sp. subg. 6-7.
Differs from _T. imbricatum_ in hollow stem and reddish flesh.
[=polyphyllum=, D. C. P. obtuse, irreg. with adpressed fibrillose
scales; rufous umber; g. white then tinged red; s. solid, white,
squamulose, apex striate.
=immundum=, Berk. P. 5-9 cm. greyish, silky-squamulose, stained, margin
incurved; g. greyish pink, separating readily from flesh; s. 4-6 cm.
greyish, fibrillose; sp. subg. 4-5. Every part blackish when bruised.
=inodermeum=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. acute then umb. rufous brown, fibrillose
and with radiating scales; g. free, ventricose, white, spotted red when
bruised; s. 7-8 cm. fibrous, white with rufous tinge, apex powdered
white; s. 7-8 x 4.
[=furvum=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. wavy, dry, brownish, fibrillosely
striate; g. entire, white then greyish; s. solid, fibrillose.
[=unguentatum=, Fr. P. exp. umb. grey, viscid, floccosely-squamulose; g.
very broad, crowded, whitish; s. white, solid, fibrillose.
[=gausapatum=, Fr. P. bullate, obtuse, wavy, covered with dense
superficial fibrils, edge at first incurved and with white wool; g.
adnate, grey; s. solid, white, fibrillose.
=terreum=, Schaeff. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umb. bluish grey with minute
squamules; g. greyish, sinuate; s. whitish, fibrillose; sp. subgl. 5-6.
var. _orirubens_, Q. Edge of g. reddish.
var. _atrosquamosum_, Chev. P. grey with small black scales, g. whitish.
var. _argyraceum_, Bull. Entirely pure white, or p. greyish.
var. _chrysites_, Jungh. P. tinged yellowish or greenish.
[=squarrulosum=, Bres. P. convex then exp. umb. dry, fuscous then lurid
tan, centre black, with black squamules, edge fibrillose, exceeding
gills; g. broad, crowded, whitish grey, reddish when bruised; s. colour
of p. punctato-squamulose; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.
[=triste=, Fr. P. conic then exp. umb. fuscous, fibrillosely scaly; g.
white then greyish; s. fistulose, slender, floccose.
III. RIGIDA. _Pellicle rigid, punctato-granulate, or broken up into
glabrous fragments when dry._
* _Gills white or pallid, not rufous or grey spotted._
=macrorhizum=, Lasch. Smell strong. P. 10-20 cm. exp. ochraceous, darker
and cracked when old; g. almost free; s. 5-10 cm. stout, ochraceous,
rooting, solid, ventricose; sp. subgl. 5-6.
[=compactum=, Fr. P. soon plane, even, dry, glabrous, livid grey,
compact; g. yellow; s. solid, white.
=saponaceum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. obtuse, dry, livid, tinged
olive, glabrous then often squamulose or punctate, flesh reddish; g.
pallid with greenish tinge; s. 5-10 cm. whitish, somewhat rooting; sp. 5
x 4.
var. _atrovirens_, P. thin, wavy, obscure green with crowded black
squamules.
[=Boudieri=, Barla. P. exp. even, dry, satiny maroon or vinous with
coppery tint, then sooty brown with deeper granules at centre; g. tinged
green then ochre; s. subcylindrical, rather unequal, fibrillose, whitish
tinged red, then brownish-fawn; flesh white then reddish.
Differs from _Trich. saponaceum_ in the copper coloured p.
[=miculatum=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, glabrous, granulated then cracked,
umber; g. subadnate; s. solid, fibrillosely floccose.
=cartilagineum=, Bull. P. 5-9 cm. soon exp. and wavy, margin
persistently incurved, blackish, then broken up into small black spots;
g. crowded then greyish; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pure white; sp. ----.
=tenuiceps=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm., flesh very thin, obtuse, dry,
granular, dusky brown; g. narrowed in front, white; st. 5-8 cm.
ochraceous white, everywhere granular, base abrupt with cord-like
mycelium; sp. subgl. 6-7.
=loricatum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. tough, convex, wavy, rather
viscid, brown, cuticle thick, tough, separable; g. almost free, pallid;
s. 5-7 cm. tough, often twisted, brownish red; sp. ----.
=atrocinereum=, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. soon plane, grey, prominent disc
darker, often cracked; g. crowded, hyaline; s. 5-7 cm. cylindrical,
stuffed, glabrous, apex naked, whitish; sp. ----.
=cuneifolium=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. soon plane, dry, brown,
glabrous then squamulose; g. crowded, white, broad and obliquely
truncate in front; s. 2.5 cm. hollow, narrowed at base, pallid, apex
mealy; sp. subgl. 3-5.
Differs from _T. atrocinereum_ in hollow stem.
** _Gills discoloured, with rufous or grey, spotted._
=crassifolium=, Berk. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. wavy, flesh thin,
umb. ochraceous, disc darker; g. nearly free, becoming yellowish, thick;
s. solid, paler than p., pruinose; sp. ----.
[=geminum=, Fr. Stout, compact. P. obtuse, rufous cinnamon, velvety then
rimose; g. crowded; s. solid, floccose.
=sudum=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon plane, dry, greyish brown, glabrous, disc
often squamulose; g. deeply emarginate, white then tinged rufous; s. 6-8
cm. solid, pallid, fibrillosely-squamulose, striate; sp. 6-7 x 3.5.
=tumidum=, P. Smell slight. P. 6-8 cm. bullate, deformed then exp. and
wavy, livid grey, spotted, somewhat shining, cracking; g. white then
grey with rufous tinge; s. 7-9 cm. stout, tumid, striate, white,
rooting; sp. 6 x 4.
var. _Keithii_, Phil. and Plowr. P. rufous grey; s. dingy white, tinged
red near base.
=murinaceum=, Bull. Smell strong. P. 5-10 cm. exp. sometimes subumb.
grey, silky, cracking into squamules; g. deeply sinuate, broad, grey; s.
grey with darker squamules; sp. ----.
[=bisontinum=, Roll. P. pulvinate, cuticle thick, brown with greenish
tinge, virgate with minute adpr. fibrils; g. thick, grey, with flat,
transverse, more or less branched veins; s. solid, narrowed below,
fibrillosely striate, with minute dark granules above, pale; 10-12 x 6.
=hordum=, F. P. exp. subumb. grey, dry, glabrous then breaking up into
squarrose scales; g. rather distant, becoming greyish; s. 6-8 cm.
whitish, glabrous; sp.
=virgatum=, Fr. P. rigid, 5-9 cm. exp. umb. very dry, greyish, virgate
with radiating blackish lines; umb. often broken up into squamules; g.
broadly emarginate, becoming greyish, crowded; s. 7-9 cm. striate,
glabrous, whitish; sp. 6-8 x 5-6.
The only dry sp. with a virgate pileus.
[=dissultans=, Karst. P. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, acutely umb. very
dry, hoary with dense subreticulately interwoven superficial fibrils,
grey; g. hoary; s. hollow, equal, white, loosely fibrillose, apex
pruinose; sp. 5-6 x 4.
[=elytroides=, Scop. P. exp. obt. scabrid, disc floccosely scurfy, grey;
g. broad, grey; s. with dense fibrils directed upwards.
[=opicum=, Fr. P. umb. even, soon squamulose, greyish as is also the
flesh; g. arcuato-adfixed, hoary; s. stuffed, equal, almost glabrous.
IV. SERICELLA. _Pileus at first silky, soon glabrous, quite dry._
* _Gills broad, thickish, rather distant._
=sulphureum=, Fr. Strong smelling. Entirely sulphur yellow or p. tinged
rufous. P. 3-8 cm. subumb. silky, even; g. distant; s. 5-10 cm. striate,
same colour inside; sp. 9-10 x 5.
=bufonium=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soon plane, subumb. silky, soon glabrous,
rugulose, opaque, purplish brown, umber, or tan; g. yellowish-tan then
pallid; s. 5-7 cm. flocculose, coloured like p.; sp. subgl. 4-5.
=lascivum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 4-5 cm. exp. and subdepressed, even,
silky then glabrous, tan colour then pallid; g. arcuately adnexed,
crowded, white; s. 4-6 cm. solid, rigid, tomentose, whitish, apex mealy,
rooting; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
var. _robustum_, Cke. Robust. P. whitish, silky; smell weak or none.
=interveniens=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, depr. silky then glabrous,
rugulose near edge, tan then pale; g. arcuato-adnex. crowded, pallid; s.
solid, equal, rooting, fibrillose, pallid; sp. 6-7 x 2-2.5.
=inamoenum=, Fr. Foetid. White. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. silky then
glabrous, even; g. arcuato-adnexed, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. equal, solid,
rooting; sp. 9-10 x 6-7.
The only white, foetid _Tricholoma_.
** _Gills thin, crowded, narrow._
=cerinum=, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. exp. obtuse or depressed, even, dry, almost
glabrous, wax-yellow or brown; g. crowded, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed,
fibrillosely striate, yellowish, base darker; sp. ----.
[=chrysenterum=, Bull. Entirely yellowish outside and inside. P. fleshy,
convexo-plane, obsoletely umb. silky then almost glabrous; g. free,
crowded, narrow; s. solid, base with white wool.
[=stiparophyllum=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. silky then glabrous,
yellowish white; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, white, glabrous, apex
mealy.
[=cerinum=, Pers. P. exp. depr. almost glabrous, waxy yellow or
fuscescent; g. crowded, yellow; s. stuffed, fibrillosely striate, base
glabrous, often brownish.
[=onychinum=, Fr. P. exp. subumb. dingy purple or brown, margin silky;
g. yellow, crowded; s. pallid, apex reddish.
=ionides=, Bull. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, umb. even, dingy violet then
pale; g. crowded, white, edge irreg.; s. 3-4 cm. elastic, fibrillose,
coloured like p.; sp. 6-7 x 3.5.
Differs from _T. humile_ and _T. sordidum_ in white gills.
var. _parvum_, Lasch. P. reddish brown.
var. _persicolor_, Fr. P. convexo-plane, peach-colour, then pale; g.
sinuate, white; s. paler than p.
=carneum=, Bull. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. fragile, exp. obtuse, glabrous,
persistently reddish flesh colour; gills pure white; s. 2-2.5 cm.
coloured like pileus, not fading; sp. 3 x 2.
[=carneolum=, Fr. Small. P. plano-depr. obtuse, even, flesh-red then
pale; g. closely crowded, very broad behind, shining white.
=caelatum=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. persistently umbilicate glabrous, brown
then greyish, becoming cracked; g. crowded; s. 2.5 cm. glabrous, brown;
sp. 8 x 5.
B. _Pileus even, glabrous, neither villose, scaly nor viscid._
V. GUTTATA. _Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, with drop-like markings;
stem solid._
* _Gills not discoloured._
=gambosum=, Fr. P. 6-12 cm. flesh thick, exp. and wavy, glabrous,
spotted, pallid tan, margin incurved and downy at first; g. crowded,
ventricose; s. 5-7 cm. stout, flocculose at apex, white; sp. 13-14 x
8-9. Edible.
[=Georgii=, Clus. P. exp. rather wavy, dry, flocculosely soft,
ochraceous, edge even, naked, ochraceous; g. linear, transversely
striate, whitish; s. solid, stout, fibrillose. Edible.
=albellum=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conical then exp. gibbous, whitish, pallid,
greyish when dry, mottled with spots, margin naked; g. crowded, broadest
in front; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid, white; sp. 6-7 x 4.
=boreale=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. irreg. subumb. glabrous, rivulose when dry,
margin even, naked, flesh-colour becoming pale; g. crowded; s. 5-8 cm.
solid, elastic, base narrowed, whitish; sp. subg. 4-5.
** _Gills discoloured, rufescent or smoky._
=amethystinum=, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. exp. wavy, glabrous, livid and spotted
with bluish patches; g. crowded, white then rufescent; s. 3-5 cm. solid,
narrowed at base, paler than p.; sp. ----.
[=graveolens=, Fr. P. compact, obt. glabrous, margin even, rivulose when
dry, dusky brown; g. white then fuliginous; s. solid, firm, fibrillose.
=tigrinum=, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. often wavy, glabrous, margin invol.
pale brown or greyish with brown spots; g. crowded, narrow, white then
greyish; s. 2-3 cm. and nearly as thick, solid, white, pruinose; sp.
subgl. 8.
Differs from _T. guttatum_ in glabrous pileus with an even margin.
[=leucophaeatum=, Karst. (= _Coll. leucophaeatus_, Fr.). P.
convexo-plane, broadly and obtusely umb. pallid grey; with thin hoary
tomentum; g. crowded, whitish then dingy, broadest behind; s. equal,
often curved, pallid, base strigose; sp. ----.
=pes-caprae=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical then exp. umb. unequal, greyish
brown, glabrous; g. broad, greyish white; s. 6-7 cm. naked, white; sp. 8
x 5.
var. _multiforme_, Schaeff. P. irreg., caespitose, smaller than type.
VI. SPONGIOSA. _Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even, glabrous,
not hygrophanous._
* _Gills not discoloured._
=Schumacheri=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. exp. obtuse, livid grey, even, moist, edge
beyond gills incurved; g. narrow, crowded, pure white; s. 6-8 cm. white,
solid, fibrillosely-striate; sp. ----.
[=amicus=, Fr. P. fuscous; g. distant, white; s. bulbous, solid, white.
=patulum=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, obtuse, wavy, even, glabrous, pale grey
or pallid; g. sides veined, pallid; s. elastic, equal, glabrous, 5-8
cm.; sp. 7-8 x 4.
=circumtectum=, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. dry, obt. or subumb. wavy,
margin incurved, downy, greenish olive then tan; g. white; s. 3-4 cm.
whitish, striate, base pointed; sp. subgl. 4-5.
[=maluvium=, Fr. P. campan.-convex, obtuse, glabrous, greenish; g.
rounded, crowded, pallid; s. solid, firm, elastic.
[=conglobatum=, Vit. Densely clustered. P. unequal, even, edge thin,
inflexed, somewhat pruinose, blackish fuscous; g. free; s. stems solid,
ventricose, subtomentose, springing densely from a common tuber.
=arcuatum=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. brownish white then tan, exp. margin
incurved, glabrous, flesh-coloured; g. arcuate, crowded, white; s. 4-6
cm. solid, fibrilloso-squamulose, pale brown, base darker, bulbous; sp.
----.
Differs from _T. panaeolum_ in having white gills, and from _T.
melaleucum_ in having coloured flesh.
var. _cognatum_, Bull. Larger. Gilvous outside and inside or dingy tan;
p. obtuse, discoid; g. tan.
_oreinum_, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, glabrous, fuscous, even;
g. rounded, free, white; s. solid, short, 2-3 cm. whitish, apex white
squamulose; sp. ----.
Separated from _T. humile_ by the gills projecting beyond the margin of
pileus.
=album=, Schaeff. Entirely white, taste acrid. P. 6-9 cm. convex then
depr. even, glabrous, dry, disc sometimes tinged yellow; g. rather
crowded; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed upwards, solid, elastic; sp. 5-6 x 3.
var. _caesariatum_, Fr. P. white or yellowish, exp. fibrillosely silky,
then glabrous; s. slender, fragile, apex rather mealy; g. nearly free.
[=lentum=, Post. Entirely white not becoming spotted. P. convex,
unpolished and at first rather velvety, disc tinged pallid when old; g.
sinuate or subdecurr.; s. base narrowed, apex usually longitudinally
costate; sp. 7.5-10 x 4.5-7.
[=raphanicum=, Karst. Smell very strong, like radishes. P. convex, often
gibbous, white, disc tinged tan; g. white; s. rooting, flocculose above;
sp. glob. 3-4.
=leucocephalum=, Fr. Pure white, smell mealy. P. 3-4 cm. plane, even,
moist, glabrous after silky veil has gone; g. crowded; s. 5-6 cm.
hollow, smooth, cartilaginous, tough, rooting; sp. 9-10 x 7-8.
_T. album_ differs in having no smell, and _T. inamoenum_ in strong
disagreeable smell and very broad gills.
** _Gills discoloured._
=acerbum=, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. expanded, margin at first involute, sulcate
and rugulose, viscid, whitish then tinged rufous; g. narrow rufescent;
s. 5-8 cm. pale, apex squamulose; sp. subg. 5-6.
=militare=, Lasch. Smell and taste unpleasant. P. 8-15 cm. convex,
gibbous, margin even, viscid, cinnamon; g. white, torn, then spotted; s.
7-11 cm. solid, squamulose, pallid, base subbulbous; sp. ----.
Differs from _T. civile_ in strong smell and spotted gills.
=civile=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. soft, soon exp. glabrous, moist, pale yellow
brown, cuticle separable; g. crowded, white then yellowish; s. 5-8 cm.
solid, soft, fragile, fibrillosely squamulose, whitish; sp. ----.
=duracinum=, Cke. P. 5-8 cm. convex, gibbous, even, dry, shining, grey
with olive tinge; g. arcuate, grey; s. 4-6 cm. reticulately squamulose
above, striate below, greyish white; sp. ----.
[=irinum=, Fr. P. spongy-compact, convex then plane, moist, obsoletely
innately virgate, flesh-colour then pale, edge even, pruinose; crowded,
narrow, quite entire, greyish then lurid; s. solid, subbulbous,
reticulately fibrillose.
=personatum=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. regular, obtuse, even, glabrous, margin
invol. and downy, tan or with a lilac tinge; g. rounded-free, crowded,
broad, violet then dingy; s. 5-7 cm. solid, stout, dingy purple,
villose; sp. 8-10 x 5-6.
Flesh of stem white. In _T. nudum_ tinted violet.
=saevum=, Gillet. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane, buff, margin naked,
flesh thick; g. crowded, narrow, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. long, 2 cm. or more
thick, purple, slightly squamulose; sp. 7 x 5.
Differs from _T. personatum_ in the short, stout, squamulose stem, and
absence of purple tint on gills.
[=glaucocanum=, Bres. P. rather soft, convex, exp. glabrous, edge
involute subflocculosely pruinose, glaucous-grey; g. closely crowded,
greyish violet, easily separating; s. solid, fibrillosely striate, apex
subsquamulose, base bulbous, colour of p.; sp. 6 x 3.
=nudum=, Bull. Whole fungus violet at first. P. 5-8 cm. soon exp. often
wavy, flesh thin; g. narrow, becoming rufescent; s. 5-8 cm. equal,
elastic, rather mealy; sp. 7 x 3.5.
Flesh of stem tinted violet. In _T. personatum_ white.
[=violaceonitens=, Bagl. P. convex, umb. dusky violet, shining, edge
wavy, rugulosely sulcate; g. crowded, dingy white; s. solid, stout, base
narrowed, colour of p.
=cinerascens=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. convex, even, glabrous, white then
greyish; g. dingy, easily separating from flesh; s. 4-6 cm. solid,
equal, glabrous; sp. ----.
=panaeolum=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. convex then almost plane, dusky grey with a
grey bloom, often spotted; g. grey with rufous tinge; s. 3-5 cm. solid,
fibrous-striate, greyish; sp. subgl. 5-6.
var. _calceolum_, Sterb. P. spongy, deformed, thin, soft, exp. edge
incurved, sooty-grey or reddish-grey; g. smoky; s. excentric, fusiform,
very short.
=cnista=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. moist, glabrous, pale tan or whitish,
margin incurved, naked, even; g. white, veined, reddish when bruised; s.
3-5 cm. solid, glabrous, white; sp. 9-10 x 4.
Differs from _T. panaeolum_ in p. not becoming grey.
=fallax=, Peck. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, disc darker, even; g.
becoming yellowish; s. 2.5 cm. yellow, hollow; sp. 4-5 x 3.
VII. HYGROPHANA. _Pileus thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous._
* _Gills whitish, not spotted._
=melaleucum=, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. blackish then
paler, glabrous; g. emarginate adnexed, white; s. 5-8 cm. equal,
elastic, whitish with dark fibrils; sp. 10 x 4-5.
_Coll. stridula_ much resembles this sp. but has a brownish stem. _T.
arcuatum_ has flesh tinged brown. _T. oreinum_ has apex of stem
squamulose.
var. _adstringens_, Pers. P. exp. pitch black and rather shining when
dry; g. tinged pink; s. naked.
var. _polioleucum_, Fr. P. obtusely umb. livid then grey; s. apex
white-pruinose.
var. _porphyroleucum_, Bull. P. fleshy, umbo disappearing, sooty or
fuscous-rufescent; s. solid, subfibrillose; g. white.
[=microcephalum=, Karst. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, livid-sooty then
pale; g. much crowded, soft, white; s. tall, 9-12 cm. splitting easily
into fibres, pallid, glabrous; sp. subg. 5-6 x 5.
[=turritum=, Fr. P. conico-exp. umb. moist, obscure purple, somewhat
spotted; g. soon free, white; s. stuffed then hollow, white with dusky
fibrils.
=grammopodium=, Bull. P. 7-12 cm. camp. conv. then depr. umb. glabrous,
ruddy then pallid; g. arcuato-adnate, crowded; s. 7-10 cm. stuffed,
coarsely striate, glabrous, pallid; sp. 7-8 x 4.
[=strictipes=, Karst. P. soft, gibbous, plane or depr. white or
yellowish-white, centre often tinged; g. closely crowded, shining white,
entire; s. solid, equal, cylindrical, base usually thickened, straight,
white, glabrous; sp. 6-9 x 4-5.
=brevipes=, Bull. P. 3-6 cm. brown then pale, glabrous, convex then
plane; g. crowded, tinged fuscous then pale; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, rigid,
brown outside and inside; sp. 7 x 4.
=humile=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. umb. then convex or depressed, even,
glabrous; g. crowded, ventricose; s. 3-5, greyish white, villosely
pulverulent, stuffed; sp. 7-8 x 5.
Differs from _T. brevipes_ in pale stem and tufted habit.
=exsiccum=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. then umb. greyish brown then hoary; g.
crowded, narrow, pure white; s. 2-3 cm. solid, glabrous, rather shining;
sp. 6-7 x 4.
=subpulverulentum=, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. greyish white, pulverulent, convex
then depr. even, extreme edge persistently incurved; g. crowded, narrow,
white; s. 3-4 cm. solid, whitish, slightly striate; sp. 5 x 3.
[=persicinum=, Fr. P. obtuse, even, glabrous, flesh-colour then pale; s.
cartilaginous, glabrous; g. arcuate, white.
[=Juranum=, Q. Obtuse, rufous then pale, white-floccose, margin
crenulate, mealy; g. white, crowded; s. solid, white, apex mealy.
** _Gills violet, grey or smoky._
[=urbum=, Fr. P. campan.-exp. brownish black with bluish tinge, subumb.,
margin straight; g. densely crowded, like flesh, bluish white; s.
incurved, fibrillose, bulbous.
=sordidum=, Fr. P. 2.5-7 cm. plano-depr. subumb. glabrous, brownish
lilac then dusky; g. rounded, dingy violet then dusky; s. 4-5 cm.
coloured like p. fibrillosely striate, slightly curved as a rule; sp.
7-8 x 3-4, minutely rugulose.
Differs from _T. nudum_ in being smaller, tougher, and hygrophanous.
var. _Feuilleauboisii_, Lucand and Quel. The broadly gibbous p. and s.
dark umber; g. deep violet.
=paedidum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon depr. round conical umbo, smoky grey,
somewhat streaked; g. crowded, adnexed, narrow, white then greyish; s.
2-3 cm. dingy grey, slightly striate base thickened; sp. 10-11 x 5-6.
Differs from _T. sordidum_ in having no trace of violet colour; _T.
lixivium_ differs in the free truncate gills.
=lixivium=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. greyish brown, soon plane and umb. margin
expanded, membranaceous, striate; g. truncato-free, grey; s. 5-6 cm.
grey, whitish floccose, often flexuous; sp. 7 x 4-5.
[=rasile=, Fr. Soft. P. campan.-exp. umb. fibroso-virgate, undulate,
fuliginous; g. connected by veins, greyish-umber, edge white floccose;
s. equal, fibrillose.
[=favillarum=, Fr. P. exp. depr. round umbo, even, glabrous, moist, edge
spreading, even, whitish when dry; g. closely crowded, greyish.
=putidum=, Fr. Smell strong, rancid. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, soft, olive
grey, hoary when dry; g. adnexed, crowded, grey; s. 2-3 cm. greyish,
pruinose; sp. 8-10 x 3-5.
_Coll. rancida_ differs in glabrous, rooting stem.
[=hospitans=, Fr. Shining white, campan. obtuse, even, edge straight,
adpressed to stem at first; g. free, very ventricose; s. solid, fibrous,
glabrous, apex pruinose.
Resembling a _Mycena_ but s. solid and fibrous.
RUSSULA, Fr.
I. Taste mild.
* _Gills ochraceous_ (not clear yellow).
=alutacea=, Fr. P. 4-10 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red, dark purple, disc
becoming pale, at length striate and tuberculose at margin, flesh white;
g. broad, rather distant, ochre, naked; s. 4-5 cm. white or tinged red;
sp. 7-9.
Differs from _R. integra_ in gills not being powdery.
=integra=, Fr. P. 8-12 cm. viscid, exp. depr. red or greenish, margin at
length sulcate and tuberculose, flesh white; g. broad, yellow, powdered
with the ochre spores; s. 4-5 cm. even, ventricose, white; sp. 9-10.
var. _alba_, Cke. Whole fungus except gills creamy white.
=xerampelina=, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. compact, exp. then depr., dry, rosy
purple sometimes tinged olive, disc paler, cracked into granules, flesh
tinged yellow; g. forked, white then ochre; s. 4-7 cm. clavate, white,
more or less tinged red; sp. 8-10 x 6-7.
Differs from _R. integra_ by narrow gills not powdered with the spores.
=nauseosa=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. viscid, plane then depr.,
purple or lilac, disc darker, coarsely striate; g. rather distant,
ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slightly striate, white; sp. 8-9.
_R. nitida_ differs in the yellow, shining gills.
var. _flavida_, Cke. P. primrose yellow.
=vitellina=, Fr. Strong scented. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, yellow, edge
tuberculose, striate; g. saffron ochre; s. 2-3 cm. slender, white; sp.
7-8.
Differs from _R. lutea_ in strong smell and tuberculose margin.
var. _major_, Cke. Similar to type, but larger.
=lilacea=, Q. P. 4-7 cm. exp. depr., viscid, violet becoming pallid; g.
white, broad; s. 4-6 cm. fragile, white or base tinted rose; sp. 7-8.
=ochracea=, Fr. Every part inside and outside ochraceous. P. 5-7 cm.
viscid, coarsely striate; g. broad; s. 2-3 cm. wrinkled; sp. 10-12.
_R. fellea_ differs in bitter taste.
=lutea=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. plano-depr. viscid, yellow becoming pale; g.
connected by veins, egg-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. even, white; sp. 8-10 x 7-8.
Differs from _R. vitellina_ by even margin of p. and absence of smell.
=elegans=, Bresad. P. 4-7 cm. convex then depr., tuberculose and striate
with age, rosy, yellowish towards margin, densely granular everywhere;
g. ochraceous orange; s. 3-5 cm. white; sp. 8-10.
Differs from _R. vesca_ in granular, rosy pileus.
=armeniaca=, Cke. P. 2-4 cm. soon depr., peach colour, margin even; g.
deep ochraceous; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow; sp. 10 x 8.
[=ravida=, Fr. P. depr. wavy and more or less lobed, brownish grey then
yellowish, opaque, edge even, flesh grey; g. broad, ochre; s. pallid,
brown striate.
=xanthophaea=, Boud. P. depr., edge sulcate and tuberculose, brownish
bay; gills clear ochre; s. white; taste mild.
Differs from _R. pectinata_ in ochre gills and mild taste, and from _R.
ravida_ in pectinate and tuberculose margin.
** _Gills yellow, without an ochraceous tinge._
=coerulea=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp., polished, edge even, bluish
or bluish purple; g. adnate, pale yellow; s. 4-5 cm. white; sp. 10-12.
Much the appearance of _R. cyanoxantha_, differs in crowded yellow
gills.
=nitida=, Fr. Smell unpleasant. P. 3-5 cm. plane or slightly depr.,
viscid, purplish-bay, reddish, &c., shining, edge striate; g. sulphur
yellow, naked; s. 5-7 cm. white then pallid; sp. 8-10 x 6-8.
_R. nauseosa_ differs in ochre, powdered gills.
var. _cuprea_, Cke. P. copper colour.
=aurata=, Fr. P. rigid, 4-7 cm. plane, yellow, orange or reddish, disc
darker, margin striate, flesh yellow under the viscid cuticle; g. broad,
edge lemon yellow; s. 4-7 cm. white or yellow; sp. 8-10.
=decolorans=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then exp., regular, viscid, orange
red then yellowish, margin becoming striate; flesh turning grey; g.
yellowish; s. 6-9 cm. white then grey, especially inside; sp. 7-9.
Differs from _R. depallens_ in the long s., and the yellow gills.
=punctata=, Gillet. P. 3-5 cm. convex then plane, viscid, rosy,
punctate with brown warts, striate; g. yellowish, edge often reddish; s.
2-3 cm. coloured like p. base whitish; sp. 8-9.
var. _leucopus_, Cke. Stem white.
=olivacea=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. convex then plane or depr., margin even,
minutely silky squamulose, purple with olive tinge, or brownish olive;
g. broad, yellow; s. 5-8 cm. pale rose; sp. 9-10.
Differs from _R. rubra_ in deeper yellow colour of g. and unpolished p.
and mild taste.
=Linnaei=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane then depr., polished, edge even, blood
red or dark rose; g. adnato-decur. yellowish; s. 3-6 cm. blood red; sp.
----.
=chamaeleontina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane or subdepr., slightly viscid,
edge becoming slightly striate, rose red, purplish lilac, &c., then
yellowish; g. closely crowded, plane, yellow; s. 3-6 cm. white; sp. 7-8.
=puellaris=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. almost membranaceous, conico-convex then
exp., tuberculose striate to the middle, purplish livid then yellowish,
disc brown; g. pale yellow, naked; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish white, soon
hollow; sp. 10 x 8-9.
P. not shining as in _R. nitida_.
var. _intensior_, Cke. P. deep purple, blackish at disc.
var. _roseipes_, Secr. S. sprinkled with rosy meal.
[=bona=, Schwalb. P. often irreg., lilac, centre pallid or obscure,
velvety; g. adnexed, pale yellow then pale egg-yellow; s. unequal, often
curved, white, hollow; taste mild; 8-10.
[=grisea=, Fr. P. exp. depr., polished, grey or olive, disc purplish,
edge even, flesh under cuticle violet; g. adnate, white then yellow s.
even, polished, white.
*** _Gills white or creamy white._
+ _Pileus white or cream colour_ (often becoming blackish when
old).
=virginea=, Cke. and Mass. Persistently pure white. P. 4-5 cm. soon
exp., viscid, polished when dry; g. subdecur., narrow, repeatedly
forked, veined; s. 4-5 cm. solid, rugulose; sp. 4-5.
=semicrema=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. persistently white, edge involute, even,
glabrous; g. decur. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming blackish;
sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. adusta_ and _R. densifolia_ in persistently white
p.--flesh also--and g., and from _R. delica_ in flesh of stem becoming
blackish.
=lactea=, Fr. Entirely white or pallid. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse, even,
unpolished then minutely cracked; g. free, thick, distant; s. 2-4 cm.
solid, stout; sp. 7-9.
var. _incarnata_, Q. P. white tinged rose, then pale tan.
=nigricans=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbilicato-depr. whitish, soon
sooty-olive, flesh white, reddish when broken; g. rounded, very thick
and distant; s. 3-6 cm. stout, solid, pallid then black; sp. 8-9. Every
part black when old.
=adusta=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. white then brownish, at length
scorched; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. solid, pallid then dusky
grey; sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. nigricans_ in much closer gills, and in flesh not
changing to red.
=densifolia=, Gillet. P. 3-9 cm. convex then depr. white then brownish,
flesh red when broken; g. thin, crowded, pallid; s. 3-5 cm. slightly
mealy, white then grey, at length blackish; sp. 7-8.
Differs from _R. adusta_ in flesh turning red, and from _R. nigricans_
in crowded gills.
=delica=, Fr. White. P. 8-14 cm. exp. umbil. polished, edge incurved,
even, glabrous; g. decur. thin, distant, white; s. 3-5 cm. solid,
compact; sp. 8-10 x 6-7.
This species has been confounded with _R. chloroides_, Bres. (= _R.
delica_, Mass. Fung. Fl. III, 53, _Lact. exsuccus_, Otto, &c.) but
differs in polished pileus, pure white gills, &c.
=chloroides=, Bresad. (= _Lact. exsuccus_, Otto; _Agaricus chloroides_,
Krombh.; _Russula delica_, Mass, &c. not of Cooke). P. 8-12 cm. depr.
edge involute, whitish, pubescent, flesh thick, white; g. decurrent,
white with a tinge of green, connected by veins, forked; s. 3-5 cm.
stout, white, tomentose, sometimes with a pale green zone at apex; sp.
8-9.
Differs from _R. delica_ in pubescent pileus and stem, and green tinted
gills.
++ _Pileus clear yellow._
=citrina=, Gillet. P. 4-6 cm. slightly viscid, convex then depr.; g.
broadest in front, forked, white; s. 4-7 cm. white, solid, slightly
rugulose; sp. 7-8.
=fingibilis=, Britz. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. even, slightly viscid; g.
almost free, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, becoming hollow; sp. 7-9.
+++ _Pileus greenish or olive._
=olivascens=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. umbil. olive disc becoming yellowish,
edge even; g. white then tinged yellow; s. 2-4 cm. stout, firm, even;
sp. 9-10.
=heterophylla=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. even, polished, greenish,
yellow-brown, &c., disc becoming ochre, flesh white; g. very narrow,
closely crowded; s. 2-3 cm. solid, white; sp. 7-8.
var. _galachroa_, Fr. P. milky white then greenish.
Differs from _R. cyanoxantha_ in very narrow, crowded gills.
[=smaragdina=, Q. P. thin, viscid, somewhat zoned, clear green, edge
white; g. narrow, white; s. slender, pruinose, white; taste mild.
=azurea=, Bres. P. 4-5 cm. exp. depr. pale glaucous green, with white
bloom; g. pale cream colour; s. 2-3 cm. white, rugulose; sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. cyanoxantha_ in white meal on the pileus.
=virescens=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. exp. umbil. dingy opaque green, innately
flocculose, areolately cracked; g. rather crowded, forked; s. 4-6 cm.
stout, white; sp. 8-9. Edible.
[=luteo-viridans=, C. Mart. P. convex then depr. then edge erect and
sulcate, pellicle viscid, separable, yellow with green or brown stains;
g. broad; s. reticulated, base narrowed. Acrid.
var. _bicolor_, C. Mart. Disc of p. yellow, edge brown; g. dark ochre.
var. _purpurea_, C. Mart. P. purple, disc yellow.
=furcata=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, depr. sometimes subinfund. even, dark
lurid green, even, frosted with a white silkiness; g. adnato-decur.
thickish, forked; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even, white; sp. 7-8.
var. _pictipes_, Cke. S. rosy at apex, greenish below.
var. _ochroviridis_, Cke. Disc of p. olive or sooty, ochraceous towards
edge.
=aeruginea=, Lindbl. P. 6-9 cm. exp. darker disc depr., verdigris green,
edge striate; g. narrow behind, slightly adnexed, pure white; s. 4-5 cm.
firm, even, persistently white; sp. 8-10.
++++ _Pileus red, brownish, purple, sometimes with green
intermingled._
=lepida=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. compact, depr. not polished, blood red,
becoming pale, minutely cracked into squamules; g. much forked; s. 3-5
cm. even, white with rosy tinge; sp. 6-8.
=atropurpurea=, Kromb. P. 6-8 cm. hard, convex then exp. depr. smooth,
even, deep blood red or purple red; g. adnate, white; s. 5-6 cm. white
or tinged red.
Differs from _R. rubra_ in being quite mild.
[=cerasina=, C. Mart. P. viscid, depr. subcyathiform, edge sulcate,
pellicle separable, cherry-red, disc yellow, flesh purple under cuticle;
g. adnato-decur. ochre; s. rugulose, white. Acrid.
=cutefracta=, Cke. P. 6-12 cm. exp. depr. even, purple, dull red, etc.,
cracking into areolae from edge towards disc; g. adnexed, crowded; s.
6-8 cm. solid, white with tinge of purple; sp. 7-10.
=vesca=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. flesh colour, disc darker, viscid,
rugulose; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. solid, white, reticulately
wrinkled; sp. 9-10.
var. _Duportii_, Phil. P. disc rufous, edge bluish, flesh reddish when
cut. Smells of crab.
var. _lilacea_, Q. P. violet or purple, flesh violet under the cuticle.
var. _Barlae_, Q. P. peach colour.
=depallens=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. firm, undulate, viscid, reddish, crimson,
or brownish, disc paler at length; g. crowded, forked; s. 3-4 cm. base
narrowed, white then grey; sp. 7-8.
Differs from _R. decolorans_ in having white gills.
[=pallida=, Karst. Acrid. P. convex then exp. mostly undulate, rather
viscid, constantly pallid, here and there tinged rose, edge even; g.
white, edge sometimes sulphur; s. white, often curved; sp. 5-8.
Differs from _Russula pallescens_ in being more robust and even margin
of p.
=cyanoxantha=, Schaeff. P. 5-9 cm. globose then depr. or infundib.
viscid, lilac, purplish, olive green, &c., edge generally bluish; g.
broad, forked; s. 4-6 cm. even, white; sp. 8-9.
=elephantina=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex, umbil. margin incurved, brownish
tan, wavy; g. obtusely adnate, arcuate, rather crowded, thin; s. firm,
white; sp. ----.
Differs from _R. nigricans_ and _R. adusta_ in not turning black or red
when old.
=mustelina=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. depr. edge upturned, even, opaque, brownish
or dingy yellowish, flesh persistently white; g. crowded, thin,
connected; s. 4-5 cm. even, white; sp. 7-8.
II. Taste acrid.
* _Gills yellow or ochraceous._
+ _Pileus yellow or ochraceous._
=fellea=, Fr. Every part, outside and inside, pale ochraceous or straw
colour, very acrid. P. 3-7 cm. exp. not becoming pale; g. adnate; s.
even, 4-6 cm.
Differs from _R. ochracea_ in being very acrid.
=aurata=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, exp. polished, citrin or orange,
sometimes reddish, edge becoming striate, flesh under cuticle citrin; g.
broad, shining citrin; s. 5-8 cm. white tinged yellow; sp. ----.
[=rhytipes=, Fr. Foetid. P. depr. dry, yellowish, blotched purple or
olive, corrugated, flesh sulphur yellow; g. broad, yellow, edge darker;
s. conical, reticulately rugose, greyish purple.
No account of mild or acrid taste is given, hence its position is
uncertain. Has points in common with _R. aurata_.
=claroflava=, Grove. P. 5-7 cm. bullate then plane, chrome yellow; g.
white, lemon yellow, then tinged ochre; s. 3-6 cm. white then grey or
blackish; sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. ochroleuca_ in bright yellow p.
++ _Pileus red or purple._
=rubra=, Fr. P. 3-9 cm. rigid, convex exp. depr. dusky blood red or with
a tinge of purple, polished and even when dry; g. adnate whitish; s. 4-7
cm. hard, white sometimes tinged red; sp. 8-10.
Differs from _R. atropurpurea_ in very acrid taste.
=drimeia=, Cke. (= _R. expallens_, Gil.). P. 5-9 cm. firm, exp. depr.
bright purple to rose colour; g. clear yellow; s. 4-8 cm. purple, paler
than p.; sp. 7-9. Intensely acrid.
=veternosa=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. rosy or flesh colour then pale,
slightly viscid; g. adnate, narrow, white then straw colour; s. 5-8 cm.
spongy then hollow, white; sp. 7-9.
=maculata=, Q. P. 5-8 cm. thin, firm, exp. viscid, reddish flesh-colour,
then pale and blotched brownish; g. sulphur then peach colour; s. 3-4
cm. white or tinged rose, then spotted ochre; sp. 9-10.
Differs from _R. depallens_ in being smaller, acrid, and stem not grey.
=serotina=, Q. P. 2-2.5 cm. globose then more or less exp. purple brown
or olive, edge lilac, with white bloom at first; g. almost free, white
then tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm. white; sp. 8-9.
** _Gills white._
+ _Pileus ochraceous or umber._
=ochroleuca=, Fr. P. 7-9 cm. exp. depr. viscid at first, ochraceous then
pale, disc cracked into granules, margin almost even; g. rounded behind,
broad, subequal, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. soft, white then grey, reticulately
rugulose; sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. granulosa_ in stem becoming grey.
=granulosa=, Cke. P. 4-7 cm. exp. often depr. viscid at first,
ochraceous, disc darker and granular; s. 4-7 cm. white, granular; g.
nearly free, white; sp. 11-12.
Close to _R. ochroleuca_, differing in granular persistently white stem.
=foetens=, Fr. Foetid. P. 7-12 cm. bullate, then exp. and depr. rigid,
viscid, edge at first incurved, tuberculato-sulcate, ochraceous then
pale; g. very unequal, forked, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. soon hollow, whitish;
sp. 8-10.
[=foetida=, C. Mart. Smell foetid. P. viscid, sulcate, yellow-brown,
flesh under cuticle brown, rest white; g. forked near stem, white then
yellow; s. very fragile, hollow, white, often spotted red below. Mild.
=consobrina=, Fr. P. 6-8 cm. exp. depr. viscid, edge even, brown or dark
grey, flesh grey under the cuticle; g. forked, white; s. 4-6 cm. white
then grey; sp. 8-9 x 7.
var. _sororia_, Fr. Edge of p. striate.
=pectinata=, Fr. Smell nauseous. P. 5-7 cm. exp. then depr. or broadly
infundib., rigid, brownish tan then pale except disc, viscid, margin
sulcate, flesh yellowish under cuticle; g. attenuato-free, equal, white;
s. rigid, striate, white; sp. 8-9.
Differs from _R. consobrina_, var. _sororia_ in tubercular sulcate edge,
and gills not connected by veins.
[=intermedia=, Karst. Acrid. P. exp. depr. irreg. viscid, edge even, at
length sulcate and tuberculose, tawny, disc darker, discoloured; g.
white then yellowish; s. white.
Near to _Russ. integra_, differs in taste and colour.
=sardonia=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. plane, wavy, viscid, edge even, dingy yellow,
then pale; g. adnate, closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. 3-5 cm.
white often tinged red; sp. 9-10.
Differs from _R. rosacea_ and _R. expallens_ in yellowish colour.
++ _Pileus red or purplish._
=emetica=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. exp. depr. shining, rosy to blood red, then
pale or white, edge at length sulcate, flesh white, red under cuticle;
g. free, white; s. 4-7 cm. even, white or tinged red; sp. 7-8.
Poisonous.
var. _Clusii_, Fr. Flesh and gills tinged yellow.
=rosacea=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. unequal, viscid then dry and spotted,
rosy; edge acute, even; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. white or tinged
rose; sp. 7-8.
Differs from _R. sanguinea_ in irregular, often excentric p. and broader
gills.
=sanguinea=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. depr. or infundib. polished, blood-red
then pale, edge acute, even; g. decur. closely crowded, white; s. 4-7
cm. striate, white or tinged red; sp. 9-10.
_R. rubra_ differs in rigid p. and g. tinged yellow.
=fragilis=, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, fragile, exp. flesh colour or red, soon
pale, rather viscid, edge tubercular-striate; g. thin, crowded,
ventricose, white; s. 3-5 cm. white, polished; sp. 8-10 x 8.
var. _nivea_, Cke. Entirely white.
var. _violacea_, Q. P. violet, with narrow pale edge.
var. _fallax_, Cke. Disc of p. very dark, rest pale reddish purple.
=Queletii=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, viscid, dark violet, edge
slightly striate, lilac; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. purple; sp. 7-8.
var. _purpurea_, Cke. (= _R. purpurea_, Gillet). Stem whitish, tinged
rosy at middle part; g. pale yellow.
MYCENA, Fr.
I. CALODONTES. _Edge of gills denticulate, dark coloured._
=pelianthina=, Bolton. P. 1.5-3 cm. obtuse, hygr. purplish then pale; g.
broad, adnexed, purplish with darker fimbriated margin; s. 5-8 cm.
equal, pallid; sp. 7 x 4.
=balanina=, B. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umb. pale yellowish brown, striate when
moist; g. adnate, separating, pinkish-white, edge purple; s. 6-8 cm.
tinged brown, squamulose above, brown and thin below.
[=crenulata=, Schum. P. camp. umb. purplish-bay; g. adnexed, paler than
p., edge distinctly crenulated but scarcely darker; s. even, glabrous,
base narrowed.
=mirabilis=, Cke. and Q. (= _Ag. marginellus_, Fr., non Pers.). P. 1-1.5
cm. camp. pale bluish grey, umb. darker, then tan, finely striate; g.
whitish, edge darker with minute particles; s. greyish, minutely
floccose, rooting and tomentose at base; sp. ----.
=aurantiomarginata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. subumb. even, brownish olive then
pale; g. adnexed, edge flocculent, orange; s. 2-4 cm. base ventricose
and strigose; sp. ----.
=elegans=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. umb. striate, brown or livid-yellow; g.
adnate, edge saffron; s. 4-5 cm. equal, livid; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
=olivaceomarginata=, Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. striate up to disc, honey
colour; g. adnexed, pallid, edge brownish olive; s. 3-4 cm. shining,
coloured like p.; sp. 6 x 4-5.
[=avenacea=, Fr. P. camp. obt. fuscous then livid grey, slightly
striate; g. adnate, white, edge fuscous; s. even, glabrous, without
juice, base fibrillose.
[=atromarginata=, Fr. P. exp. sulcate, viscid; g. white with a very
narrow black edge; s. tall, striate, glabrous.
=rubromarginata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse, striate, hygr. grey,
livid, reddish &c., paler; g. adnate, whitish, edge purple brown; s. 3-4
cm. even, pallid; sp. ----.
var. _fuscopurpurea_, Lasch. P. purple brown; g. edge eroded, brownish.
[=luteorufescens=, Karst. P. campan. often oblique, striato-virgate,
yellowish fuscous, disc rufescent, opaque; g. distant, whitish glaucous;
s. yellowish, glabrous; sp. 8-13 x 7-9.
[=viridimarginata=, Karst. P. campan. exp. umb. sulcate, glabrous,
brownish honey-colour, not hygr.; g. white then glaucous; s. rigid,
fragile, honey-colour then pale, not rooting; sp. 7-11 x 6-7.
=strobilina=, Fr. Every part deep red. P. 1-1.5 cm. acutely umb. not
becoming pale; g. adnate edge dark blood red; s. 3-4 cm. rigid; sp. 8-10
x 4.
var. _coccinea_, Sow. Edge of g. not darker.
Differs from _M. rosella_ in larger size, and in not becoming pale,
acute umbo, &c.
=rosella=, Fr. Every part pale rose colour. P. 4-7 mm. obtusely umb.
striate, becoming pale; g. adnate, edge darker; s. 2-3 cm. slender; sp.
7-8 x 4.
[=venustula=, Q. P. white, diaphanous, with rosy granules; g. few,
white, edge rosy; s. white, hyaline.
=carneosanguinea=, Rea. P. 2.5-3 cm. livid grey, umbo rufous, even,
flesh becoming blood-red when broken; g. purplish-brown, edge dark
purple, denticulate; s. 4 cm. grey, base thickened; sp. 4-5 x 2-3.
[=citrinomarginata=, Gill. P. campan. striate to apex, yellow; g.
distant, pale, edge citrin; s. thickened and downy at base, pale.
[=fuscomarginata=, Godey. P. campan. even, pale tan then pallid; g.
pale, edge brownish or reddish-purple; s. bay, summit pale.
II. ADONIDEAE. _Stem juiceless, gills all one colour, colour clear,
bright, not brownish or greyish._
=pura=, Pers. Smell like radishes. P. 3-6 cm. umb. margin striate,
lilac, reddish, &c., then pale; g. sinuato-adnexed, very broad,
connected by veins, pale; s. 5-8 cm. even, pale or tinged like pileus;
sp. 6-8 x 3-3.5.
_M. pelianthina_ differs in dark edged gills.
_M. pseudopura_ and _M. zephira_ have no smell.
_M. ianthina_ differs in persistently conical pileus.
[=fimicola=, Karst. P. convex then plane, umb. or papillate, umb.
striate, glabrous, reddish ochre then tan; g. whitish then tan; s.
equal, wavy, tough, glabrous, rusty then bay; sp. 6-9 x 3-4.
var. _multicolor_, Bres. P. clear greyish blue, umbo tawny, edge
striate; g. grey; s. rosy-purple, base yellowish, tomentose; sp. 7-9 x
4-5.
=pseudopura=, Cke. P. 2 cm. exp. obtusely umb. vaguely striate, rosy
then pale; g. adnate, whitish; s. 4-6 cm. rigid, pallid rosy, brownish
when dry, naked; sp. 12 x 5.
_M. pura_ differs in larger size of entire fungus, and smaller spores.
_M. zephira_ differs in squamulose stem.
=zephira=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. diaphanous, obtuse, striate to middle, reddish
or pinkish; g. adnate white; s. 4-6 cm. tinged pinkish rufescent,
squamulose, base cottony; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. pura_ in absence of smell.
[=caesiolivida=, Bres. P. campan. exp. or revolute, subirreg. glabrous,
hygr. livid blue or grey then rosy livid; g. white then rosy, at length
livid flesh colour; s. short, greyish or bluish livid, base strigosely
rooting; 8-10 x 5.5-6.
[=Renati=, Q. P. rosy lilac, disc brownish; g. white then tinged rosy;
s. pellucid, amber yellow.
[=Seynii=, Q. P. vinous, shining; g. rosy lilac; s. fistulose, hyaline,
purplish, base hairy, white.
[=punicella=, Fr. P. conical, obtuse, subviscid, scarlet, edge striate,
yellow; g. free, pallid; s. diaphanous, rooting, base dusky green, apex
yellowish.
=flavipes=, Q. Tufted, smells like radishes. P. 1-2 cm. camp. obtuse,
rosy pink or lilac; g. adnexed, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. polished, yellow,
rooting; sp. 10 x 4-5.
[=rubella=, Q. P. campan. striate, orange red; g. white then tinged
rosy; s. hyaline, apex rosy.
=adonis=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. conical then campan. rosy; g. uncinately
adnexed, narrow, white tinged pink; s. equal, white; sp. ----.
[=chlorantha=, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, green; g. sinuato-adnexed, white; s.
short, glabrous, greenish.
=lineata=, Bull. P. 1-2 cm. obt. glabrous, everywhere finely striate,
tinged yellow or whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm. even, base downy;
sp. ----.
=farrea=, Lasch. P. 2-2.5 cm. very thin, expanded, furfuraceous with
shining particles, pale, sulcate; g. adnate, snow-white; s. 6-7 cm.
silky, striate; sp. ----.
Among moss and grass. The only known _Mycena_ with a furfuraceous
pileus.
=luteoalba=, Bolton. P. 1-2 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. pale yellow;
g. adnate, broad, white; s. 3-5 cm. shining, glabrous, yellowish; sp.
----.
=flavoalba=, Fr. P. 1-5 cm. exp. umb. often cracked at margin, yellowish
or white; g. soon free, distant; s. 2-3 cm. white, pellucid, apex
pruinose; sp. 6-8 x 3-4.
_M. lactea_ differs in adnate gills and downy base of stem.
_M. luteoalba_ has a yellowish stem.
=lactea=, Pers. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. subumb. striate, even when dry; g.
adnate, narrow, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. toughish, not quite straight,
glabrous; sp. 7-8 x 3-4.
Differs from _M. gypsea_ and _M. tenuis_ in scattered habit.
var. _pithya_, Fr. Smaller, p. becoming almost plane; s. thin, base
bubillose, downy.
forma _pulchella_, Fr. Milk-white; g. linear, ascending; s. attenuated.
Solitary.
[=olida=, Bres. Smell very strong, rancid. P. thin, conico-campan.
obtuse, then exp. and umb. yellow soon pale straw; g. uncinato-decur.
connected by veins, white; s. hyaline, strigosely rooting; sp. 8-9 x 6.
=gypsea=, Fr. Caespitose. Pure white, rarely with a yellow tinge. P. 1-2
cm. conical then campan. striate up to umbo, glabrous; g. subuncinate;
s. 5-7 cm. straight, narrowed upwards from hairy base; sp. 8-9 x 4.
[=nivea=, Q. Shining white. P. sulcate, diaphanous; g. uncinate; s.
pruinose, base rather swollen, fibrillose.
[=galeropsis=, Fr. P. conico-camp. even, gilvous; g. free, whitish; s.
straight, narrowed upwards, fragile, not rooting, ferruginous below.
[=nucida=, Brig. P. campan. obtuse, even, downy under a lens, deep
rust-colour, hygr.; g. free, white then rosy; s. silky shining, base
snow-white, apex mealy.
[=Benzonii=, Fr. P. very thin, campan. exp. umbil. finely striate,
pallid or reddish; g. white; s. equal, glabrous, white.
An introduced species.
[=melanops=, West. P. convexo-camp. plicate, umbo blackish-brown; g.
adnexed to a collar; s. slender, glabrous base fibrillose.
[=pruinatus=, Fr. Shining white. P. thin, conico-campan. papillate, edge
deflexed, sulcate, pruinose; g. crowded; s. bulbous, naked.
III. RIGIDIPEDES. _Stem firm, rigid, rather tough, juiceless, base
strigosely rooting, gills discoloured, grey, reddish, &c., often
connected by veins._
=cohaerens=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. camp. obtuse, tawny cinnamon, soft and
velvety; g. free, distant, very broad, pallid; s. 8-12 cm. horny, rigid,
even, shining, bay, base downy, rooting; sp. 10 x 7-8.
[=raeborhiza=, Lasch. P. acute camp. exp. glabrous, striate, rather
tawny then pale; g. almost free, connected by veins; s. even, floccosely
pruinose, rooting, tinged tawny.
=prolifera=, Sow. Caespitose. P. 1-2 cm. camp. then exp. subumb., margin
coarsely striate, yellowish tan; g. adnexed; s. 6-8 cm. glabrous,
shining, striate, brownish below, rooting; sp. ----.
=excisa=, Lasch. (non Berk.). P. 2-3 cm. camp. then obtuse, greyish
fuscous or pallid; g. scarcely adnexed, narrowed behind, very broad in
front, pallid; s. 2-3 cm. tough, even, grey, rooting; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. polygramma_ in smooth stem.
var. _fagetorum_, Fr. Slender. P. even, striate to middle, smoky or
livid then pale; g. joined to a collar; s. incurved at base, fixed to
leaves by down.
=rugosa=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. camp. then exp. subumb. tough, irreg. radially
rugulose, greyish; g. arcuately adnate, white then tinged grey; s. 3-4
cm. tough, even, glabrous, pallid; sp. ----.
=sudora=, Fr. White. P. 2-3 cm. umb. striate, viscid; g. obtusely
adnate, sometimes tinged pink; st. 6-10 cm. even, dry, rooting; sp.
----.
=galericulata=, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. conic camp. exp. striate up to umbo,
dry, brownish, livid, &c.; adnate with decurrent tooth, connected by
veins, pinkish when old; s. 5-8 cm. polished, even, glabrous; sp. 6-7 x
4.
_M. rugosa_ differs from present sp. in having grey gills and rugulose
pileus.
[=simillima=, Karsten. P. conico-campan. even, dry, glabrous, livid or
dingy pallid; g. emarginato-decur. crowded, white, very slightly tinged
rose; s. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting; sp.
----.
Very near to _Mycena galericulata_, differing in being fragile and in
becoming pale.
=polygramma=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. conic camp. subumb. dry, striate, dark
grey or blackish-blue when young; g. pale pinkish-grey tinge; s. 7-12
cm. rigid, tough, shining, longitudinally striate, strigosely rooting,
grey; sp. 11-12 x 6.
Differs from _M. plicata_ in striate stem.
[=inclinata=, Fr. P. camp. obtuse, striate to middle, everywhere
brownish; g. adnate, whitish, base grey; s. rigid, twisted, pruinosely
fibrillose, upwards interruptedly striate.
=parabolica=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. oval then camp. striate to middle, disc
blackish-violet, margin paler, becoming pale; g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm.
even, glabrous, base strigose, dark coloured; sp. 11-12 x 6.
Differs from _M. galericulata_ in absence of decurrent tooth of gills,
also their pinkish colour.
=tintinabulum=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. tough, camp. even, bay, yellow brown,
pallid, &c., viscid when moist; g. adnate with a decurrent tooth,
crowded; s. 2-3 cm. even, glabrous, pallid, strigosely rooting; sp. 7-8
x 5.
Differs from _M. galericulata_ in short stem and even pileus.
=Berkeleyi=, Mass. (= _excisa_, B.). P. 3-7 cm. camp. striate up to
umbo, hygr. dingy brown then paler; g. broadly sinuate with decurrent
tooth, tinged flesh colour; s. 7-12 cm. long, purplish brown, base
rooting; sp. 5 x 3.5.
[=laevigata=, Lasch. Constantly white. P. hemispher.-exp. obtuse, even
when dry; g. with decur. tooth, crowded, distinct, joined to a collar;
s. even, glabrous, lubricous, base strigose.
Requires to be carefully distinguished from white forms of _M.
galericulata_ and _M. rugosa_. S. lubricous when moist, not viscid.
[=lasiosperma=, Bres. Caespitose. P. thin, conico-campan. exp. umb. edge
then upturned, rather viscid, striate to umbo, livid grey with a grey
bloom at first; g. sinuato-unc. connected by veins, whitish then grey;
s. pallid above, chestnut and white-pruinose below; sp. globose,
aculeate, 6-7.
IV. FRAGILIPEDES. _Stem fragile, dry, juiceless. Pileus
hygrophanous. Gills often discoloured._
=atroalba=, Bolton. P. 2-3 cm. campan. obtuse, disc blackish or fuscous,
whitish towards striate margin; g. free, crowded, glaucous; s. 6-10 cm.
pallid, apex darker, base swollen, strigose; sp. ----.
=dissiliens=, Fr. Smell strong, very fragile, conico-camp. obtuse,
greyish-brown then pale, grooved to middle; g. broadest in front, base
tinged grey; s. 4-5 cm. subincurved, slightly striate, dusky grey, base
strigose; sp. ----.
When compressed the stem splits into pieces which curl outwards
elastically.
=atrocyanea=, Batsch. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex-camp. sulcate, dark brown then
blue-grey, powdered with white meal, deformed umbo obtuse; g. adnexed,
whitish; s. 3-4 cm. slender, glabrous, blackish-blue; sp. ----.
=pullata=, B. and Cke. Smell slightly nitrous. P. 1.5-2 cm. dark brown,
disc blackish, obtusely umb. striate to middle; g. white; s. 5-6 cm.
coloured like pileus, rooting; sp. 6 x 3.
_M. leucogala_ and _M. galopoda_ differ in white milk in stem.
_M. atrocyanea_ differs in dark blue tinge of p. and s.
[=cinerella=, Karst. Smell very strong of meal. P. campan. entirely
striate, grey or greyish-pallid; g. broadly adnato-decur. greyish-white;
s. greyish-white, base fibrillose, not rooting; sp. ----.
=psammicola=, B. and Br. Smell strong. P. 4-6 mm. hemispherical, brown,
paler towards striate margin, sprinkled with minute particles; g.
adnexed, sinuate; s. 1.5-2 cm. umber, paler upwards, everywhere
pulverulent; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. paupercula_ in pulverulent stem and pileus.
=paupercula=, B. Smell strong. P. 2-4 mm. conical, exp. pale ochraceous,
minutely fibrillose; g. free, whitish; s. 1-1.5 cm. slender, whitish,
rooting; sp. ----.
=leptocephala=, Pers. Smell strong, solitary, entirely grey. P. 2-2.5
cm. umb. sulcate, pruinose, opaque; g. emarginate; s. 4-5 cm. slightly
striate, opaque, dry; sp. ----.
=alcalina=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. obtuse, naked, deeply
striate when moist, shining when dry, pallid or tinged yellowish-green;
g. adnate; s. 4-7 cm. yellowish, viscid, glabrous, shining, base
villose; sp. 8 x 5.
=ammoniaca=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 1.5-2 cm. conico-exp. umb. naked,
discoid, opaque, dark brown or greyish, striate at paler margin; g.
adnate; s. even, glabrous, rooting, pallid, 4-5 cm.; sp. ----.
_M. alcalina_ differs in tufted habit, viscid stem with yellow tinge of
colour.
=metata=, Fr. Smell weak, alkaline, soft. P. obt. striate, hygr.
grey--rarely yellowish or pinkish--even, opaque, and whitish when dry;
g. adnate, not connected by veins, whitish; s. 4-7 cm. firm, even,
glabrous, base fibrillose; sp. ----.
=cinerea=, Mass. and Crossl. Entirely grey, smell strong, like radishes.
P. 1.5-2 cm. subgibbous, exp. pale, silky and even when dry; g. adnate;
s. 5-7 cm. glabrous, downy and white at base; sp. 8 x 5; cystidia
fusiform.
_M. leptocephala_ differs in sulcate p., and _M. metata_ in white gills.
_M. plumbea_ has no smell.
=plicosa=, Fr. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. plicato-sulcate, greyish brown, opaque
when dry; g. thick, distant, veined, grey; s. 3-4 cm. polished, greyish;
sp. globose, 4-5.
[=subplicosa=, Karst. P. campan. obtuse, with distant grooves, almost
plicate, glabrous, grey then pallid; g. adnate, whitish; s. rigid,
shining, hyaline or livid, base strigose not rooting; sp. 6-8 x 3-5.
=consimilis=, Cke. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. camp. grey, umbo darker, striate to
middle, margin upturned and splitting; g. adnexed, grey; s. 2.5-3.5 cm.
dry, smooth, paler than p.; sp. ----.
More or less resembling several species. _M. leptocephala_ and _M.
metata_ differ in strong smell. _M. peltata_ in orbicular plane pileus.
_M. rugosa_ differs in rugose pileus.
=peltata=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. orbicular, soon plane, disc fleshy, blackish
brown then grey, margin striate; g. with decurrent tooth, grey; s. 3-4
cm. even, glabrous, base downy; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. pelliculosa_ in absence of viscid pellicle.
=aetites=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. camp.-convex, coarsely striate, hygr. broad
obtuse umbo prominent, brownish; g. uncinate, thin, connected by veins;
s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, shining subcompressed; sp. ----.
=stannea=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. hygr. grey, even, and tin colour with a
silky sheen when dry; g. with decurrent tooth, connected by veins,
greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. even, shining, often compressed; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. vitrea_ in decurrent tooth to gills.
=vitrea=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. livid brown, finely striate all over, no
trace of umbo or fleshy disc; g. adnate, not connected by veins; s. 6-9
cm. slightly striate, polished, pale, base fibrillose; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. aetites_ and _M. stanneus_ in gills not having a
decurrent tooth and not connected by veins.
=tenuis=, Bolton. White, tufted. P. 1-1.5 cm. brittle, camp. obtuse,
then exp. striate; g. adnate; s. 5-7 cm. thin, pellucid, glabrous; sp.
----.
_M. gypsea_ differs in decurrent tooth of gills, and strigose base of
stem.
V. FILIPEDES. _Stem very slender, flaccid, rooting, dry, juiceless.
Gills discoloured, edge paler._
=filopes=, Bull. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate, livid grey; g.
free, white; s. 6-8 cm. flaccid, glabrous, rooting, base downy; sp.
----.
=iris=, B. P. 1-2 cm. exp. obtuse, slightly viscid, striate, blue when
young, then brownish with blue fibrils; g. free, tinged grey; s. 3-6 cm.
bluish below, tinged brown above, with scattered fascicles of down; sp.
----.
=amicta=, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. conico-camp. greyish, striate to middle,
dry, glabrous; g. free, grey; s. 6-10 cm. filiform, tough,
downy-pulverulent; sp. ----.
=plumbea=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex then flattened, obtuse, sulcate, lead
colour powdered with white meal; g. adnate horizontal, grey; s. 6-8 cm.
elongated, pulverulent, grey, apex hyaline, base strigose, fragile; sp.
----.
[=ianthina=, Fr. P. conical, striate all over, glabrous, lilac; g.
broadest in front, greyish-white; s. attenuated, flaccid, glabrous,
slightly striate, brownish lilac.
Differs from _P. pura_ in persistently conical pileus.
=urania=, Fr. P. camp. then convex, dark violet when young, then blue
becoming pale; g. uncinato-adnate, white; s. flaccid, even, glabrous,
base rather rooting, floccose.
=debilis=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp.-convex, striate, whitish or livid then
brownish, opaque, rugulose when dry; g. broadly adnate; s. 3-5 cm.
flaccid, base fibrillose not rooting; sp. ----.
[=lasiosperma=, Bres. P. striate, grey, umbo darker; g. greyish white;
s. white, pruinose, base brownish, strigosely rooting; sp. globose,
aculeate.
=vitilis=, Fr. P. 4-7 mm. conical then exp. papillate, deeply striate
when moist, brownish or greyish then pale; g. narrowed and adnate,
greyish white; s. 6-14 cm. livid, flexile, rooting; sp. ----.
Var. _amsegetes_, Secr. P. conico-campan. everywhere striate; g. not
connected by veins, edge entire; s. thicker, short.
[=latebricola=, Karst. P. campan. then plano-convex, disc depr. striate,
livid, fuscescent when dry; g. adnato-decurr., whitish; s. filiform,
tough, glabrous, pallid, root strigose; sp. ----.
[=canescens=, Weinm. P. hemispher. then plane, subumbil., white then
tinged grey; g. adnate, greyish; s. filiform, sooty grey, base
fibrillose.
=collariata=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, subumb. striate, brownish or
greyish then pale; g. adnate to a collar, whitish then tinged pink; s.
2-3 cm. pale, polished, tough; sp. ----.
[=cimmeria=, Fr. P. convex, slightly striate, dry, yellowish brown; g.
adnexed, saffron yellow, edge white; s. glabrous, fibrillosely rooting.
[=cladophylla=, Lev. P. camp.-convex, wavy, glabrous, greyish white,
shining; g. adnate, branched; s. naked, white, base brownish.
[=epiphloea=, Fr. P. persistently acutely conical, papillate, everywhere
striate, whitish, apex tinged brown; g. free, ventricose, distant; s.
diaphanous, pallid.
[=supina=, Fr. Small. P. obtuse, striate; g. almost free, ventricose,
white; s. short, incurved, tough, glabrous, white.
=speirea=, Fr. P. 1 cm. convex, dark disc becoming depr. greyish with
brown lines; g. plane then decurrent, shining white; s. 3-4 cm. tough,
polished, fibrillosely rooting; sp. ----.
=tenella=, Fr. Tufted. P. up to 1 cm. obtuse, whitish, pellucid, margin
striatulate; g. uncinate, white then pink; s. 2 cm. glabrous, base
downy; sp. ----.
Caespitose. Altogether white or livid-rosy. Pileus exceedingly delicate.
=acicula=, Schaeff. P. 2-3 mm. camp., orange red, margin striate; g.
yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellowish, base rooting; sp. ----.
Pileus at first subumbonate. Gills subovate, almost free, yellow then
pale.
VI. LACTIPEDES. _Gills and rooting stem dry, giving out milk when
broken._
=haematopoda=, Pers. Caespitose. P. 2-4 cm. camp. obtuse, edge
denticulate, reddish disc darker; g. adnate, whitish, edge the same; s.
4-5 cm. reddish, white pulverulent, containing dusky red juice.
=cruenta=, Fr. P. 1 cm. conico-camp. margin striate, edge entire,
reddish; g. adnate, entirely white; s. 4-7 cm. containing dusky red
juice; sp.
=sanguinolenta=, A. and S. P. 1 cm. convexo-camp. striate, reddish, edge
darker; s. 3-5 cm. reddish with dark red juice; sp. ----.
=crocata=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. conico-camp. umb. reddish; g. white; s.
7-12 cm. narrowed, downy rooting, containing saffron-red juice; sp.
----.
=chelidonia=, Sow. P. 1 cm. camp. then obtuse, nearly even, pinkish with
yellow tinge; g. adnate, tinged yellow; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, rooting,
often compr. with yellow juice; sp. 9-10 x 5.
=galopoda=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. striate sooty or greyish; g.
glaucous; s. slender, pallid, fibrillosely rooting, containing white
milk; sp. 9-10 x 5.
_M. leucogala_ differs in the grey gills.
=leucogala=, Cke. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. umb. sulcate, sooty or purple
brown; g. adnate, grey; s. 4-7 cm. dark with whitish down at base,
containing a large quantity of white milk; sp. ----.
_M. pullata_ and _M. atrocyanea_ differ in having no milk.
VII. GLUTINIPEDES. _Stem juiceless, viscid or glutinous._
=epiterygia=, Scop. P. 1-2.5 cm. camp. then exp. striate with a
separable viscid pellicle, greyish or greenish yellow; g. adnate; s. 5-9
cm. tough, glabrous, viscid, rooting, yellowish; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
Resembling _M. alcalina_, but no smell.
=clavicularis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. striate, dry, not pelliculose, disc
becoming depr. brownish, yellowish or pale; g. adnate, white; s. 4-5 cm.
glabrous, viscid, whitish, base fibrillose; sp. ----.
=pelliculosa=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, obtuse, finely striate, viscid
pellicle separable, grey or brownish; g. rather fold-like; s. 3-4 cm.
glabrous, viscid, livid; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. vulgaris_ in separable cuticle.
=vulgaris=, Pers. P. 5-8 mm. convex then depr. with central papilla,
viscid brownish or grey with darker lines; g. decur. white; s. viscid,
pale, fibrillosely rooting; sp. 5 x 2.5.
=citrinella=, Pers. P. 3-6 mm. viscid, camp. then exp. umb. yellow; g.
uncinate, white; s. 2 cm. tough, viscid, yellow; sp. 6-8 x 4-5.
=plicato-crenata=, Fr. P. 1 cm. conical, subumb. coarsely plicate, edge
crenate, pale yellow; g. white; s. 3-5 cm. viscid, tinged red or
brownish, inside yellow; sp. ----.
=rorida=, Fr. P. up to 1 cm. convex, umbil. sulcate, dry, pale ochre;
g. subdecur. white; s. 3-4 cm. whitish, very glutinous; sp. ----.
VIII. BASIPEDES. _Stem dry, base expanded into an orbicular disc or
bubillose and strigose_.
=stylobates=, Pers. White. P. 2-3 mm. obtuse, striate, subpilose; g.
free; s. 3-4 cm. filiform, glabrous, inserted on a plane, orbicular,
downy, striate disc; sp. 4 x 2.
[=dilatata=, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, edge slightly striate;
g. sublinear, connected into a collar; s. filiform, base orbicular,
convex, glabrous.
var. _clavicularis_. P. greyish, disc subrotund.
=tenerrima=, B. White. P. 2-3 mm. convex, scurfy; g. free; s. 2-3 cm.
minutely hairy below, fixed by a minute downy disc; sp. subgl. 3-4.
=discopoda=, Lev. White. P. 2-3 mm. conical, obtuse, with white meal; g.
adnate, distant; s. 2-3 mm. mealy, expanding at base into a minute downy
disc; sp. ----.
=saccharifera=, B. & Br. Whitish. P. 2-3 mm. convex; g. arcuately decur.
dusted with shining particles; s. 3-4 mm. filiform, minute disc fixed by
filaments; sp. ----.
var. _eclectica_, Buck. White. P. sulcate, and like gills and stem,
sparkling with granules.
[=mammillata=, Pass. P. conico-campan. mammilate, sulcate, glabrous,
shining white then greyish; g. adnate, broad; s. floccose below, base
ending in a flat orbicular disc.
[=mucor=, Batsch. Minute, fugacious. P. plicate, grey; g. adnate,
distant, greyish white; s. hyaline, white, inserted in an orbicular
disc.
[=echinipes=, Lasch. Minute, white. P. camp. hyaline, striate; g. thick,
distant; s. thickish, glabrous, base slightly bulbous, hairy.
=pterigena=, Fr. Pale rose colour. P. 1-2 mm. camp. obtuse; g. adnate,
broad, distant; s. 4-6 mm. thin, wavy, smooth, ending in a radially
strigose disc; sp. ----.
[=trachelina=, Fr. P. brown, fibrillose; g. adnate, broad
floccoso-fimbriate; s. villosely squamulose, bulbillose, strigosely
rooting.
[=cyanorhiza=, Q. P. striate, greyish white; g. broad, whitish; s.
greyish white, base somewhat swollen, hairy, blue.
IX. INSITITIAE. _Stem very slender, not rooting nor attached by a
disc but penetrating the substratum abruptly. Gills adnate._
=corticola=, Fr. P. 3-6 mm. obtuse, umbil. sulcate, blackish, brown,
grey, &c.; g. adnate, broad; s. 1.5 cm. slender, incurved, minutely
scurfy; sp. ----.
=hiemalis=, Osbeck. P. 4-7 mm. camp. umb. striate, pinkish, rufescent,
white, &c., often pruinose; g. narrow; s. 2-3 cm. curved, base downy;
sp. 7-8 x 3.
Differs from _M. corticola_ in narrow gills, and striate not sulcate
pileus.
=codoniceps=, Cke. P. 2-3 mm. high and 1.5 mm. broad, pale umber, not
exp. sulcate, delicately hairy; g. adnate; s. 4-7 mm. umber below; sp. 5
x 2.5.
=setosa=, Sow. White. P. 1 mm. obtuse, smooth, g. almost free; s. 2-3
cm. slender, covered with delicate spreading hairs; sp. ----.
=capillaris=, Fr. White. P. 2 mm. camp. obtuse, then umbil.; g. adnate,
few; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. hair-like, wavy, glabrous; sp. 7-8 x 4.
[=stipularis=, Fr. Very minute and delicate. P. convex subumbil. rosy,
as are also the gills; s. downy, yellowish.
=juncicola=, Fr. P. 2-3 mm. striate, glabrous, rufescent or rosy; g.
adnate, distant; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, fuscous; sp. ----.
COLLYBIA, Fr.
A. _Gills white or clear coloured, not grey; flesh white._
I. STRIAEPEDES. _Stem stout, hollow or loosely stuffed, sulcate or
fibrillosely striate._
* _Gills white, rather distant._
=radicata=, Relh. P. 3-7 cm. exp. gibbous, rugose, viscid, brownish
ochre; g. distant, white; s. 10-18 cm. attenuated upwards, glabrous,
rooting; 14-15 x 8-9.
=longipes=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. dry, minutely velvety, pale
brown; s. 8-12 cm. velvety, with a rooting base, brownish; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. velutipes_ in dry, velvety pileus.
=veluticeps=, Rea. P. 3-6 cm. velvety, tawny; g. sinnato-adnate, deep
ochre; st. 4-7 cm. fusiform, striate, slightly velvety, with
rhizomorphic mycelium; sp. 7-8 x 3-4.
Caespitose.
[=elevata=, Weinm. P. tough, exp. subfibrillose, umbo evanescent,
greyish white, shining, floccosely scaly; g. shining white then dingy;
s. long, striate, abruptly rooting.
=platyphylla=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. exp. obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate,
brown or greyish; g. truncate behind, white; s. 7-10 cm. striate,
pallid, base abrupt, with cord-like strands of mycelium; sp. 9-10 x 6.
var. _repens_, Ach. P. depr.; s. hollow, compr. apex pruinose,
rhizomorphic mycelium copious, anastomosing.
=semitalis=, Fr. P. 3-8 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, sooty or livid
ochraceous, pale when dry; g. white, blackish when bruised, finally
obscure; s. 2-4 cm. fibrillose, with a thin cartilaginous cuticle,
brownish or grey; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.
[=lentiniformis=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umbil. or depr. irreg. even,
glabrous, rufescent; g. almost free, crowded, white then spotted black;
s. apex thickened and silky, whitish, blackish when bruised; sp. 10-11 x
4-6.
Resembling _Lentinus cochleatus_ in form and colour.
[=concolor=, Del. White then tan. P. umboniform then exp. even, rarely
scaly; g. adnexed, pallescent; s. solid, equal, glabrous.
[=loripes=, Fr. Caespitose. P. exp. flexuose, lax, yellowish rufous,
even, glabrous; g. white then sulphur yellow; s. pallid, flexuous,
fibrillosely striate.
[=aerina=, Q. P. flexuous, tomentose, coppery olive; g. distant, yellow;
s. striate, orange yellow.
=fusipes=, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbo at length disappearing, rufous or
dingy tan, often cracked; g. adnexed, white then dingy; s. 7-10 cm.
ventricose, grooved, rooting, glabrous, cartilaginous; sp. 5-6 x 3-4.
Tufted. Edible.
var. _oedematopa_, Schaeff. Subcaespitose, p. conical then flattened,
rufous bay; g. pallid; s. ventricose, fibrillosely pulverulent.
var. _contorta_, Bull. Caespitoso-connate, pileus and twisted stem
thinner; g. crowded, white.
=lancipes=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. exp. umb. radiately rugulose, margin striate,
pale flesh colour then pallid; g. connected by veins, tinged flesh
colour; s. 4-6 cm. striate, narrowed towards rooting base; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. fusipes_ in rugulose pileus, and in growing singly.
=mimica=, W. G. Sm. Smell strong, fishy. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, with
separable cuticle, dingy ochraceous, as are the broad g.; s. narrowed
towards base, ochraceous, 4-5 cm.; sp. 8 x 4-5.
** _Gills crowded, narrow._
=maculata=, A. & S. White; P. 5-10 cm. obtuse, compact, becoming spotted
with rust colour; g. free, closely crowded; s. 7-12 cm. more or less
ventricose, grooved, narrowed below, spotted rusty; subgl. 4-6.
var. _immaculata_, Cke. Not becoming spotted; g. minutely serrulate.
var. _scorzonera_, Batsch. Smaller, yellowish, stem long, rooting, often
wavy; g. yellowish.
[=serpentina=, Otth. P. campan. yellowish white, glabrous, somewhat
shining, whitish, edge involute, white-fibrillose; g. crenulate,
whitish, becoming tinged red; s. whitish, striate, silky shining,
hollow, ending in a long contorted serpentine root running amongst
leaves.
=prolixa=, Fl. Dan. P. 7-10 cm. lax, exp. gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny
or brick red tinge; g. free, crowded, narrow, not spotted; s. solid,
subequal, not rooting, sulcate, brick-red, 7-9 cm.; sp. 8-9 x 5.
=distorta=, Fr. P. lax, 6-8 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, even, bay then pale;
g. narrow, much crowded, soon spotted red; s. 6-8 cm. narrowed from
ventricose base, sulcate, more or less twisted, pallid; sp. 6-7 x 4.
=butyracea=, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. even, glabrous, moist and
shining, reddish brown then pallid, flesh whitish; g. crenulate; s. 5-8
cm. conical, striate, rufous; sp. 7-9 x 4-5.
var. _bibulosa_, Mass. P. dingy olive at first.
var. _aurorea_, Larb. P. thinner, edge striate, flesh rufescent; s.
hollow.
[=funicularis=, Karst. (= _Coll. dryophila_, var. _funicularis_, Fr.).
P. rufous then pale, even; g. sulphur then pale; s. sulcate, apex
thickened, curved, yellowish white; sp. 6 x 2-3.
[=phaeopodia=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, moist, umbo evanescent, flesh
brownish, fuscous brown; g. white; s. blackish brown, thickened at both
ends.
[=epipphia=, Fr. P. discoid, viscid, striate to middle; g. white,
connected by veins; s. narrowed upwards, striate, white.
[=asema=, Weinm. P. thin, umb. hygr. livid, whitish when dry, flesh
watery, horny-grey near gills; g. crowded, entire, whitish; s. striate,
livid.
=stridula=, Fr. P. soft, soon exp. even, moist, hygr. blackish then
pale; g. arcuato-adnexed, white; s. fibrilloso-striate, livid brown.
Distinguished from _Trich. melaleucum_ by the dark stem.
[=pulla=, Schaeff. P. campan.-exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, hygr. purple
bay then pallid fuscous; g. transversely pellucidly striate, whitish; s.
twisted, soft.
=xylophila=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. lax, campan. then exp. gibbous, disc
brownish tan, rest paler; g. adnate, very narrow, much crowded; s. 4-5
cm. subflexuous, fibrillose, whitish; 4 x 2.5.
Caespitose. _C. confluens_ and _C. ingrata_ differ in downy stem.
[=jurana=, Q. P. thin, fleshy-buff colour, white floccose, margin
crenulate; g. whitish tinged flesh colour; s. fibrillose, whitish.
[=ramosa=, Bull. Pure white. P. exp. disc depr. slightly striate; g.
crowded; s. stuffed, subequal, rooting, glabrous.
[=strumosa=, Fr. White. P. wavy, glabrous, margin at first incurved and
downy; g. crowded; s. hollow, equal, flexuous, surface crisped and wavy,
striate.
[=globularis=, Weinm. White. P. globose, disc becoming plane and umbil.,
edge roundly incurved; g. adnate, crowded, broad; s. apex flocculose,
base tomentose.
II. VESTIPEDES. _Stem thin, equal, fistulose or medullate, even,
velvety, floccose or pruinose._
* _Gills broad, rather distant._
=velutipes=, Fr. 3-7 cm. exp. viscid, yellow, glabrous; g. yellowish; s.
5-10 cm. velvety, blackish brown below, rooting; sp. 7 x 3-3.5.
var. _rubescens_, Cke. P. tawny; g. ochraceous.
var. _lactea_, Q. P. white; g. broad; s. velvety.
=laxipes=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. obtuse, glabrous, moist, whitish; g. distant;
s. 6-12 cm. lax, stuffed, with rufous velvety down; sp. ----.
Much smaller and slenderer than _C. velutipes_.
[=declinis=, Weinm. P. conico-campan. umb. moist, at length rivulose,
pale fuscous; g. scarcely adnexed, pallid, edge floccoso-crenulate; s.
white, apex flocculoso-pulverulent.
[=Benoistii=, Boud. Soft. P. convex then plane, rather hygr. dark
purple-bay then paler, edge striate, pellucid; g. nearly free, whitish
then tinged purple-bay; s. bay, apex paler and scurfy, pale flocculose;
flesh coloured.
=floccipes=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. convex, umb. even, sooty brown then pale; g.
thick; s. 3-5 cm. whitish and rough with minute black points, rooting;
sp. ----.
[=trochila=, Lasch. P. convex, glabrous, umbilicately depr. discoid,
hyalino-striate, pallid fuscous; g. adnate, narrow; s. long, rigid,
blackish brown.
=vertiruga=, Cke. P. 1-2 cm. subpulverulent, exp. dull brown or grey,
radially wrinkled; g. adnate; s. 4-6 cm. tawny, minutely velvety, base
strigose; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. stipitaria_ in adnate gills and dingy pileus.
=stipitaria=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. umb. velvety-squamulose, whitish
with brown fibrils; g. ventricose; s. 2.5-5 cm. bay, fibrillose or
hairy; sp. ----.
[=Sobolewski=, Weinm. P. thin, hemispher. obtusely umb.
white-pulverulent, shining white then tinged rosy; g. free; s. slender,
tinged fuscescent, shining, white-fibrillose.
[=alumna=, Schum. White. P. thin, globose-campan. exp. glabrous,
striate; g. adnate, broad; s. subulate from thickened base, downy below.
Habitat on fungi like _C. tuberosa_, from which it differs in adnate
gills.
** _Gills very narrow, closely crowded._
=hariolorum=, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, dingy tan; g. white then
pallid; s. 5-7 cm. narrowed upwards, rufescent, woolly-hirsute; sp. 6-7
x 3-4.
=confluens=, Pers. P. 2-4 cm. obtuse, flaccid, glabrous, rufescent then
pallid; g. closely crowded; s. 6-12 cm. more or less compressed, rufous,
everywhere with white down; sp. subgl. 7-9.
Differs from _C. hariolorum_ in densely tufted habit.
=ingrata=, Schum. P. 2-3 cm. convex, umb. even, brownish tan; g. free,
pallid; s. 5-10 cm. twisted, subcompressed, with white meal above, umber
and naked below, equal; sp. ----.
[=lilacea=, Q. Subtomentose, lilac; p. thin, hoary; g. amethyst; s.
slender, base with white down.
[=lupuletora=, Weinm. P. exp. depr. even, glabrous, livid or pale tan
then pallid; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. not rooting, white and
pulverulently scaly above, brownish, glabrous, and narrowed below.
[=foetidissima=, Gill. Smell extremely foetid. P. convex, umbil. wavy,
yellowish white; g. whitish; s. white.
[=orbicularis=, Secr. P. exp. umb. brown, disc with small viscid
blackish warts; g. adnexed, crowded; s. rufescent with white meal.
[=myosura=, Fr. P. orbicular, exp. obtuse, rufous, becoming pale; g.
free, much crowded; s. rufescent, apex powdered, root long, glabrous.
=conigena=, Pers. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, reddish-yellow or pale;
g. free, much crowded, pallid; s. 3-7 cm. pulverulent, pallid, base
strigose, rooting; sp. 4-5 x 3.
Differs from _C. tenacella_ and _C. esculenta_ in free, crowded, narrow
gills.
var. _lutea_, Vogl. P. yellow; g. densely crowded, white.
=cirrhata=, Fr. 1-1.5 cm. exp. at length umbilicate, silky, opaque,
white; g. adnate; s. 2-5 cm. slender, wavy, whitish, with a downy root;
sp. 4-5 x 2-3.
Differs from _C. conigena_ in adnate gills, and from _C. tuberosa_ in
downy rooting stem not springing from a sclerotium.
=tuberosa=, Bull. P. about 1 cm. white, exp. umb. even; g. adnate; s.
1.5-4 cm. thin, white, root glabrous and springing from a sclerotium;
sp. 4-6 x 2-3.
=racemosa=, Pers. P. up to 1 cm. convex, papillate, grey, subtomentose;
g. adnate; s. 3-5 cm. base dark, springing from a blackish sclerotium;
several minute stems with abortive pilei often spring from the stem; sp.
----.
III. LAEVIPES. _Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked, glabrous
(except base), not conspicuously striate._
* _Gills broad, lax, usually more or less distant._
=collina=, Scop. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb., brownish then pale; g. adnexed
then free; s. 6-10 cm. equal, even, glabrous, base abrupt, downy; sp.
----.
=thelephora=, Cke. and Mass. P. 2-3 cm. camp. lax, umb. apiculate,
dingy ochraceous, disc darker; g. adnate; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow,
glabrous, base dark; sp. 9 x 7.
=ventricosa=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. camp. umb. glabrous, pale tan; g. with
rufous tinge; s. 6-10 cm. rufescent, base ventricose, rooting; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. dryophila_ in ventricose, rooting stem.
=leucomyosotis=, Cke. Strong scented, rather fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. exp.
grey then paler; g. adnate, sinuate, white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, brittle,
pallid; sp. 6 x 4.
=Stevensoni=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. obtuse, viscid, pale yellow; g.
broadly adnate, broad, white; s. 2-3 cm. rufous, equal, fibrillose,
rooting; sp. 10-11 x 7-8.
Differs from _C. esculenta_ in broad, adnate gills.
=psathyroides=, Cke. Ivory white. P. 1.5-2 cm. broad and nearly 2.5 cm.
high, camp. obtuse, rather viscid; g. broadly adnate, broad; s. 6-10 cm.
equal, straight, hollow; sp. 15 x 7.
=xanthopoda=, Fr. P. 2.5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, lax, yellow or tan
colour then pale; g. truncate behind; s. 6-10 cm. equal, hollow, tough,
glabrous, yellowish, strigosely rooting; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. dryophila_ in umbo, broad gills, and strigosely rooting
stem.
=nitellina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. even, shining, tawny, hygroph.; g.
adnate, white then tinted; s. 5-8 cm. equal, rigid, glabrous, tawny; sp.
----.
=succinea=, Fr. P. 2-2.5 cm. even, exp. then subdepressed, pale rufous,
often cracked; g. adnexed, broad, thickish, serrulate; s. 2-4 cm.
polished, rufescent, not rooting; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. dryophila_ by broader, thicker, less crowded gills, and
from _C. xanthopoda_ by absence of an umbo.
=nummularia=, Bull. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subdepressed round small umbo,
pallid; g. free; s. 3-5 cm. glabrous, pallid, apex thickened; sp. ----.
=esculenta=, Wulf. P. 1-2 cm. orbicular, exp. obtuse, glabrous, pallid
tan; g. adnate, lax, whitish; s. 2.5 cm. indistinctly hollow, even,
polished, yellowish tan, rooting, base glabrous; sp. ----.
_C. tenacella_ differs in fibrillose rooting base, and snow-white gills.
=tenacella=, Pers. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, brownish
then pale; g. broad, snow-white; s. 5-10 cm. narrowly fistulose,
straight, even, glabrous, tawny, long root strigose; sp. 5-6 x 3.
var. _stolonifer_, Jungh. P. springing from a long, creeping, cord-like
mycelium.
=eustygia=, Cke. Smell of rancid meal. P. 2-4 cm. exp. subdepr. often
wavy, whitish, shining when dry; g. dark grey; s. 4-7 cm. white above
and sprinkled with pointed scales; darker below, rooting; sp. subgl.
4-5.
[=rhodella=, Pat. P. thin, convexo-plane, reddish-brown, disc rugulose,
edge striate; g. adnate, distant, white, tinged pink; s. tinged brown,
twisted, wavy.
=retigera=, Bres. P. 3-6 cm. campan.-exp. umb. dry, glabrous,
fuscous-grey then pale, centre somewhat tawny, raised veins forming a
network on the surface; g. broad, edge paler, fimbriate; s. 4-6 cm.
pallid, whitish fibrillose, often compressed, somewhat rooting; sp.
----.
[=plumipes=, Kalchb. P. campan. exp. subumb. slightly innato-fibrillose,
livid fuscous, shining; g. broad, white; s. glabrous, white, base
fibrilloso-strigose.
Differs from _C. conigena_ in glabrous s. and broad g.
[=planipes=, Brig. Caespitose. P. orbicular, exp. rather viscid, bay; g.
free; s. colour of p., rooting.
[=Gussonei=, Inzeng. P. convex, subumb., rather striate, brick-red, edge
dingy yellow; g. adnate, broad, crimson; s. compr. ochre with a crimson
zone.
** _Gills narrow, crowded._
=acervata=, Fr. Caespitose. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, then umb., reddish
then pale; g. free, narrow, closely crowded; s. 4-9 cm. equal, glabrous,
rufous, base downy, rooting; sp. 7-8 x 3.5.
Differs from _C. confluens_ in glabrous stem, and from _Marasmius
erythropus_ in narrow, closely crowded gills.
=dryophila=, Bull. P. 2.5 cm. obtuse, then subdepr. reddish or pale tan,
even; g. sinuate, crowded, narrow; s. 2-4 cm. hollow, glabrous,
rufescent or yellowish; sp. 7-8 x 4.
=aquosa=, Fr. Every part honey-colour. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, hygr. margin
striate; g. rounded and free, crowded; s. 3-6 cm. polished, surface
slightly wavy; sp. 6 x 4.
var. _Bulliardii_. P. reddish ochre then pale; s. tawny.
=extuberans=, Fr. P. 2-3.5 cm. exp. umb. prominent, bay or umber; g.
crowded, narrow; s. 4-7 cm. equal, straight, glabrous, pallid, rooting;
sp. ----.
=exsculpta=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, persistently tawny brown;
g. closely crowded, sulphur-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. yellow; sp. ----.
[=luteifolia=, Gill. P. exp. edge lobed, irreg. reddish or cinnamon; g.
sulphur yellow; s. glabrous, colour of p.
[=cinnamomaeifolia=, Gill. P. convex, subdepr. with a slight umbo,
whitish yellow; g. crowded, pale cinnamon; s. reddish.
=macilenta=, Fr. Entirely yellow. P. 2-2.5 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous;
g. linear; s. minutely fistulose, glabrous, tough, rooting, 2-3 cm.; sp.
5-6 x 3.
=clavus=, L. P. 2-6 mm. obtuse, even, orange-red, shining; g. crowded,
white; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, whitish, glabrous; sp. 4 x 2.5.
_Mycena acicula_ differs in yellow gills and rooting stem.
=ocellata=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. disc depr. round pale small umbo,
rufous or yellowish; g. crowded, white; s. 3-5 cm. slender, tough,
glabrous, tinged fuscous, base rooting, fibrillose; sp. ----.
Distinguished from _C. cirrhata_ by glabrous stem.
[=floridula=, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, slightly striate, tinged flesh colour
then pale; g. pale rose colour; s. pellucid, white.
[=Micheliana=, Fr. Pure white. P. obtuse, margin slightly striate; g.
adnexed, crowded; s. thin, glabrous, base slightly thickened.
=muscigena=, Schum. Pure white. P. 2-4 mm. obtuse, even; g. adnate; s.
1.5-2.5 cm. very slender, wavy, equal, glabrous; sp. ----.
Known from small sp. of _Mycena_ by the broadly adnate gills and even
pileus.
[=ludia=, Fr. Pure white. P. subumb. exp. revolute, undulate and irreg.
lobed, even; g. rather distant; s. slender, wavy, naked, root creeping,
branched, fibrillose.
B. _Gills grey._
IV. TEPHROPHANAE. _Brown or greyish._
* _Gills crowded, rather narrow._
=rancida=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-5 cm. umb. dusky grey with a white
silkiness; g. free, narrow, grey; s. 7-12 cm. glabrous, grey, rooting;
sp. 7-10 x 4-5.
Distinguished among strong-smelling species by the rooting stem.
[=ignobilis=, Karst. P. plane, subdepr. edge spreading, livid, hoary,
pale when dry; g. crowded, dingy pallid; s. livid, floccosely pruinose;
sp. 7-8 x 4.
[=daemonica=, Karst. P. convex then exp. subumb. glabrous, rather
virgate, livid fuscous, disc blackish, pale when dry; g. adnate,
crowded, smoky, blackish when bruised; s. equal, glabrous, wavy,
fibrillosely striate, pallid, apex white flocculose; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
=coracina=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 2-3 cm. exp. naked, hygr. brownish then
grey; g. greyish-white; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, rigid, not rooting, brown,
apex mealy-squamulose; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. rancida_ in the short stem thickened at base, and not
rooting; _C. ozes_ differs from present in long, slender, flexuous stem.
=ozes=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. exp. umb. naked, glabrous, hygr.
margin striate, greyish brown; g. adnexed, grey then olive; s. 6-10 cm.
subflexuous, slender, fragile, slightly striate, grey, apex with white
meal; sp. ----.
_C. rancida_ differs in free gills and rooting stem.
[=mephitica=, Fr. Smell strong. P. exp. subumb. even, adpressedly
innately silky, whitish; g. obtusely adnate, crowded, whitish; s.
filiform, obsoletely fistulose, tough, grey, pruinosely velvety.
=inolens=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. umb. glabrous, livid or pale tan; g.
adnexed, greyish-white; s. 5-9 cm. livid, undulate, base white-strigose,
apex white squamulose; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.
_C. plexipes_ and _C. protracta_ differ in having the stem glabrous at
the apex.
=plexipes=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. camp. rather rugulose, slightly striate,
glabrous, sooty; g. free; s. 5-7 cm. livid, silky fibrillose, rooting;
sp. 8-9 x 5.
Differs from _C. protracta_ in free gills.
[=miser=, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous, margin striate; g. adnate, grey; s.
fuscous, apex mealy.
[=atramentosa=, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rugulose, livid then sooty,
flesh black; g. narrow, becoming blackish; s. naked, colour of p.
[=fuliginaria=, Weinm. P. fuscous, with down; g. glaucous; s. fuscous,
flocculose.
=atrata=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. pitch-black then brown, even, exp. or depr.
margin arched; g. adnate; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, glabrous, brown outside and
inside; sp. ----.
=ambusta=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. papillate, slightly striate, glabrous,
livid brown; g. adnate, tinged fuscous; s. 1.5-2 cm. somewhat stuffed,
tough, livid; sp. 5-6 x 3-4.
Differs from _C. atrata_ in umbonate pileus.
** _Gills very broad, more or less distant._
=lacerata=, Lasch. P. 2.5-3.5 cm. camp. moist, streaked dark brown on
pale ground; g. adnexed, broad, thick, greyish; s. 5-9 cm. twisted,
fibrous, apex floccose; sp. ----.
[=phalliodorus=, Alex. Foetid, convex, subumbilicate, at length lobed,
dingy ochraceous; g. adnate, white; s. glabrous.
=murina=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous then rugulosely
squamulose, dark brown then pale; g. slightly adnexed, broad; s. 5-7 cm.
hollow, cylindrical, not rooting, grey; sp. 7 x 4.
Somewhat resembling _C. atrata_, differing in very broad almost free
gills.
[=glacialis=, Fr. P. watery, fragile, obtuse, dusky fuscous then pale;
g. free, grey; s. grey, naked.
=protracta=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. shining, disc fleshy, depressed,
subpapillate, greyish brown, margin striate; g. broad, grey; s. 5-7 cm.
glabrous, root long fibrillosely strigose; sp. ----.
=tesquorum=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. plane, obtuse, even, blackish then pale;
g. free, greyish brown; s. 3-5 cm. thin, brown, apex pruinose; sp. ----.
[=cessans=, Karst. P. exp. then depr. glabrous, striate, pallid fuscous
then pale and hoary, sublubricous; g. adnate, then adnato-decur.
connected by veins, whitish; s. solid, pallid, apex pruinose.
=clusilis=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. umbilicate, glabrous, hygr. livid then
pale; g. arcuately adfixed, semicircular, broad; s. 2-4 cm. glabrous,
pallid, not rooting; sp. ----.
Differs from _C. tylicolor_ and _C. nummularia_ in umbilicate pileus,
and decurrent tooth to gills.
[=erosa=, Fr. P. exp. striate, hygr. silky when dry, grey; g. broadly
emarginate, greyish; s. greyish-white, glabrous.
=tylicolor=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. even, glabrous, bluish-grey,
with white meal when young; g. free, distant, broad, grey; s. 2-3 cm.
pulverulent, grey; sp. ----.
_Introduced species._
=Dorotheae=, B. P. 2 cm. globose then exp. subumb. dark brown then
paler, sulcate, squarroso-setulose; g. white, distant; s. 5-6 cm.
slender, minutely discoid at base, granulated like pileus and beset with
white bristles.
=caldarii=, B. P. 1 cm. hemispherical, umb. brown, rugose; g. grey; s.
4-5 cm. pale grey, cartilaginous; sp. ----.
MARASMIUS, Fr.
A. COLLYBIA. _Margin of pileus incurved at first. Stem
cartilaginous; mycelium floccose._
I. SCORTEI. _Stem solid, or stuffed then hollow, fibrous inside;
outside villose over the cartilaginous cortex. Gills becoming
free._
* _Base of stem strigosely woolly._
=urens=, Fr. P. Acrid. 4-7 cm. exp. glabrous, even, pinkish buff, pale
when dry; g. free, becoming brownish, at length remote; s. 5-7 cm.
everywhere covered with white farinose down; sp. 8 x 4.
The acrid taste separates this sp. from _M. oreades_.
[=subannulatus=, Trog. P. plane or depr. even, yellowish; g. adnate,
reddish then brownish; s. with an incomplete ring about the middle, base
with white down.
=peronatus=, Fr. Acrid. P. exp. reddish brown, then tan colour, becoming
lacunose, margin striate; g. adnexed, seceding, pallid then rufescent;
s. 3-5 cm. villosely downy, lower portion coarsely strigose, yellowish;
sp. 10 x 6-7.
=porreus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2-5 cm. dingy yellowish then paler,
striate, disc even, flaccid; g. distant, firm, yellow then pale; s. 2-4
cm. reddish-brown, pubescent; sp. subgl. 4.
Differs from _M. prasiosmus_ in yellowish gills and stem everywhere
pubescent.
[=mulleus=, Fr. Mild. P. plane or depr. even, yellow brown then paler;
g. citrin; s. bay towards fusiform rooting base, with a purplish
tomentose ring.
[=Queletii=, Schulz. White. P. diaphanous, umb.; g. free, white; s.
stuffed; with grey rooting mycelium.
[=foeniculaceus=, Fr. P. tough, convex-umb. then plano-depr. pallid then
white; g. broad, thick, adnex. distant, whitish; s. fibrous, glabrous,
base abrupt, with rufous fibres. Used as a condiment.
** _Base of stem naked, often formed of twisted fibres._
=oreades=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. subumb. glabrous, brownish then pale; g. free,
broad, distant, pale; s. 3-6 cm. pallid, everywhere with a downy
surface; sp. 8 x 5. Edible.
[=globularis=, Fr. P. globose campan. umb. hygrophanous, pellucidly
striate; g. free, white then dingy; s. pulverulent, white.
=plancus=, Fr. P. 2-... cm. pliant, plane or depr. even, rufescent then
pale; g. narrow, tinged ochraceous-brown; s. 3-5 cm. with white down,
base narrowed, naked; sp. ----.
Differs from _M. oreades_ in narrower, darker coloured gills.
[=pyramidalis=, Fr. P. umb. shining, dingy brown then pale; g. arcuately
adnexed, white then reddish; s. narrowed upwards, flocculose, whitish,
rooting.
=scorteus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. pallid, exp. obtuse, even, wrinkled; g.
broad, distant, white; s. 2-4 cm. obsoletely hollow, equal, tinged
fuscous, glabrous, apex slightly mealy; sp. 8 x 6.
Resembling _M. oreades_, but smaller and stem glabrous.
II. TERGINI. _Stem rooting, distinctly tubular, not fibrous,
evidently cartilaginous. Gills becoming free._
* _Stem woolly below, glabrous above._
=prasiosmus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1.5-2 cm. pale yellow or whitish
disc, often darker, wrinkled, g. adnexed; s. 4-7 cm. pallid and glabrous
above, thickened and subtomentose below and brownish; sp. 14-15 x 7.
Differs from _M. porreus_ in white gills and estriate pileus.
=varicosus=, Fr. P. 1.5-3 cm. reddish brown, plane or depr. wavy,
subumb. darker when dry; g. closely crowded, very narrow; s. 5-8 cm.
reddish, with red juice, base with reddish down; sp. 4 x 3.
=fuscopurpureus=, Fr. 2-2.5 cm. exp. often umbilicate, purplish brown
then pale; g. attached to collar then free, tinged reddish; s. 2.5-7 cm.
dry, dingy purple, base with reddish down; sp. 4-3.
=terginus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. obtuse, shining, reddish, then pale,
striate at margin; g. narrow, free; s. 5-8 cm. glabrous, shining,
pallid, reddish below with white down, rooting; sp. 6-7 x 4.
Much like _M. prasiosmus_ and _M. porreus_, differing from both in
absence of smell.
[=gelidus=, Q. P. campan. exp. thin, rugosely striate, pruinose,
translucent; g. free, hyaline or tinged rose; s. filiform, striate,
pruinosely-pubescent, base cottony, recurved; sp. 7-8.
[=putillus=, Fr. P. rufescent then tan; g. rufous, margin paler, entire;
s. short, rufescent, abrupt base with white down.
[=carpathicus=, Kalchb. P. exp. subumb. rather viscid, brownish, hygr.
edge striatulate; g. rotundato-adnexed, pallid; s. even, naked above,
pallid, rest bay, white downy base rooting.
** _Stem (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety._
=Wynnei=, B. and Br. P. 2.5-4 cm. soon plane, subumb. lilac-brown; g.
adnexed, lilac; s. 3-6 cm. paler than p., scurfy; 7-8 x 4.
=erythropus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. obtuse, even, then rugulose, pallid; g.
broad, lax, pallid, connected by veins; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, striate,
glabrous, dark red, base with white down; sp. 8-10 x 5-6.
Differs from _Collybia acervata_ by the broad distant gills.
[=dispar=, Fr. P. subumb. whitish, margin striate; g. nearly free,
crowded, narrow; s. purplish-brown, pruinose, base with white down.
=archyropus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. plane or depr. glabrous, pallid; g.
crowded, linear, pallid; s. 6-10 cm. rigid, straight, pale rufescent,
coated with white down, base similar; sp. subgl. 4-5.
Differs from _M. terginus_ in tufted habit, and from _M. prasiosmus_ in
absence of smell.
=torquescens=, Q. P. 1-1.5 cm. plane, rugosely striate, pallid; g. free;
s. 4-5 cm. brown, minutely velvety, apex pale and glabrous; sp. 5 x 4.
=impudicus=, Fr. Smell foetid. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. rugulosely striate,
reddish bay, then pale; g. tinged red then pale; s. 3-5 cm. equal,
purplish, covered with white down when dry, base naked, rooting; sp. 8 x
4-5.
Differs from _M. foetidus_ in free gills.
[=saxatilis=, Fr. P. depr. striate, reddish; g. adnate, white; s.
glabrous, apex pruinose, reddish.
III. CALOPODES. _Stem short, not rooting, entering matrix abruptly,
often with a small floccose tubercle at base. Gills adnate then
subdecur. when p. expands._
* _Stem very glabrous upwards, shining, base simple._
=scorodonius=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 1.5-2 cm. soon plane, dry, rufous
then pale, wrinkled; g. adnate, whitish; s. 2.5-4 cm. equal, everywhere
glabrous, shining, rufous; sp. 6 x 4.
=calopus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. exp. even then wrinkled, glabrous, whitish;
g. emarginately adnexed; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, glabrous, bay, shining, not
rooting; 7 x 4.
Habit of _M. scorodonius_, but no smell.
=Vaillantii=, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. depr. plicately rugose, whitish; g.
broad, subdecurrent; s. 2-2.5 cm. glabrous, bay, apex paler and
thickened; sp. 10 x 6.
_M. impudicus_ differs in purplish stem with white down when dry. _M.
foetidus_ differs in strong smell.
=angulatus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. soon exp. at length folded and angular,
whitish or tinge of tawny; g. distant; s. 2-3 cm. greyish rufescent,
thickened at both ends; sp. 7 x 4.
Closely resembling _M. Curreyi_ and _M. graminum_; differs from former
in ventricose gills not attached to a collar; from the latter in the
gills not being attached to a collar. _M. calopus_ differs in the
shining, bay stem.
[=Kirchneri=, Thurn. P. often umb. pallid whitish brown; g. subdecur.
distant, whitish fuscous; s. filiform, glabrous, brown.
=languidus=, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. umbil. flocculose, rugosely sulcate,
whitish tinged yellow or flesh colour; g. narrow; s. 2-3 cm. thickened
upwards, pale, naked, base tawny; sp. 6-7 x 4.
=rubricatus=, Mass. P. up to 1 cm. soon plane, whitish tinged red; g.
adnexed, white then brownish; s. 1-2 cm. slender, incurved, hollow; sp.
6 x 3.
** _Stem velvety pruinose, base subtuberculose._
=foetidus=, Fr. Foetid. P. 2-3 cm. exp. and umbil. or wavy,
striato-plicate, tawny bay or rufous, pruinose when dry; g. rufescent
with a yellow tinge; s. 2-3 cm. hollow, bay, minutely velvety; sp. 7 x
4.
=inodorus=, Pat. P. thin, exp. reddish brown with adpr. silky down; g.
adnate, crowded, whitish; s. blackish red, apex pale, entirely covered
with white bloom.
Differs from _M. foetidus_ in absence of smell.
[=xerotoides=, Tr. P. umbilicate, umber, striate; g. broadly adnate,
becoming greyish; s. velvety, base thickened, strigose.
[=lagopinus=, Fr. P. convex, even, glabrous, pallid; g. adnate, pallid;
s. pallid, white floccose half way up, apex naked.
=amadelphus=, Fr. P. 3-4 mm. soon plane, disc slightly pruinose, margin
at length striate, pale reddish-yellow; g. broadly adnate, broad; s.
pallid, bay below, slightly pruinose 1-1.5 cm.; sp. 4 x 2.5.
var. _insignis_. G. very distant, pale umber.
=ramealis=, Fr. P. 2-4 mm. opaque, rugulose, not striate, white, disc
often tinged rufescent; g. rather distant, narrow, white, adnate; s. 1
cm. white, mealy, base darker; sp. 4 x 2.
=candidus=, Bolt. Entirely white. P. up to 0.5 cm. pellucid, wrinkled,
naked; g. adnexed; s. 1-2 cm. whitish, slightly pruinose, base tinged
brownish; sp. 4 x 2.
B. MYCENA. _Stem horny, fistulose but often with a pith, tough,
dry, mycelium rhizomorphoid, cortex not floccose, edge of pileus
straight and adpressed to stem at first._
I. CHORDALES. _Stem rigid, rooting, or adnate by a dilated base._
=alliaceus=, Fr. Smell of garlic. P. 2.4 cm. subumb. even then striate
or sulcate, greyish; g. free; s. 6-10 cm. minutely velvety, blackish;
sp. 14-16 x 8.
=molyoides=, Fr. Smell somewhat unpleasant. P. soon plane, even,
brownish then pale; g. free, crowded, white; s. tall, hollow, glabrous,
blackish brown.
[=chordalis=, Fr. P. plicate, brownish; g. adnato-decurrent, white; s.
elongated, straight, velvety, blackish brown, stuffed, rooting.
=cauticinalis=, Fr. P. about 1 cm. yellowish, even then striato-sulcate;
g. adnato-decur. connected by veins, yellow; s. 3-6 cm. flocculose, bay,
paler and mealy upwards; sp. 7 x 3-5.
[=schizopus=, Secr. P. very thin, campan. plicato-sulcate, whitish; g.
thick, distant, white, with a collar; s. whitish, base a darker dilated
tubercle.
[=torquatus=, Fr. P. campan. sulcate, whitish; g. thick, attached to a
collar; s. whitish, with a darker tubercular dilated base.
II. ROTULAE. _Stem filiform, flaccid, base entering matrix
abruptly._
* _Stem very glabrous, shining._
=rotula=, Fr. P. 4-7 mm. umbilicate, plicate, whitish or disc slightly
tinged; g. attached to a free collar encircling the stem; s. 2-4 cm.
glabrous, blackish, shining; sp. 6 x 3-4.
[=littoralis=, Q. P. umbil. plicate, white; g. free, distant; s. horny,
umber, apex pale, base downy.
=graminum=, Berk. P. up to 1 cm. umb. striate or sulcate, pale rufous,
disc darker; g. attached to a collar encircling stem, few in number; s.
2-4 cm. black, shining, glabrous, apex paler; sp. subgl. 3-4.
[=epodius=, Bres. P. convexo-campan. exp. usually umb. and depr. edge at
first incurved, sulcate, centre usually reticulated, reddish-yellow then
pale; g. free, white then yellowish; s. very glabrous, rufescent then
bay, apex hyaline, base bulbillose substrigose; sp. 20-28 x 2.5-4.
[=Menieri=, Boud. P. 1-3 mm. excentric, broadly subumb. punctulate
tawny; g. fold-like, few, branched, paler than p.; s. curved, tawny,
base black; sp. 18-25 x 5-7.
[=faveolaris=, Fr. P. sulcate, exp. disc coloured; g. attached to a
ring, anastomosing to form cells; s. glabrous, subulate, bay below.
=androsaceus=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. whitish, umbilicate striate; g. adnate
to stem; s. 3-6 cm. black, glabrous, polished; sp. 7 x 3-4.
[=sclerotipes=, Bres. P. thin, convex, edge incurved then plane,
ruguloso-striate, shining white, umbil. yellowish, subflocculose; g.
distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate; s. filiform, tinged rufescent
downwards, adnate to a rufescent sclerotium.
Passed as _Collybia cirrhata_ very frequently. The latter differs in not
springing from a sclerotium. _Collybia tuberosa_ differs in growing on
fungi.
[=Bulliardi=, Q. P. plicate, dingy yellow brown; g. whitish; s. bay.
=splachnoides=, Fr. Inodorous. P. up to 1 cm. whitish, subumbilicate,
striate; g. subdecurrent; s. 2-4 cm. polished, reddish-brown; sp. 8 x 5.
Similar in habit to _M. perforans_, but no smell, and white subdecurrent
gills.
[=limosus=, Q. Very minute. P. plicate, diaphanous, whitish; s.
capillary, brownish.
=flosculus=, Q. P. white, umbil. sulcate; g. adnate, white; s. short,
incurved, bay, apex pale.
=Curreyi=, B. & Br. P. up to 1 cm. pale rufous, coarsely striate, umb.
tawny; g. attached to collar; s. 2-3 cm. polished, blackish, apex white;
sp. 9 x 5-6.
** _Stem velvety or pilose._
=perforans=, Fr. Foetid. P. up to 1 cm. whitish or tinged rufous, plane,
not striate, rugulose; g. adnate; s. 2-3 cm. minutely velvety, blackish
brown; sp. 4 x 3.
=insititius=, Fr. Inodorous. P. 1-1.5 cm. subumbilicate, at length
plicate, pale yellow-brown then whitish; g. broadly adnate, simple,
unequal, distant; s. 2-3 cm. floccose or scurfy, reddish-brown; sp. 4 x
2.5.
=Hudsoni=, Pers. P. 2-3 mm. rugulose, tinged brown, covered with
spreading purplish hairs; g. white; s. 1-1.5 cm. with hairs like the
pileus; sp. 5 x 3.
[=buxi=, Fr. P. sulcate, minutely squamulose, tawny; g. few; s. blackish
purple, pilose below, glabrous above.
=epichloe=, Fr. P. 4-5 mm. plane, papillate, even, whitish, disc darker;
g. broadest behind; s. 2-3 cm. bay, coarsely striate, striae setulose;
sp. 3 x 2.
=actinophorus=, B. & Br. P. 2-3 mm. umbilicate, pale bay with darker
radiating lines, wrinkled when dry; g. adnexed; s. 1-2 cm. paler than
pileus; sp. subgl. 3-4.
=saccharinus=, Batsch. P. 2-4 mm. subpapillate, glabrous, sulcate,
whitish; g. broadly adnate, connected by veins; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. reddish,
minutely flocculose, then almost glabrous; sp. 5 x 3.
Resembling _M. polyadelphus_, but not clustered, and papillate pileus.
=epiphyllus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. umbilicate, wrinkled, white; g. adnate,
distant, veined; s. 3-5 cm. bay, minutely velvety, apex pale; sp. 3 x 2.
C. APUS. _Pileus sessile, resupinate._
=spodoleucus=, B. & Br. P. 4-5 mm. shell-shaped, resupinate, sessile,
grey, slightly pulverulent; gills few, white.
[=recubans=, Q. P. hemisph. sulcate, white; g. white; s. capillary,
villose, brown.
LACTARIUS, Fr.
* _Milk yellow, acrid._
[=resimus=, Fr. P. fleshy, umbil. then infundib. even, glabrous, viscid,
white or pallid, edge incurved and tomentose then spreading and naked;
g. decur. white; s. stout, hollow, villose; milk soon sulphur colour;
sp. 8-10 x 6-7.
=scrobiculatus=, Scop. P. 10-20 cm. yellowish, depr. zoneless, incurved
margin fibrillose; g. decur. whitish; s. 4-8 cm. stout, yellow, pitted;
milk soon sulphur yellow; sp. subgl. echin. 7-8. (10-12 x 8-9 Sacc.)
=chrysorrheus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. umbil. then infundib. pale yellowish
flesh colour, zoned; g. yellowish; s. white, 3-4 cm.; milk white then
golden yellow; sp. 6-7.
=intermedius=, Kromb. P. 10-14 cm. infundib. viscid, ochraceous,
incurved margin tomentose at first; g. decur.; s. 3-5 cm. stout,
yellowish, pitted; milk soon yellowish; sp. ----.
Differs from _L. scrobiculatus_ in infundibiliform pileus.
=theiogalus=, Bull. P. 3-6 cm. depr. viscid, tawny rufous; g. pale
rufescent; s. 3-5 cm. colour of p.; milk white then sulphur yellow,
becoming acrid; sp. 7-8.
Agrees with _L. chrysorrheus_ in yellow milk, but differs in tawny
rufous stem.
** _Milk violet._
+ _Milk acrid._
=aspideus=, Fr. Dingy straw colour. P. 5-9 cm. zoneless, convex then
depr. at first with white down; g. narrow, thickish; s. 5-7 cm.
glabrous, dry; milk white soon becoming lilac; sp. echin. 8-10.
Differs from _L. uvidus_ in narrow gills.
=uvidus=, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. thin, depr. zoneless, dingy tan; g. broad,
white; s. 5-8 cm. viscid, pallid; milk white soon lilac; sp. 9-10. (5-6
Sacc.)
[=flavidus=, Boud. P. exp. viscid pale primrose yellow; g. whitish; s.
solid, white with yellow tinge; milk white then deep violet; sp. 6-7.
++ _Milk sweet._
[=violascens=, Fr. P. depr. glabrous, grey with darker zones; g. white;
s. solid, greyish white; milk violet.
*** _Milk reddish, saffron, or brownish._
+ _Milk acrid._
=deliciosus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. convex, umbil. dusky orange, zoned; g.
subdecurrent, orange; s. 3-6 cm. smooth; milk saffron red; sp. 9-10 x
7-8. Every part becoming red then greenish when bruised; sp. 7-10.
Edible.
[=flammeolus=, Fr. P. subumb. not zoned, flame coloured; g. adnate,
yellow; s. hollow, pale orange; milk reddish, slowly acrid.
Differs from _L. mitissimus_ in red milk.
=acris=, Fr. P. 6-7 cm. soon infundib. viscid, sooty grey; g. pale
yellow; s. often excentric, pallid, narrowed below; milk white then
reddish; sp. 8-9 x 6-8.
=fuliginosus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. soon depr. obtuse, even, at first with
sooty-brown powder, then naked and greyish tan; g. adnate, white then
tan; s. 6-8 cm. stuffed, naked, greyish tan; milk and flesh white then
reddish-yellow; sp. 8-9.
Distinguished from allies by pileus not being velvety.
[=fuscus=, Roll. Caespitose, scented. P. exp. and slightly depr. round
the umb. edge grooved, fibrillose or squamulose, sooty grey or dingy
violet, often zoned; g. forked, pallid then ochre; s. firm ochre or
tinged red, pruinose.
[=argematus=, Fr. White. P. thin, exp. glabrous, edge even; g. adnate,
crowded; s. stuffed, short, glabrous; milk slowly acrid, white then
rufescent.
++ _Milk mild._
=retisporus=, Mass. P. 5-8 cm. depr. smoky brown, velvety, radially
rugulose, minutely velvety; g. deeply sinuate, pale ochre; s. 3-5 cm.
glabrous, paler than p.; milk white then brown; sp. globose, 10-11, with
a raised network.
Close to _L. ligniotus_, differing especially in the spores.
[=sangifluus=, Fr. P. depr. even, not zoned, blood-red; s. narrowed
upwards, paler; g. thin, white; milk blood-red; sp. 10.
**** _Milk becoming grey._
=vietus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. subumb. then plane and umbil. flesh colour,
pale and silky when dry; g. subdecurrent; 4-6 cm. soon hollow, livid;
milk white then grey, becoming acrid; sp. 7-8.
[=musteus=, Fr. P. convex then depr. zoneless, very viscid when moist,
gilvous then pallid; g. closely crowded, whitish; s. short, whitish;
milk scanty, slightly acrid, whitish then grey, as is the flesh when
cut; sp. 6-9.
***** _Milk becoming glaucous-green._
=glaucescens=, Crossl. P. 4-6 cm. whitish, depressed, flesh thick; g.
adnate, narrow, pallid; s. 2.5-3 long by 1.25 thick, whitish; milk white
then glaucous-green; sp. echinulate, 6-7.
****** _Milk persistently white._
+ _Milk mild._
# _Gills rufescent or yellowish._
=volemus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, depr. obtuse, dry, glabrous, golden
tawny at length minutely broken up; g. decur. crowded, yellowish; s. 5-9
cm. solid, stout, coloured like p. pruinose; milk white; sp. 5-6.
Edible.
=ichoratus=, Batsch. P. 6-10 cm. thin, depr. even, glabrous, wavy,
tawny, zoned; g. adnate, white then ochre; s. 3-7 cm. glabrous, tawny;
milk white; sp. 8-10 x 6-7.
Differs from _L. volemus_ in zoned p. and in being altogether more
slender. _L. tithymalinus_ differs in acrid milk and pinkish gills.
=mitissimus=, Fr. P. 2.6 cm. depr. papillate, dry, even, zoneless, deep
orange, shining; g. crowded, paler than p.; s. 3-6 cm. hollow, orange;
milk white; sp. 6-8 x 5-6.
Differs from _L. subdulcis_ in bright orange, shining p., and copious
milk.
=quietus=, Fr. Smell oily. P. 5-8 cm. depr. viscid at first, reddish
cinnamon, pale and rather silky when dry; g. paler than p.; s. 5-8 cm.
colour of p. glabrous; milk white; sp. 8-10 x 6-7.
=serifluus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. plane then depr. rather wavy, glabrous, not
zoned, tawny brown, margin incurved; g. crowded, yellowish; s. 2-4 cm.
slightly incurved, paler than p. solid; milk scanty, watery; sp. 7-8.
Differs from _L. subdulcis_ in solid stem.
=camphoratus=, Fr. Smell strong, pleasant. P. 3-5 cm. thin, depr. dry,
glabrous, reddish-brown, slightly zoned, rather wavy; g. adnate,
reddish-yellow; s. 2-3 cm. subundulate, colour of p.; milk white; sp.
8-9.
Smell strong and fragrant, especially when dry.
_L. cimicarius_ has a very strong smell when quite fresh, but none when
dry.
=subumbonatus=, Lindgr. P. 2-3 cm. thin, depr. subumb. rugose, punctate,
wavy, dusky cinnamon, flesh grey then yellowish; g. adnate, pinkish
rufous; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, rufescent; milk watery, whitish; sp. 5-6.
(9, Sacc.)
Smell foetid when dry.
=tomentosus=, Otto. P. 5-7 cm. umb. then depr. or infundib. downy, dingy
flesh colour or brownish; g. tinged reddish-yellow; s. 4-5 cm. soon
hollow, pallid, naked, smooth; milk white; sp. 8-9.
=helvus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. fragile, plane, subumb. pale brick red, broken
up into floccose squamules; g. decurrent, soon ochraceous; s. 5-8 cm.
brick red, pruinosely pubescent; milk scanty, white, rather sweet; sp.
8-9.
_L. tomentosus_ differs in the naked stem.
=squalidus=, Kromb. P. 2-5 cm. umbil. pale greyish olive or lurid; g.
narrow, yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. solid, equal, glabrous, pale brown; milk
whitish; sp. 6-10.
About size of _L. pyrogalus_, but gills narrow and milk mild.
=ligniotus=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. umb. plicato-rugulose, pruinosely
velvety, sooty umber; g. adnate, snow-white then tinged ochre; s. 6-12
cm. colour of p., apex constricted and plicate; milk white; sp.
echinulate, 9-10.
Known by rugulose pileus and mild milk.
## _Gills pallid._
=pallidus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. umbil. viscid, pale ochraceous tan,
zoneless; g. crowded, pallid, pruinose; s. 3-5 cm. pallid tan, soon
hollow; milk white; sp. 9-10 x 7-8.
=cremor=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. soon plane, minutely punctate, tawny, margin
striate; g. adnate, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, coloured like p.; milk
whitish, watery; sp. 9-10.
var. _pauper_, Karst. P. 7 cm. margin sulcate; milk none; sp. 10.
[=rubrocinctus=, Fr. P. plane, tawny then paler; g. adnate, pallid; s.
pallid with a pale red zone at the apex; milk scanty, white.
++ _Milk acrid._
# _Gills whitish or pallid._
=vellereus=, Fr. White. P. 9-18 cm. umbil. tomentose, zoneless; g.
decurrent, distant; s. solid, pubescent, 5-8 cm.; milk scanty, white;
sp. 8 x 6.
=piperatus=, Fr. White. P. 7-18 cm. thick, firm, umbil. then infundib.
edge erect, glabrous, even; g. decur. crowded, narrow, forked; s. 3-4
cm. stout, smooth, solid; milk copious, white, acrid; sp. 8-9.
=pergamenus=, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. plane then depr. wavy, rugulose; g.
adnate, very narrow, horizontal, tinged straw colour; s. glabrous,
discoloured, 7-10 cm.; milk white; sp. 8 x 6.
Differs from _L. piperatus_ in crowded narrow gills, longer stem, and
thinner pileus.
=Scoticus=, B. and Br. Pallid white, smell pungent. P. 2.4 cm. soon
plane, tomentose then smooth except incurved margin; g. thin, rather
broad; s. 2-3 cm. solid, tinged pink; milk white; sp. 7-8.
=involutus=, Soppitt. White. P. 2-4 cm. plane or depr. incurved edge
silky; g. subdecurrent, very narrow, densely crowded; s. 2-2.5 cm.
glabrous, solid; milk white; sp. elliptical, 5 x 3.
Differs from _L. scoticus_ and all known species in the smooth,
elliptical spores.
=torminosus=, Schaeff. P. 6-9 cm. obt. depr. slightly zoned, margin
strongly involute and shaggy, tinged flesh colour or ochre; g. subdecur.
pale; s. 5-8 cm. paler than p.; milk white; sp. echin. 9-10 x 7-8.
Differs from _L. cilicioides_ in zoned pileus and white milk.
=cilicioides=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. soft, not zoned, exp. and depr. margin
fibrillose, pale flesh colour with rufous tinge; g. decur. somewhat
branched; s. 5-8 cm. stuffed, even, silky, not spotted, pallid; milk
white or faintly tinged yellow; sp. 8 x 6-7, echinulate.
=pubescens=, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. thin, exp. umbil. zoneless, whitish, margin
pubescent; g. crowded, tinged pink; s. 2-4 cm. pinkish then pale,
narrowed downwards; milk white; sp. echin. 7-8.
Differs from _L. torminosus_ and _L. cilicioides_ in the margin being
only downy.
=insulsus=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon infundib. viscid, slightly zoned,
yellowish or reddish, margin naked; g. forked, pallid; s. 3-4 cm.
stuffed then hollow, pallid; milk white; sp. echin. 10 x 8.
_L. zonarius_ differs in the solid stem.
=hysginus=, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. rigid, umbil. viscid, thin margin incurved,
reddish flesh colour; g. crowded; s. 5-9 cm. stuffed then hollow; milk
white; sp. 10 x 7-8.
[=luridus=, Fr. P. fleshy, almost plane, even, viscid, slightly zoned,
rufous-grey, edge bent down; g. decur. whitish; milk white, acrid; s.
hollow, pallid; sp. 8 x 6.
=zonarius=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. compact, viscid, pale orange or yellowish,
zoned; g. whitish; s. 5-8 cm. solid, yellowish; milk white; sp. 9-10 x
8.
=circellatus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. soon plane, wavy, viscid, brownish, zones
and umbilicate disc darker; g. crowded, whitish; s. solid, narrowed
below, pallid; milk white; sp. 7-8.
_L. flexuosus_ differs in yellow gills.
=trivialis=, Fr. 9-18 cm. depr. viscid, zoneless, pale yellowish or
pinky tan, margin incurved; g. crowded, white; s. 3-8 cm. paler than p.,
hollow; milk white; sp. 9-10.
=turpis=, Fr. P. 6-14 cm. rigid, depr. zoneless, viscid, olive-umber,
margin at first with yellow down; g. thin, pallid; s. 3-6 cm. viscid,
olive, narrowed at base; milk white; sp. echin. 6-8.
Differs from _L. blennius_ in absence of circles of spots on pileus.
=umbrinus=, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane, umbil. wavy, dry, floccose, umber,
not zoned; g. crowded, pallid; s. solid, very short, 2 cm. greyish
white; milk white, forming grey spots; sp. 8-9.
=blennius=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. depr. glutinous, dingy olive grey, often
concentrically spotted, margin at first incurved; g. crowded; s. 3-5 cm.
viscid, coloured like pileus; milk white; sp. 7-8 x 6.
[=lividus=, Lamb. P. convex then plane or depr. not distinctly zoned,
pale livid, centre fuscescent, viscid (?); g. subdecur. pale livid,
crowded; s. livid, solid, curved; milk white, acrid.
[=impolitus=, Fr. P. convex then depr. subumb. dry, silky, not zoned,
becoming pale; g. adnate, crowded, pallid; s. glabrous but not polished,
reddish white; milk white, acrid.
## _Gills rufescent or yellowish._
=rufus=, Scop. P. 6-9 cm. umb. depr. flocculose then glabrous, zoneless,
rufous bay, shining; g. yellowish rufous; s. 5-8 cm. rufescent; milk
white; sp. 7-9.
[=decipiens=, Q. P. moist then puberulent, reddish flesh-colour; g.
narrow, tinged flesh-colour; s. slender, paler than p., milk very acrid;
sp. 8-9.
[=maliodorus=, Boud. Smell unpleasant. P. infundib. dry, rather viscid
when moist, tawny ochre or tawny brick-red, zones formed of darker
spots, edge glabrous; g. subdecur. pallid then like p.; s. short,
rugose; flesh tawny, milk white, acrid.
Differs from _L. quietus_ in brighter colour and acrid milk.
=capsicum=, Schulz. P. 3-6 cm. obtuse, deep chestnut colour, margin
strongly incurved; g. tawny; s. white with tawny fibrils; milk white;
sp. 6-7.
[=tithymalinus=, Fr. P. umb. then convex, depr. dry, even, glabrous,
not zoned, yellow, disc rufescent; g. adnate, crowded, yellowish then
flesh-colour; s. glabrous, colour of p.; milk white, acrid.
=subdulcis=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. thin, at length depr. papillate, even,
glabrous, zoneless, bay or rufous cinnamon, not turning pale; g. adnate,
paler than p.; s. 3-5 cm. soon hollow, equal, rufescent, slightly
pruinose; milk white, sweet at first then very slightly acrid; sp. 9-10.
var. _concavus_, Fr. P. rufous bay; g. reddish, pruinose; mild.
var. _sphagneti_, Fr. P. shining, margin crenate; s. hollow, glabrous.
=Terrei=, B. and Br. Caespitose. P. 1-2 cm. wrinkled, depr. bay; g.
decur. pallid; s. thickened at base, hollow, with orange down; smell
sweet.
[=rubescens=, Bres. P. convexo-plane then depr. rarely subumb. polished,
dry, edge at first incurved and white-pruinose, pinkish brick-red then
paler; g. crowded, pallid then pinkish-rufescent, subdecur.; s. colour
of p.; milk white, sparingly acrid; sp. 7-8.
=cimicarius=, Batsch. Smell unpleasant, oily. P. 2-4 cm. depr. or
infund. wavy, dark bay brown; g. reddish ochre, subdecur.; s. 2-3 cm.
paler than p.; milk white; sp. 7-8.
Smell strong, said to resemble bugs.
=obnubilus=, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. thin, convex, umbil. sooty brown,
slightly striate; g. rather crowded, yellowish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed,
slender, paler than p.; milk white; sp. 8-9.
var. _crenatus_, Mass. P. 3-5 cm. sooty brown, coarsely sulcate, margin
crenate.
=flexuosus=, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. dry, depr. wavy, lead colour or with lilac
tinge, becoming squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. 5-8 cm. stout,
solid, greyish; milk white; sp. 6-8.
var. _roseozonatus_, Fr. P. rose colour, zones darker.
Differs from _L. blennius_ in yellow gills.
=plumbeus=, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. convex then infundib. dry, dull, sooty then
blackish brown; g. crowded, tinged yellow; s. solid, equal, stout; milk
white, acrid; sp. 6-8 x 4-6.
[=capsicoides=, Fr. P. compact, convex-incurved, wavy, dry, glabrous,
not zoned, flesh-colour; g. broad, crowded, whitish; s. solid, short,
thick.
Differs from _L. flexuosus_ in broad, crowded, white g.
[=jecorinus=, Fr. P. convex then plano-depr. rugulose with elevated
ridges, zoneless, viscid, reddish liver-colour; g. distant, yellow; s.
hollow, pallid; milk white, acrid; sp. 10.
[=crampylus=, Fr. P. convex, umbil. everywhere rugulosely tomentose,
zoneless, sooty red, edge downy; g. yellow; s. greyish; milk white,
acrid.
=pannucius=, Fr. P. plano-discoid, zoneless, glabrous, brick-red, edge
white-tomentose at first; g. yellow; s. elongated; milk white, acrid.
[=fluens=, Boud. P. convex, viscid, blackish olive, centre scarcely
zoned, edge pale; g. adnate, ochre with grey tinge later; s. solid,
rather viscid greyish ochre, brown when bruised like gills; milk acrid,
white then brownish.
Differs from _L. blennius_ in larger size, tufted habit, convex p. and
darker colour.
=fascinans=, Fr. P. convex then depr. viscid, brownish brick-red,
zoneless, edge downy white at first; g. thickish, yellowish; s. hollow,
pallid; milk white.
=cyathicula=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. plane, umb. brick-red then pale, broken up,
opaque; g. decurrent, crowded, yellowish; s. 4-5 cm. pallid; milk white;
sp. 6-8.
=glyciosmus=, Fr. Strong scented. P. 3-7 cm. soon exp. umb. squamulose,
greyish or brownish, opaque; g. soon pale ochre; s. 2-3 cm. pubescent,
pallid; milk white; sp. 6-10.
var. _flexuosus_, Fr. P. wavy, somewhat zoned.
=pyrogalus=, Bull. P. 5-8 cm. exp. depr. livid grey; g. thin,
ochraceous; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, pallid; milk white; sp. 7-10.
_L. flexuosus_ differs in larger size, thick gills, and squamulose dark
pileus.
=utilis=, Weinm. P. 10-20 cm. exp. then infund. glabrous, tan; g.
adnate; s. 5-8 cm. hollow, even, coloured like p.; milk white; sp. 7-9 x
5-6.
=mammosus=, Fr. P. 4-6 cm. acutely umb. then depr. zoneless, dry,
greyish brown or lurid, covered with grey down; g. adnate, pale rusty;
s. 5-7 cm. stuffed then hollow, pallid, downy; milk white, slowly acrid;
sp. 8-9.
=aurantiacus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. depr. even, zoneless, slightly viscid dull
orange; g. decurrent, ochre; s. 6-7 cm. coloured like p.; milk white,
becoming acrid; sp. 9-10.
_L. volemus_ differs in pruinose stem, and _L. mitissimus_ in mild milk.
[=Porinae=, Roll. P. very firm, rugose, glabrous, viscid, orange yellow,
generally with red zones, convex then plane, at length infundib. irreg.
subumb. edge even incurved; g. yellow then ochre, crowded; s. ochre,
rooting; milk white, scanty, rather acrid; sp. 7.5.
=picinus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. convex then plane, umb. brownish umber, at
first villosely velvety then disc almost glabrous; g. adnate, much
crowded, ochre; s. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, paler; milk white; sp. 9-10.
(5-6 Sacc.)
Velvety p. and acrid milk mark this species.
=spinulosus=, Q. P. 2-3 cm. depr. umbo acute, flesh colour or rosy, with
minute erect spines towards margin; g. decur. flesh colour with yellow
tinge; s. 2-3 cm. flexuous, rugulose, paler than p.; milk white; sp. 8.
var. _violaceus_, Cke. P. rosy violet; s. almost smooth.
=lilacinus=, Lasch. P. 2-5 cm. depr. papillate, rosy-lilac, floccose
when dry; g. adnate, tinged pink; s. 2-3 cm. pallid with a white bloom;
milk white; sp. 7-10.
=lateritioroseus=, Karst. P. plano-depr. often subinfundib. and irreg.
granulose or squamulose especially near the edge, zoneless or nearly so,
pale brick-red with rosy tinge; g. decur. pinkish; s. solid, colour of
p., apex with white meal; milk scanty, white, acrid; sp. 9-10 x 8-9.
Differs from _Lact. lilacinus_ in decur. g. and pileus not floccose.
=controversus=, Pers. P. 7-12 cm. umbil. then infundib. whitish with red
spots or zones; g. closely crowded, soon with flesh-coloured tint; s.
3-5 cm. white; milk white; sp. echin. 6-8.
[=viridis=, Fr. P. depr. wavy, dry, green; g. white tinged rufous; s.
hollow, stout, base narrowed; milk white; sp. 8.5 x 6.
[=tabidus=, Fr. P. submembranaceous, acutely umb., reddish then pale,
edge striate when moist; s. subfistulose, pallid; g. flaccid, pallid;
milk; sp. 8 x 4-5.
Recognised by very thin, acutely umbonate p.; owing to absence of
description of milk, position uncertain.
[=rutaceus=, Lasch. P. subdepr. almost glabrous, opaque, reddish-fawn;
g. subdecur. crowded, narrow, yellowish clay-colour.
Smell like _Ruta graveolens_, taste bitter and of camphor.
_Stem excentric or lateral; growing on wood._
[=lateripes=, Fr. P. white tinged rosy, subdimidiate; g. crowded,
pallid; s. lateral; milk white, rather acrid.
[=hometi=, Gill. P. lateral, fleshy, convex, pale yellowish ochre, edge
irreg. flesh white then violet; g. slightly decur. narrowed at both
ends, pallid, spotted violet; s. lateral, stout, colour of p.
=minimus=, W. G. Sm. P. 1 cm. convex, subumb. excentric, pallid tan; g.
subdecur. pallid; s. 1 cm. solid, coloured like p.; milk abundant,
white; sp. 3-4.
=obliquus=, Fr. Smell strong. P. 3-4 cm. thin, depr. oblique, lobed,
zoned greyish, silky; g. crowded; s. subexcentric, curved; milk white;
sp. 5-6.
HYGROPHORUS, Fr.
I. LIMACIUM. _Pileus viscid, stem also often so; secondary veil
floccose, forming a ring or attached to edge of p.; s. squamulose,
or scabrid at apex; g. adnato-decur._
* _White or yellowish._
[=ligatus=, Fr. White. P. convexo-plane, even; g. thick, distant; s.
long, fibrillose, apex naked, ring inferior, subappend.; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
Sometimes tinged yellow, rarely spotted red.
=chrysodon=, Fr. White, edge of p. gills and upper part of stem tinged
yellow. P. 5-7 cm. exp.; g. broad, thin; s. 5-7 cm. yellow squamules
forming ring at apex; sp. 8 x 4.
[=gliocyclus=, Fr. P. exp. pallid-white, very glutinous; g. decur.
distant, permanently white; s. with inferior glutinous ring.
[=hyacinthinus=, Q. Fragrant. P. snow-white, viscid, silky-shining,
margin pubescent; s. slender, striate, pruinose.
=eburneus=, Bull. White. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, edge soon naked; g.
decur. distant, firm; s. 3-7 cm. viscid, rough with points at apex; sp.
5 x 4.
Differs from _H. cossus_ in pure white colour and absence of unpleasant
smell.
[=subpurpurascens=, Allesch. P. hemispher. viscid, white, tan or
brownish when dry; g. decur. white, brownish-purple when dry; s. viscid,
narrowed below and rooting, white, apex white-scurfy; sp. 6-8 x 5-6.
=cossus=, Sow. Smell strong. P. 3-5 cm. exp. glutinous, shining when
dry, white with yellow tinge, edge naked; g. subdecur. distant, firm; s.
scurfy-punctate upwards; sp. 7-8 x 4-5.
[=melizeus=, Fr. Straw colour. P. exp. depr. even; g. decur. thin,
distant; s. soft, narrowed below, apex with white squamules.
=penarius=, Sow. P. 4-7 cm. P. umb. then exp. and obtuse, usually dry,
compact, pallid tan, opaque; g. decur. distant, thick; s. 3-5 cm.
glutinous then dry and rugulose, fusiformly rooting; sp. 7-8 x 3-4.
** _Reddish._
[=purpurascens=, Fr. P. whitish, disc with purplish squamules; g. decur.
white tinged purple; s. white, bristling with purplish squamules, ring
inferior.
[=capreolarius=, Kalchbr. Entirely purple rufous. P. soon dry, virgate
with darker fibrils, centre squamulosely punctate, flesh reddish; g.
rigid, purplish then changing to cinnamon; s. reticulately striate with
darker purple-umber fibrils.
=erubescens=, Fr. P. 5-12 cm. gibbous then convexo-plane, white then
deep rosy or dingy red; g. soft, white spotted red; s. 4-9 cm. reddish
fibrillose, apex red punctate; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
Usually growing in circles. Pileus and flesh white suffused with red
everywhere.
=pudorinus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. convex depr. viscid, clear reddish flesh
colour; g. distant, thick, shining white; s. 5-9 cm. white, apex
constricted and rough with points; sp. 8 x 4.
Differs from _H. erubescens_ in pure white gills, and clearer colour of
p.
=rubescens=, Beck. P. convex, shining, flesh-colour or yellowish, disc
often somewhat tawny; g. very distant, adnate, scarcely decur., pale
flesh-colour; s. clavate from base, yellowish white, narrowed and
floccosely-verruculose below gills; sp. 7.5-10 x 4-7; flesh of p.
reddish.
Differs from _H. pudorinus_ and _H. discoideus_ in clavate s. and red
flesh.
[=Queletii=, Bres. P. convex-plane, subumb. white with pinkish flecks at
centre, epidermis becoming squamulose, edge at first incurved and
white-floccose, viscid; g. adnato-decur. white or yellowish, edge
citrin; s. solid, white, scurfy with reddish flecks; sp. 8-9 x 5.
Sometimes entirely white and p. concentrically cracked.
=glutinifer=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. exp. rufescent, pellicle glutinous, disc
rugosely punctate; g. arcuato-decur. white; s. 7-9 cm. stuffed,
ventricose below, viscid, colour of p., apex white squamulose; sp. ----.
[=leucophaeus=, Fr. P. exp. pallid gilvous, disc rugosely punctate; g.
adnate then decur. pallid; s. hollow, narrowed below, pallid, apex white
floccose; sp. 6-8 x 4.
[=Secretani=, Henn. (= _Ag. suaveolens_, Var. D. Secr.) Smell strong,
like aniseed. P. camp. exp. white, disc with rosy fibrils; g.
adnato-decur. distant, thick, white then tan or yellowish; s. white,
glabrous, apex white-floccose; sp. 11-13 x 5-6.
[=persicinus=, Beck. P. conic then hemispher. edge incurved, peach
colour or somewhat orange, shining, even; g. thick, both ends narrowed,
decur. edge very obtuse, fuscescent; s. constricted below gills, pale
lilac-peach-colour, base yellowish; sp. 15-20 x 5-6.
[=miniaceus=, Beck. P. convex then exp. fleshy, vermilion brick-red,
centre innately floccose; g. adnate, very distant, broad, white; s.
orange flesh-colour; flesh white soon reddish, deep rose under cuticle
of p.; sp. 6-7.
*** _Tawny or yellow._
=arbustivus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. viscid, innately virgate, tawny; g.
adnate, thick, white; s. solid, 3-4 cm. pallid, apex with loose white
mealy granules; sp. 10 x 6.
=discoideus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. depr. glutinous, pale gilvous, disc
dark and rusty; g. adnato-decur. soft, colour of p. then pallid; s.
viscid, flocculose, with white points upwards, 3-5 cm.; sp. 5-8 x 4-5.
[=Friesii=, Sacc. (_H. nitidus_, Fr. Mon., not B. and C.). P. convex
then plane, obtuse, viscid, yellow; g. deeply decur. white then pallid;
s. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex even, white; sp. 8 x 4-5.
[=nitidus=, Fr. P. exp. viscid, yellow; g. deeply decur. distant, white
then pallid; s. solid, glabrous, viscid, apex smooth, white.
=aureus=, Arrh. P. 2-3 cm. exp. glutinous, golden yellow; g.
adnato-decur. white; s. 4-5 cm. reddish tawny and glutinous up to
imperfect ring; sp. 8 x 4.
[=Bresadolae=, Q. P. campan.-exp. umb. glutinous, clear yellow, umb.
orange tawny; g. distant, thick, attenuato-decur. citrin or more or
less white; s. apex white, yellow-flocculose below ring, glutinous; sp.
8-10 x 6.
[=lucorum=, Kalchb. P. plano-depr. subumb. viscid, whitish, disc bright
citrin, altogether yellowish when old; g. adnato-decur. pallid or
citrin, edge white; s. slender, base subbulbous, colour of p.; sp. 7 x
4.
=aromaticus=, Sow. P. 5-7 cm. exp. very fragile, cinnamon, glutinous; g.
subdecur. white with pink tinge; s. 3-5 cm. equal, colour of p.
Smell spicy, taste like peppermint. A fungus of uncertain affinity.
**** _Olivaceous-umber._
=limacinus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. convex, obtuse, umber then smoky olive, edge
paler; g. adnato-decur. greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. solid, viscid, apex
squamulose; 12 x 8.
Differs from _H. olivaceo-albus_ in squamulose apex of stem, and from
_H. agathosmus_ in viscid stem.
[=vignolius=, Paniz. P. obtuse, very glutinous, olive; g. adnate,
greyish-purple then rusty, edge white; s. with dark concentric scales or
glutinous and fibrillose.
=olivaceo-albus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. even, with olive gluten which
disappears leaving surface pale, umbo brown; g. adnato-decur. white; s.
5-7 cm. viscid, with a floccose ring at first, scaly and spotted brown,
apex glabrous; sp. 7-8 x 4.
=hypothejus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. exp. and more or less depr. thin, olive
gluten disappearing and leaving p. yellowish-olive or brownish, virgate;
g. decur. yellow; s. 5-9 cm. viscid, paler than p., trace of ring when
young; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
_H. olivaceo-albus_ differs in white gills.
=cerasinus=, B. Smell strong, like cherry-laurel. P. 2-3 cm. obtusely
umb. viscid, pale umber then greyish, margin downy; g. very distant,
tinged pink; s. 5-7 cm. white, apex squamulose; sp. 8 x 4.
***** _Brownish grey or livid._
=fusco-albus=, Lasch. P. 4-5 cm. exp. even, viscid, brownish grey; g.
decur. broad, snow-white; s. 5-7 cm. equal, dry, apex white-floccose;
sp. 12-14 x 7-8.
=agathosmus=, Fr. Smell like aniseed. P. 3-5 cm. exp. gibbous, viscid,
livid grey, disc with crowded pellucid papillae; g. decur. soft, white;
s. 5-7 cm. dry, fibrillosely striate, rough with squamules upwards; sp.
9-10 x 5.
[=pustulatus=, Fr. P. exp. umb. viscid, livid grey, umbo fuscous,
cracked into papillae; g. adnato-decur. white, often glaucous; s. equal,
white, rough with black points; sp. 8-10 x 4-5.
Var. _terebratus_, Fr. P. subumb. glabrous; g. triquetrous; s. wavy,
pure white, apex with black points.
[=tephroleucus=, Fr. P. exp. then depr. round the brown umbo, viscid,
grey, adpressedly squamuloso-fibrillose; g. decur. white; s. solid, with
black fibrils above.
[=hyporrhodius=, Otth. P. convex then depr. greyish brown, disc
squamulose; g. slightly decur. both ends acute, rosy white, connected by
veins; s. equal, white, granulosely squamulose.
[=albidus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umb. cuticle longitudinally
interwoven, rugosely papillate near edge, even, whitish, viscid; g.
adnato-decur. distant, shining white; s. equal, flocculose, white; sp.
8-10 x 6.
=mesotephrus=, B. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. hygr. viscid, striate, whitish
with brown disc; g. decur. white, s. 3-5 cm. slender, flexuous, white,
viscid, apex granular; sp. 9-10 x 5.
=livido-albus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. even, glabrous, viscid, exp. obtuse,
thin, everywhere livid; g. decur. white; s. slender, even, almost
smooth; sp. 10 x 6.
Differs from _H. eburneus_ in livid p. and glabrous s.
=calophyllus=, Karst. P. conico-convex, exp. obsoletely umb. viscid,
even, glabrous, sooty-fuscous; g. decur. distant, joined by veins, rosy
or at length whitish; s. thicker below, wavy, pallid then sooty,
glabrous, even, dry; sp. 6-8 x 4-5.
II. CAMAROPHYLLUS. _Veil absent. Stem not punctate or scabrid.
Pileus firm, moist in wet weather but not viscid. Gills distant,
arcuate._
* _Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent._
=caprinus=, Scop. P. 7-12 cm. fleshy, fragile, exp. umb. rather wavy,
sooty, fibrillose; g. very broad, thick, very distant, white then
glaucous; s. 5-7 cm. solid, sooty fibrillose; sp. 10 x 7-8.
=leporinus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convex, gibbous, reddish-yellow,
fibrilloso-floccose, opaque; g. decur. gilvous; s. 4-5 cm. fibrillose,
pallid; sp. subgl. 5-6.
Differs from _H. pratensis_ in floccose p.
[=alutaceorubens=, Otth. P. convex then flat, yellowish red, disc
darker; g. scarcely decur. reddish-yellow; s. cylind. rather twisted,
apex reddish and mealy, whitish below.
[=velutinus=, Borsz. P. exp. gibbous then subdepr. even when moist,
floccosely squamulose when dry, tawny yellow; g. deeply decur. thick,
orange; s. fibrillosely squamulose, darker; sp. 8 x 4.
=nemoreus=, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. equally fleshy, exp. almost glabrous, tawny
orange; g. thick, distant, colour of p.; s. squamulose, fibroso-striate,
base narrowed, pale; sp. 6-7 x 5.
Differs from _H. pratensis_ in squamulose, pale s., and from _H.
leporinus_ in glabrous p.
=pratensis=, Fr. Every part tawny-yellow or buff. P. 2-7 cm. disc very
fleshy, gibbous, margin thin, altogether obconic; g. deeply decur.
thick, distant; s. 3-5 cm. stuffed, even, glabrous, narrowed downwards;
sp. 6 x 4.
Edible. Variable in size, sometimes all white or grey, s. often pale.
Var. _cinereus_, Fr. P. and g. grey, s. whitish, slender.
Var. _pallidus_, B. and Br. P. depr. or infundib., edge wavy, entirely
pale ochre.
[=bicolor=, Karst. P. compact and thick, obconoid, convex, often depr.
whitish, even, glabrous, g. deeply decur. gilvous; s. long, solid,
narrowed below, glabrous, whitish; sp. 10 x 6.
[=suberosus=, Jacobasch. P. convex, subdepr. subturbinate, not umb.
reddish yellow, g. decur. pallid; s. pallid, equal, floccosely
tomentose; sp. 3.7-5.5.
[=Karstenii=, Sacc. and Cub. P. fleshy, disc compact, convexo-plane,
glabrous, even, whitish; g. deeply decur. distant, yellow; s. solid,
narrowed below, wavy, whitish; sp. 10 x 6.
=virgineus=, Wulf. White. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, exp. obtuse then depr.
becoming cracked and floccose when dry; g. distant, thickish; s. 3-5 cm.
stuffed, firm, short, narrowed downwards; sp. 8-10 x 5. Edible.
Var. _roseipes_, Mass. Stem rosy downwards.
=niveus=, Fr. White. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. tough, membranaceous, convex, umbil.
viscid; g. thin, arcuate, distant; s. 4-6 cm. slender, equal; sp. 7-8 x
4-5.
Differs from _H. virgineus_ in smaller size, thin p. and slender equal
s.
=russo-coriaceus=, B. and Br. White, fragrant. P. 1.5-2 cm. convex, disc
fleshy, edge thin; g. thick, very distant; s. 1.5-2.5 cm. solid, smooth,
base narrowed; sp. 8 x 5.
Differs from _H. niveus_ in thick disc, and smell resembling Russian
leather.
[=helvella=, Boud. P. hygr. glabrous, greyish ochre, obconic-campan.
edge sometimes wavy; g. shortly decur. narrow, grey; s. whitish, equal,
scurfy above, base thickened and downy.
[=glaucus=, Karst. P. convexo-plane, umb. then depr. and somewhat wavy,
moist, glabrous, shining, even, glaucous; g. deeply decur. rather
branched, glaucous; s. wavy, with white down then glabrous, white; sp.
6-8, glob.
[=clivalis=, Fr. White, fragile. P. campan. exp. shining, edge at first
incurved then spreading, striate; g. narrowed behind, nearly free,
ventricose, distant; s. solid, short, fragile, narrowed below; sp. 6-7 x
4.
=ventricosus=, B. and Br. White. P. 4-7 cm. convex, disc fleshy, edge
thin, sometimes irreg.; g. deeply decur. narrow; s. 4-7 cm. ventricose,
solid, smooth; sp. 7 x 4.
Known among white sp. by fleshy p. and stout, ventricose stem.
** _Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate or plano-adnate._
=fornicatus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. campan. then exp. even, glabrous, viscid,
white or livid; g. sinuato-adnexed, thick, white; s. 5-7 cm. firm,
equal, tough, glabrous, white; sp. 5-6 x 3.
Stem solid below, apex hollow. Pileus obsoletely umb. rather wavy; gills
sometimes free, with a decurrent tooth, not decurrent as in _H.
virgineus_.
=distans=, B. P. 2-4 cm. exp. or depr. umbil. thin, viscid, white with
silky sheen, sometimes stained with brown; g. adnate, very distant,
white; s. 3-4 cm. white above, rather narrowed and greyish below; sp. 10
x 8.
[=streptopus=, Fr. Fragile, splitting. P. campan. exp. greyish white; g.
sinuato-adnate, rather crowded, white; s. hollow, rather twisted, white.
=Clarkii=, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. fragile, thin, exp. subumb. viscid,
livid grey; g. adnate with decur. tooth, broad, thick, distant, white;
s. 4-7 cm. grey, base white; sp. subgl. 12 x 10.
_H. distans_ differs in white umbilic. p.
=metapodius=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. compact, exp. viscid then silky squamulose,
brownish; g. arcuato-decur. thick, distant, greyish; s. 3-4 cm.
glabrous, grey, reddish inside; sp. 8 x 5.
=ovinus=, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. thin, conical then exp. gibbous, viscid then
squamulose, fuscous; g. arcuato-adnate, connected by veins, grey then
rufescent; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, often twisted, pallid or dark; sp. 5 x
3-4.
Differs from _H. metapodius_ in thin p. subequal s. and thinner g.
[=connatus=, Karst. P. thin, convexo-exp. unequal, dry, even, grey then
pallid, silky-white then glabrous; g. decur. distant, branched, narrow,
grey; s. solid, rather wavy, squamulose above, colour of p.; sp. 7-9 x
4-5.
[=flavus=, Lamb. Smell like new meal. P. convex, exp. then umbil. edge
sublobed, glabrous, even, yellowish; g. adnexed with decur. tooth, very
broad, ventricose, distant, whitish; s. equal, even, cylindrical, colour
of p.
=subradiatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. submembranaceous, subumb. radiato-striate,
brownish; g. adnate with decur. tooth, thin, white; s. 3-6 cm.
fistulose, glabrous, pallid; sp. 8 x 5.
Var. _lacmus_, Fr. P. plano-depr. lilac then pallid, disc sometimes
fibrillose; g. grey.
=irrigatus=, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp. subumb. livid,
lubricous; g. whitish, with a decur. tooth; s. 4-7 cm. grey, very
viscid; sp. 6-7 x 4.
_H. unguinosus_ differs in the sooty-grey gluten.
III. HYGROCYBE. _Veil absent. Entire fungus thin, watery, fragile.
P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccose. Often
bright coloured._
* _Gills decurrent or adnate with decur. tooth._
=Colemannianus=, Blox. P. 3-5 cm. campan. then exp. and strongly umb.
pale umber paler except disc when dry; g. deeply decur. connected by
veins, pale brown; s. 2-3 cm. white, silky upwards; sp. 7 x 4.
=foetens=, Phill. Very foetid. P. 2-3 cm. exp. umber; g. grey; s. 2-3
cm. olive yellow, squamulose; sp. subgl. 4-5.
=sciophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. slightly viscid, opaque, pale brick
red, or tawny, striate; g. decur. connected by veins, tinged red; s. 3-6
cm. hollow, subflexuous, smooth; sp. ----.
[=sulcatus=, Karst. P. campan. exp. viscid, sulcate except disc, deep
tawny; s. hollow, equal, glabrous, viscid, yellowish; g. decur.
yellowish.
=laetus=, Fr. (= _H. Houghtoni_, B.). P. 2-3 cm. thin, convexo-plane,
viscid, tawny; g. thin, distant, paler than p. decur.; s. 5-7 cm. tough,
equal, viscid, colour of p.; sp. 7 x 4-5.
Differs from _H. sciophanus_ in viscid stem.
=vitellinus=, Fr. Every part clear lemon yellow, paler when dry. P.
1.5-2.5 cm. viscid, edge plicato-striate; g. decur. rather distant; s.
3-5 cm. hollow, fragile; sp. 6 x 4.
=ceraceus=, Wulf. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, thin, exp. viscid, shining,
wax-yellow; g. adnate, subdecur. distant, broad, almost triangular,
yellow; s. hollow, 3-4 cm. hollow, colour of p. often flexuous; sp. 8 x
6.
Differs from _H. vitellinus_ in broad gills and wax-yellow s. and p.
=coccineus=, Schaeff. P. 2.5-3 cm. fragile, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse,
viscid, glabrous, scarlet then pale; g. adnate with decur. tooth,
connected by veins, reddish or yellowish; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, compr.
yellowish, crimson above; sp. 10-12 x 6. (6-8 x 4-5.)
Differs from _H. puniceus_ in adnate g. and yellow base of s., from _H.
miniatus_ in glabrous p. and yellow base of s.
=miniatus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. fragile, thin, convex then umbil. scarlet
then pale, opaque and squamulose; g. adnate, distant, yellow and red; s.
3-5 cm. terete, polished, scarlet; sp. 10 x 6.
=turundus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. thin, convex then umbil. very brittle,
covered with greyish-brown down then squamulose; g. decur. distant,
white then yellowish; s. 2-3 cm. tawny, polished; sp. ----.
P. soon broken up into smoky squamules, but golden and viscid at first.
Var. _mollis_, B. and Br. P. golden with fibrils of same colour; s.
yellow; g. shortly decur.
Var. _lepidus_, Boud. Brilliant golden orange; p. convex, squamulose or
hirsuto-tomentose, umbil. then golden, centre deepest; g. thick distant,
deeply and abruptly decur. pallid; s. elongated, colour of p.; sp. 9-10
x 5-6.
=mucronellus=, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. submembranaceous, fragile, conic then
campan. acutely umb. glabrous, vermilion then pale; g. decur.
triangular, thick, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. slender, colour of p. base white;
sp. ----.
=Wynniae=, B. and Br. (= _Clitocybe xanthophylla_, Bres., _fide_ Berk.).
P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, convex then umbil. or infundib., striate, lemon
yellow, greenish when dry; g. decur. yellowish then tinged green; s. 2-3
cm. colour of p.; sp. 7-8 x 6.
[=syrjensis=, Karst. P. thin convex, disc depr. glabrous, even, dry,
fuscous-white or dingy yellowish; g. deeply decur. brownish, somewhat
branched; s. equal, pallid; sp. 6 x 3-4.
=micaceus=, B. and Br. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, exp. yellow then grey with
green tinge, wrinkled, micaceous; g. decur. pale umber; s. 2-2.5 cm.
slender, yellow, base brown; sp. 4 x 3.
** _Gills adnexed then separating from stem._
=puniceus=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. campan. obtuse, wavy, viscid, crimson then
pale; g. slightly adnexed, thick, distant, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. hollow,
striate, colour of p. base white; sp. 8 x 5.
Differs from _H. coccineus_ in adnexed g. and striate stem with white
base.
Var. _nigrescens_, Q. Becoming blackish everywhere. P. orange, virgate,
then grey and silky; s. striate, yellow, apex red.
=obrusseus=, Fr. P. 5-7 cm. conico-convex, wavy, golden yellow, shining;
g. adnato-ventricose, thick, distant; s. 5-7 cm. hollow, subcompressed,
glabrous, even, yellow, base tawny; sp. 10-12 x 7.
Tawny base of stem not always evident.
[=citrino-croceus=, Beck. P. convex, flattened, glabrous, shining,
citrin-saffron, disc golden, edge whitish, slightly upturned; g. very
distant, broad, shortly decur. white; s. solid, subequal white or
spotted citrin; sp. 7.5-8.5 x 3.5-5.
=intermedius=, Pass. P. 3-5 cm. thin, campan. then exp.
silky-fibrillose, golden then greyish; g. adnate, ventricose, white then
yellow; s. 4-7 cm. yellow, fibrillosely striate; sp. 8-9 x 6.
Differs from _H. obrusseus_ in strong mealy smell, and p. becoming grey.
=conicus=, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. conical, acute, often lobed, yellow or tinged
crimson; g. nearly free, thin, yellowish; s. 3-9 cm. hollow
fibroso-striate, colour of p.; sp. 10-11 x 6-8.
Every part blackish when bruised or old.
[=albus=, Otth. P. conical, obtuse, even, white; g. free, snow-white; s.
white, striate, shining.
Differs from _Hygr. conicus_ in colour and obtuse p.
=calyptraeformis=, B. P. 3-7 cm. acutely conical then splitting and
exp. clear rose then paler; g. slightly adnexed, tinged rose; s. 6-9 cm.
hollow, white; sp. 7 x 4.
Var. _niveus_, Cke. Entirely white.
=chlorophanus=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. fragile, very thin, convex, obtuse,
viscid, yellow, sometimes crimson; g. emarginate, adnexed, white tinged
yellow; s. viscid when moist, even, everywhere yellow, 4-7 cm.; sp. 8 x
5.
Differs from _H. conicus_ in not becoming black.
=psittacinus=, Schaeff. P. 1.5-3 cm. campan. then exp. umb. striate,
yellow and orange, with green gluten; g. thick, distant, greenish; s.
3-5 cm. glutinous, yellow, apex green; sp. 10 x 5.
=spadiceus=, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. thin, conical, acute, fibrilloso-virgate,
with olive-bay gluten, blackish and shining when dry; g. citrin; s. 5-7
cm. hollow, dry, tawny-fibrillose; sp. 6-7 x 4.
Differs from _H. conicus_ in virgate p. and thicker g. not narrowed
behind.
[=squalidus=, Lasch. Fragile. P. campan. exp. gibbous, and with the
glabrous hollow s. sooty and glutinous, orange after the gluten has
gone; g. thick, livid then fuscous, edge orange.
=unguinosus=, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. fragile, thin, obtuse, uneven, smooth, with
smoky-brown dripping gluten, becoming cracked; g. white; s. 4-5 cm.
hollow, with smoky gluten; sp. 10 x 7-8.
[=obscuratus=, Karst. P. fragile, convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose, sooty
or livid blackish, mouse-colour when dry; g. sinuato-adnate, whitish or
glaucous; s. unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, glabrous, pallid,
centre often tinged smoky; sp. 7-10 x 3-5.
=nitratus=, Pers. Smell strong, nitrous. P. 3-5 cm. deformed, viscid,
soon dry and squamulose, brownish-grey; g. broad, distant, white then
glaucous; s. 4-7 cm. polished, white or tinged yellow; sp. 8 x 5.
There are two forms, a large one in woods, and a smaller one in
pastures, structure that of _H. coccineus_, but colours very different.
Readily distinguished by the strong nitrous smell.
[=Schulzeri=, Bres. P. hemispher. exp. or depr. dry, even, livid
cinnamon; g. distant, subdecur. white then greyish; s. dry, colour of
p., apex white-scurfy; inodorous; sp. glob. 3-3.5.
[=glauconitens=, Fr. Rigid. P. fibrillosely virgate, olive-black or
sooty then pale; g. glaucous; s. equal, shining; sp. 6-8 x 6-7.
Fries thinks this may be a young state of _H. nitratus_. Smell same but
weaker.
[=Marzuolus=, Bres. (= _Clitocybe Marzuolus_, Bres.). P. 4.5-7 cm. s.
4-7 cm. base clavate; sp. 6-7 x 4-5.
Bresadola considers this sp. is the _Clitocybe_ of Fries.
CLITOCYBE, Fr.
A. _P. fleshy, not hygr. pale and silky when dry._
* DISCIFORMES. _P. fleshy, convex then plane or subdepressed._
+ _P. greyish or brownish._
=nebularis=, Batsch. P. 6-12 cm. convex then subgibbous, grey, at first
with grey meal; g. narrow, subdecur. crowded, pallid; s. 5-8 cm.
narrowed upwards, fibrillose, pale; sp. 6 x 3.5. Edible.
=clavipes=, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. convex then plane, naked, grey or brownish;
g. decur. down stem, rather distant; s. obconic, fibrillose, 4-5 cm.
livid sooty; sp. 6-7 x 4.
=comitalis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, sooty umber; s. 4-7 cm.
obconic, sooty; g. plane, crowded; sp. 7-8 x 4.
=gangraenosa=, Fr. Foetid. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, obtuse, whitish,
variegated black, greenish, livid &c.; g. dingy white; s. 3-4 cm.
striate, somewhat bulbous; sp. ----.
=polius=, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, regular, grey; g. decur. closely
crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. equal, glabrous, whitish; sp. ----.
_C. fumosa_ differs in cartilaginous substance, mealy apex of stem,
hygr. &c.
=inornata=, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. plane or depr. pale greyish tan often with
olive tinge, cuticle separable; g. adnate then decur. grey; s. 3-4 cm.
glabrous, greyish; sp. ----.
[=Cardarella=, Fr. Convex then plano-depr. glabrous, shining, covered
with a thick separable pellicle, blackish red, very viscid; g. decur.
broad, shining white; s. solid, stout, white. Edible.
[=auricula=, D. C. P. hemispher. even, glabrous, edge incurved, naked,
greyish brown; g. white; s. solid, glabrous, white.
[=nimbata=, Batsch. P. camp.-convex, even, thin margin incurved, white
mealy; g. crowded, arcuate, white; s. solid, innately squamulose,
squamules becoming blackish.
[=luscina=, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge spreading, naked, fuscous
then livid; g. subdecur. crowded; s. solid, short, narrowed downwards,
powdered with white meal.
[=curtipes=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, obtuse, brown then pale, flesh brown;
g. closely crowded, white; s. short, rigid, fuscous, thickened upwards,
pale and subpruinose.
=hirneola=, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, silky shining, grey then
pale; g. crowded, hoary; s. 4-5 cm. slender, subflexuous, grey, apex
with white meal; sp. 5 x 3.
var. _major_, Fr. P. wavy, slightly zoned, whitish.
var. _undulata_, ----. P. exp. slightly wavy and zoned, whitish; s.
thickened downwards.
[=dothiophora=, Fr. P. exp. oblique, gibbous, hoary; g. decur. crowded,
whitish; s. solid, short, excentric, glabrous.
++ _Pileus violet or rufescent._
=cyanophaea=, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane, obtuse, brownish-blue; g. deeply
decur. violet then pale; s. 6-7 cm. narrowed upwards, bluish when young,
apex abruptly white; sp. ----.
Differs from _Trich. nudum_ in decurrent gills, &c.
[=tyrianthina=, Fr. Exp. even, purplish flesh colour, pellicle separable
when dry; g. rosy violet; s. villose then striate.
Differs from _C. gilva_ in springing from a fiery-red mycelium. Somewhat
resembling _Trich. personatum_.
=opiparia=, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. nearly plane, obtuse, yellowish flesh-colour,
shining; g. white, connected by veins; s. 4-7 cm. solid, glabrous,
whitish; sp. ----.
=amara=, Fr. Taste very bitter. P. 3-5 cm. plane, obtuse or subumb.
floccosely broken up, rufescent; g. crowded, narrow, white; s. 4-5 cm.
white, solid, floccose then glabrous; sp. 4 x 2.
[=vulpecula=, Kalchb. P. exp. depr. gilvous-rufescent; g. acutely
adnate, narrow; s. hollow, naked, whitish.
=socialis=, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, yellowish-red; g. tinged yellow;
s. 2-3 cm. reddish, rooting base hairy; sp. ----.
Stem strigose as in _Marasmius personatus_.
+++ _Pileus becoming yellowish._
=amarella=, Pers. Smell strong, taste bitter. P. 4-5 cm. plane, subumb.
reddish-yellow or fawn colour; g. tinged grey, shining; s. 4-5 cm.
pallid grey, white down at base; sp. ----.
[=veneris=, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, yellow; g. crowded, shining white; s.
elastic, glabrous, white.
=vernicosa=, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous, gilvous or deep
yellow; g. yellow; s. 2-3
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