出師表
by Liang Zhuge · Chinese · Gutenberg #30460 · 20,880 chars · public domain (US)
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Title: 出師表
Author: Liang Zhuge
Release date: November 12, 2009 [eBook #30460]
Most recently updated: October 24, 2024
Language: Chinese
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30460
Credits: Produced by Anthony Mao
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 出師表 ***
Title: Chu Shi Biao
Author: Liang Zhu Ge
出師表 / 諸葛亮
前出師表
臣亮言：先帝創業未半而中道崩殂。今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋
也。然侍衞之臣，不懈於內；忠志之士，忘身於外者；蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之
於陛下也。誠宜開張聖聽，以光先帝遺德，恢宏志士之氣；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻
失義，以塞忠諫之路也。
宮中、府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作姦犯科，及為忠善者，宜
付有司，論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使內外異法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費褘、董允等，此皆良實，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡拔以遺陛
下。愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然後施行，必能裨補闕漏，有所廣
益。將軍向寵，性行淑均，曉暢軍事，試用於昔日，先帝稱之曰能，是以衆議舉
寵為督。愚以為營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優劣得所也。
親賢臣，遠小人，此先漢所以興隆也；親小人，遠賢臣，此後漢所以傾頹也。先
帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不歎息痛恨於桓、靈也。侍中尚書、長史、參軍，
此悉貞良死節之臣也，願陛下親之、信之，則漢室之隆，可計日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽，苟全性命於亂世，不求聞達於諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，
猥自枉屈，三顧臣於草廬之中，諮臣以當世之事。由是感激，遂許先帝以驅馳。
後值傾覆，受任於敗軍之際，奉命於危難之間，爾來二十有一年矣。先帝知臣謹
慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂探，恐託付不效，以傷先帝之明，
故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，當獎率三軍，北定中原。庶竭
駑鈍，攘除姦凶，興復漢室，還於舊都。此臣所以報先帝，而忠陛下之職分也。
至於斟酌損益，進盡忠言，則攸之、褘、允之任也。願陛下託臣以討賊興復之效
；不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。若無興德之言，則責攸之、褘、允之慢，
以彰其咎。陛下亦宜自課，以咨諏善道，察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔，臣不勝受恩
感激。今當遠離，臨表涕泣，不知所云。
後出師表
先帝慮漢、賊不兩立，王業不偏安，故托臣以討賊也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，
故知臣伐賊，才弱敵強也。然不伐賊，王業亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰與伐之？是故
托臣而弗疑也。臣受命之日，寢不安席，食不甘味；思惟北征，宜先入南：故五
月渡瀘，深入不毛，並日而食。臣非不自惜也：願王業不可偏安於蜀都，故冒危
難以奉先帝之遺意。而議者謂為非計。今賊適疲於西，又務於東，兵法「乘勞」
：此進趨之時也。謹陳其事如左：
高帝明並日月，謀臣淵深，然涉險被創，危然後安；今陛下未及高帝，謀臣不如
良、平，而欲以長策取勝，坐定天下：此臣之未解一也。劉繇、王朗，各據州郡
，論安言計，動引聖人，群疑滿腹，眾難塞胸；今歲不戰，明年不征，使孫策坐
大，遂並江東：此臣之未解二也。曹操智計，殊絶於人，其用兵也，仿怫孫、吳
，然困於南陽，險於烏巢，危於祁連，逼於黎陽，幾敗北山，殆死潼關，然後偽
定一時耳；況臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之：此臣之未解三也。曹操五攻昌霸不下
，四越巢湖不成，任用李服而李服圖之，委任夏侯而夏侯敗亡，先帝每稱操為能
，猶有此失；況臣弩下，何能必勝：此臣之未解四也。自臣到漢中，中間期年耳
，然喪趙雲、陽群、馬玉、閻芝、丁立、白壽、劉合、鄧銅等，及驅長屯將七十
餘人，突將無前，叢叟、青羌，散騎武騎一千餘人，此皆數十年之內，所糾合四
方之精銳，非一州之所有；若復數年，則損三分之二也。--當何以圖敵：此臣之
未解五也。今民窮兵疲，而事不可息；事不可息，則與住行，勞費正等；而不及
今圖之，欲以一州之地，與賊持久：此臣之未解六也。
夫難平者，事也。昔先帝敗軍於楚，當此時，曹操拊手，謂天下已定。然後先帝
東連吳、越，西取巴、蜀，舉兵北征，夏侯授首：此操之失計，而漢事將成也。
然後吳更違盟，關羽毀敗，秭歸蹉跌，曹丕稱帝：凡事如是，難可逆見。臣鞠躬
盡瘁，死而後已；至於成敗利鈍，非臣之明所能逆睹也。
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